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Xll CONTENTS CHAPTER II LIFE HISTORY OF THE MALE FERN . . HISTORY OF THE SPOROPHYTE OR ASEXUAL GENERATION. PAGES Gross structure of stem. Histology of mature stem. His- tology of growing apex. Histology of mature root. Histology of root apex. Continuity of crude sap flow. Histology of stipe. Histology of lamina. Comparative physiology of root, stem and leaf. Gross structure and histology of the sori and sporangia. Rupture of sporangium and spore dissemination. HISTORY OF THE GAMETOPHYTE OR SEXUAL GENERATION. Origin of new sporophyte or diploid plant from fertilized egg. Growth of seedling into mature sporophyte. Alternation of generations 33~44 % CHAPTER III LIFE HISTORY OF A GYMNOSPERM (PINUS STROBUS) DESCRIPTION OF THE WHITE PINE TREE (SPOROPHYTE). Staminate cones. Carpellate cones. DESCRIPTION OF THE GAMETOPHYTE GENERATION. The Male Gametophyte. The Female Gametophyte. Fertilization. Seed Formation and Distribution. GERMINATION OF THE SEED 45-52 CHAPTER IV LIFE HISTORY OF AN ANGIOSPERM DESCRIPTION OF THE DOG'S TOOTH VIOLET. Development of Female Gametophyte. Maturation of the Pollen Grain and formation of the Male Gametophyte. Pollination and Fertilization. Ripening of the Ovule to form the Seed and of the Ovary to form the Fruit. Germination of the Seed and development of the Mature Sporophyte 53~58 RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIO- SPERMS 58 FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIOSPERMS. 58-59
CONTENTS Xlll CHAPTER V VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY. Definition. The Plant Cell as the Fundamental Unit. A typical Plant Cell PROTOPLASM AND ITS PROPERTIES. Structure. Metabolism. Irritability (Thermotropism, Chemotropism, Sitotropism, Hydrotropism, Heliotropism, Geotropism, Galvanotropism, Thigmotropism.) Reproduction PROTOPLASMIC CELL CONTENTS. Cytoplasm; nucleus; nu- cleolus; plastids (leucoplastids, chloroplastids, chromoplastids) CELL FORMATION AND REPRODUCTION. Asexual and sexual cells. Reproduction defined. Asexual Reproduction: Fis- sion; Gemmation; Free Cell Formation; Rejuvenescence. Sexual Reproduction: Conjugation and Fertilization INDIRECT NUCLEAR DIVISION. NON-PROTOPLASMIC CELL CONTENTS. Sugars. Starch. Inulin. Hesperidin. Strophanthin. Salicin. Saponin. Coni- ferin. Digitoxin. Characteristics of Glucosides. Alkaloids and their properties. The alkaloids, Strychnine, Veratrine, Nicotine, Caffeine, Cocaine, Aconitine, Colchicine. Gluco- alkaloids. Asparagine. Calcium Oxalate. Cystoliths. Silica. Tannins. Proteins. Aleurone Grains. Mucilages and Gums. Fixed Oils and Fats. Volatile Oils. Resins. Oleoresins. Gum Resins. Balsams. Pigments. Latex. Enzymes Classification of Enzyrn^es CELL WALLS. Their formation and composition. Growth in area and thickness.- Various kinds of cell walls and behavior of each to micro-chemic reagents CHAPTER VI PLANT TISSUES PAGES 60-6 1 62-68 68-70 70-71 71-74 74-96 96-98 PLANT TISSUES. Tissue defined. The Tissues of Spermatophytes and Pteridophytes : Generative Tissues. List of Tissues 99-100 MERISTEM. Definition. Primary and secondary meristems; their distribution.. 100
Page 5: PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY YOUNGKEN
Page 9 and 10: PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY A TEXT-BOOK F
Page 11 and 12: PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION The au
Page 13 and 14: PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION The a
Page 15: CONTENTS CHAPTER I FUNDAMENTAL CONS
Page 19 and 20: CONTENTS XV THE ROOT. Definition; f
Page 21 and 22: CONTENTS XV11 THE LAMINA. Definitio
Page 23: CONTENTS XIX PAGES A MONOCOTYL SEED
Page 27 and 28: PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY CHAPTER I FUN
Page 29 and 30: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS related
Page 31 and 32: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 5 Thus,
Page 33 and 34: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 7 in con
Page 35 and 36: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 9 THE CO
Page 37 and 38: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS II FIG.
Page 39 and 40: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 13 3. Fi
Page 41 and 42: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 15 MAKIN
Page 43 and 44: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS Sliding
Page 45 and 46: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 19 and t
Page 47 and 48: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 21 ' has
Page 49 and 50: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 23 suffi
Page 51 and 52: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 25 The a
Page 53 and 54: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 27 her o
Page 55 and 56: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 29 ether
Page 57 and 58: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 31 in th
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER II LIFE HISTORY OF THE MALE
Page 61 and 62: LIFE HISTORY OF THE MALE FERN 35 4.
