MANUAL ON IMPROVED FEEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE BY ... - Gart

FIGURE 11: Good quality pasture can provide around 10 kg milk per cow per day
With these indications it is interesting to know how much concentrates
have to be added to reach a certain milk production. A rough indication
for different production levels from some common fodder rations is given
in Chapter XVII.
Of course much more detailed ration calculations can be carried out for
each cow based on the different feeding values and the feed requirements
discussed before. But always remember that all figures and data used are
estimates of the real situation. The results of all the calculations are just
guidelines. However, if properly used these are indispensable to feed dairy
animals properly and so to enable economic farming.
8.3 Qualities of an ideal dairy cow ration
- Provides adequate amount of different, mixed nutrients and is appetizing
- Is palatable and good digestible
- Has a good effect on health
- Contains a variety of feed ingredients
- Is bulky and includes sufficient fodder
- Includes preferably plenty of succulent green fodder
- Is properly balanced and contains adequate energy, protein,
minerals and vitamins
- Is economical to feed
- Is nontoxic (not too old and stored in a damp place)
- Prevents undesirable flavor in milk
- Is free of undesirable weeds, dust, dung and urine
8.4 Some principles of rationing / feeding dairy animals
- Be kind and liberal in feeding the cows
- Maintain continuity in feeding. Avoid sudden changes in the ration.
If necessary change as gradual as possible
- Feed twice daily at 12 hours interval
- Provide green fodder and/or silage throughout the year but definitely
in the dry season
- A good palatability increases the intake and digestibility of the feed.
The palatability can be improved by adding some molasses, maize
bran or salt. Also by chaffing, soaking or grinding the feed
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Manual on improved feeding of Dairy Cattle by Smallholder Farmers