Page 63 and 64: LIFE HISTORY OF THE MALE FERN 37 3.
Page 65 and 66: LIFE HISTORY OF THE MALE FERN 39 em
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LIFE HISTORY OF THE MALE FERN 41 wh
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LIFE HISTORY OF THE MALE FERN 43 an
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CHAPTER III LIFE HISTORY OF A GYMNO
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LIFE HISTORY OF A GYMNOSPERM 47 rea
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LIFE HISTORY OF A GYMNOSPERM 49 or
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LIFE HISTORY OF A GYMNOSPERM PIG. 2
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CHAPTER IV LIFE HISTORY OF AN ANGIO
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LIFE HISTORY OF AN ANGIOSPERM 55 th
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LIFE HISTORY OF AN ANGIOSPERM 57 th
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LIFE HISTORY OF AN ANGIOSPERM 59 2.
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY granular-looking
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 63 Thermotropism
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY Geotropism is th
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 6 7 of Mimosa, O
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY Sometimes, as in
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 71 Free Cell For
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 73 iinin threads
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 75 sugar cane, s
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 77 Starch grains
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 79 CHARACTERISTC
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Compound grains more or less rod- s
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 3 10. Saponin, a
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 85 either corm o
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 87 4. Raphides C
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 8 9 19. Proteins
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 9 I Mucilage is
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 93 Balsams are m
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 95 differ from t
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VEGETABLE CYTOLOGY 97 tain function
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CHAPTER VI PLANT TISSUES A tissue i
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PLANT TISSUES IOI PARENCHYMA Parenc
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PLANT TISSUES 103 chyma in being us
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PLANT TISSUES 105 gated and more or
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PLANT TISSUES 3 FIG. 45. Trichomes
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PLANT TISSUES IOQ multicellular, no
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PLANT TISSUES III Laticiferous vess
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PLANT TISSUES walls of these tubes
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PLANT TISSUES Tracheae are classifi
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PLANT TISSUES 117 bium and phloem w
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PLANT TISSUES IIQ Xylem is that par
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CHAPTER VII PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANI
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 123 DIFF
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 125 Dico
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 127 epid
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 129 phlo
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 131 camb
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 133 bact
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 135 ceri
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 137 Euca
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 139 Ther
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fr PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 141 I
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 143 Grow
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 145 EXCE
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 147 grow
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 149 Hist
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 151 of s
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 153 Hist
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 155 THE
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 1 57 two
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 159 The
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 161 When
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Spatuldte, like a spatula, apex. Ex
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 165 Repa
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 167 Dura
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 169 inal
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 171 spac
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 173 numb
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 175 the
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 177 INFL
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 179 thes
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS l8l plan
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PLANT ORGANS AND" ORGANISMS 183 Whe
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 185 fami
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS i8 7 FIG
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 189 some
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 1 91 rar
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 193 with
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS IQ5 Tria
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 1 97 is
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 199 The
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 2OI grai
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layer. PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 2
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 205 Drup
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 207 A Sa
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 209 An U
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 211 Mult
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 213 Betw
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 215 of n
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PLANT ORGANS AND ORGANISMS 21 7 wit
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CHAPTER VIII TAXONOMY DIVISION I. T
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2. Flagella and endospores present
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TAXONOMY 223 Form of Cell Groups af
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TAXONOMY 225 handle permits the pla
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3. Reducing and Strengthening Bath:
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TAXONOMY 229 tered through the prot
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TAXONOMY 231 to more elevated bodie
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TAXONOMY 233 FIG. 112. Fofoo* globa
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TAXONOMY 235 streams, etc. Each fil
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TAXONOMY 237 ments arrange themselv
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TAXONOMY 239 ends of stalks, while
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TAXONOMY 241 plant is rejuvenated b
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TAXONOMY 243 develop into new Ectoc
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ceptacles. TAXONOMY 245 Within thes
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TAXONOMY 247 Rhodymenia palmata or
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TAXONOMY 249 bears upon its summit
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TAXONOMY 251 SUB-CLASS B. OOMYCETES
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TAXONOMY 253 This method of nutriti
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TAXONOMY 255 mences to form on the
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TAXONOMY 257 Penicillium glaucum (g
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TAXONOMY 259 The aerial hyphae bear
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TAXONOMY 261 fleshy drugs which hav
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TAXONOMY 263 called aspergillosis.
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TAXONOMY 265 saprophytic, living at
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TAXONOMY 267 ruptures, are discharg
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TAXONOMY 269 to one host or distrib
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TAXONOMY 2 7 I The teleutospores ar
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in the basidium being TAXONOMY 2 73
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TAXONOMY 275 "bricks" are put in th
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TAXONOMY 277 the surface of the gro
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TAXONOMY 279 constricts off usually
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TAXONOMY . 28l Lichens are found on
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TAXONOMY 283 SUBDIVISION I HEPATIC^
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TAXONOMY 285. body into distinct st
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TAXONOMY 287 stalk, and forms a foo
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'TAXONOMY 289 of branching roots be
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TAXONOMY 2 9 I wet season, and, mov
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TAXONOMY 293 periods than now. They
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Official drug Part used Terebinthin
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TAXONOMY 297 PIG. 163. Wheat plant
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TAXONOMY 299 ers generally hermaphr
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Unofficial drug Part used Botanical
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Official drug TAXONOMY 33
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TAXONOMY 305 VI. Order Orchidales.
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TAXONOMY 307 modified and fused wit
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TAXONOMY 309 Stems, and roots of se
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TAXONOMY enclosing a 'single uprigh
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TAXONOMY 313 filiform, free or conn
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Official drug Myrica N.F. Part used
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TAXONOMY 317 (petiole). The margins
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TAXONOMY 319 3-6 celled and each ce
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Official drug Serpentaria Asarum N.
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TAXONOMY 3 2 3 growing also in any
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TAXONOMY 3 2 5 (Columbine, Larkspur
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Official drug Part used Pulsatilla
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TAXONOMY 329 Myristicacea or Nutmeg
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TAXONOMY 331 ters. Flowers small, g
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TAXONOMY 333 numerous, anatropous,
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TAXONOMY 335 placenta. Fruit a caps
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TAXONOMY 337 Official drug Part use
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TAXONOMY 339 celled woody capsule d
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Unofficial drug Part used Cydonium
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Official drug Balsamum Peruvianum B
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TAXONOMY 345 to irregular pentamero
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TAXONOMY 347 which proceeds until,
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TAXONOMY 349 pentamerous, white, ye
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Official drug Xanthoxylum Bark Part
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TAXONOMY 353 stipulate, pinnately c
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TAXONOMY 355 Senega) or head (P. lu
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TAXONOMY 357 purple (Euonymus atrop
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TAXONOMY 359 palmately lobed, cleft
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TAXONOMY caducous, typically distin
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TAXONOMY 363 Tiliacea or Linden Fam
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Official drug Part used Althaea Roo
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TAXONOMY 367 Hypericacece or St. Jo
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TAXONOMY 369 a capsule with three v
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TAXONOMY 371 Echinocereus , etc.),
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TAXONOMY 373 PIG. 220. Eucalyptus g
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TAXONOMY 375 Flowers regular or ver
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TAXONOMY 377 Umbellifera or Parsley
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TAXONOMY 379 I. Order Ericales. Eri
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TAXONOMY 381 Styracea or Benzoin Fa
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TAXONOMY or exstipulate. Infloresce
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TAXONOMY latex tubes which ramify t
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TAXONOMY 387 woody, perennial climb
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TAXONOMY 389 rarely glabrous. Inflo
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TAXONOMY 391 nate, exstipulate, ent
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TAXONOMY 393 to greenish-yellow or
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TAXONOMY 395 more rarely whorled, e
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Official drug TAXONOMY 397
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TAXONOMY 399 Caprifoliacea or Honey
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TAXONOMY 401 palmate. Leaves thin,
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TAXONOMY 403 Inulin is present in c
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TAXONOMY 405 late or rarely bilabia
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Unofficial drug Part used Santonica
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ECOLOGY 409 spongy and the chloropl
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ECOLOGY 411 Mesophytes. These are p
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GLOSSARY 413 An'therozoid. A male s
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GLOSSARY 415 Cir'cinate. Rolled inw
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GLOSSARY 417 Dehis'cence. Splitting
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GLOSSARY 419 Evolu'tion. The presum
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Glume. A floral bract of the grasse
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In'tine. The inner coat of the poll
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GLOSSARY 425 which originates throu
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GLOSSARY Navic'ular. Boat-shaped. N
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GLOSSARY 429 Perfo'liate. Applied t
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GLOSSARY 431 Pollin'ium. A coherent
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GLOSSARY 433 Ra'mal. Pertaining to
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Se'ta. A bristle-like structure. Se
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GLOSSARY 437 Sycon'ium. The charact
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Tu'berous. Bearing or resembling tu
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Abies, 294 Abies balsamea, 295 exce
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Apocynaceae, 384 Apocynum, cannabin
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Borragineae, 388, 390 Boswellia car
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Cell walls, various kinds of and be
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Conducting parenchyma, 101 Conducti
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Dicotyl Seed, gross structure of, 2
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Family, 2 Farfara, N. F., 406 Fats,
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Ginkgoales, 4 Ginseng, 376 Ginseng
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Honduras Sarsaparilla, histology of
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Leaf apex, 163 ' - acuminate, 163 a
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Lippia lanceolata, 395 Liquidambar
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Mitosis, 71, 74 Mold, black, 248 bl
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Operculum, 287 Ophioglossales, 3 Op
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Physostigma, Fig. of, 345 venenosum
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Protoxylem, 127, 129, 143 Prune, 20
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Rumex, 321 acetosella, 321 crispus,
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Smilax, ornata, 303 Smuts, 267 Soap
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Stipule, defined, 168 Stipules, 1 6
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Trama, 275 Transpiration, 155 Stoma
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Zedoaria, 255 Ziehl's Carbol-fuchsi
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