Adjectives An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives ...

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Adjectives
1
An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can come
before the nouns they are modifying, or they can follow linking verbs.
The first movies were silent.
• First is an adjective that comes before the noun movies.
• Silent is also an adjective that describes movies, but it follows
the linking verb were.
Underline the adjectives in the sentences.
1. Imagine going to a big cinema.
2. You find a comfortable seat and watch the dark screen turn bright.
3. You expect the movie to be exciting.
4. It stars a handsome actor and a beautiful actress who are famous.
5. But when you see them on the huge screen, you do not hear human voices.
6. Silent movies explained the story with printed words on the screen.
7. As movies became popular, talking pictures were invented.
8. You had to be a good reader who was fast to watch a silent film.
9. Watching a foreign film from another country is a similar experience.
10. You read English words on the screen as the actors speak a different language.
22 Identifying Adjectives

Name
A preposition is used to show the relationship of a noun
or pronoun to another word. Prepositions can show position,
direction, or other relationships.
between around for from toward
across during through to inside
onto over before in under
I see a statue on the hill.
On tells where the statue is.
It stands beside a plaque with information.
Beside tells where the statue stands. With tells what the plaque has.
The field behind the statue is where a battle took place.
Behind tells where the field is.
Underline the prepositions in the sentences.
Prepositions
1
1. The Revolutionary War was fought between the American colonies and England.
2. Many colonists felt that living under English rule was unfair.
3. The English king across the Atlantic Ocean did not agree.
4. The American colonies provided raw materials for English factories.
5. The colonists bought English goods and paid taxes to the king.
6. The king held onto the colonies and would not listen to their demands.
7. Over time, the desire for independence grew stronger inside the colonies.
8. During the years before the war, anger toward the king increased.
9. All through the colonies, patriot leaders rallied people around them.
10. Finally, in 1776 the colonies declared their independence from England.
74 Identifying Prepositions

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Capitalize the first word in a sentence.
Too much junk food gave me a stomachache.
If you write someone’s exact words, capitalize the first word
in the quotation.
Maria said, “Drink some water, and take a rest.”
If there is a break in the sentence in a quotation, do not capitalize
the word that starts the next part of the quotation.
“Yes, get some sleep,” said Mrs. Gomez, “and you will feel better in no time.”
Read the sentences. Circle yes if the underlined word needs to be capitalized
and no if it doesn’t need to be capitalized.
Capitalization
1
1. the sleepover was planned for Friday night. yes no
2. “Let me know if you’re going,” said Bella, “because I’m not sure.” yes no
3. “I’m always tired afterwards,” said Bella, “so I have to think about it.” yes no
4. “so am I, but we can always catch up on sleep on Saturday night,” I said. yes no
Read the story. Circle the words that need to be capitalized.
my mother is a doctor. she works hard to help people stay healthy. one
day, she had to take time off. we went to traffic court to challenge a parking
ticket. “Dr. Franklin,” the judge said, “what is your problem with this ticket?”
“well, Judge Morita,” she answered, “I think that Officer Iyo made a
mistake when he wrote the ticket.”
“but it says you parked by a fire hydrant.”
“yes, Judge,” my mom said, “but there is no fire hydrant at the corner
of Smith and Elm Streets.”
the judge cried, “you’re right, doctor! I’m parked there right now. Case
dismissed!”
Beginning of a Sentence 109

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Statements and most commands end with a period (.).
It is very important to eat a good breakfast.
Please bring me some cereal.
Interrogative sentences end with a question mark (?).
What did you have for breakfast?
Exclamatory sentences and strong commands end with
an exclamation point (!).
This oatmeal is the best I have ever tasted!
Run for your life!
Write the name of the punctuation mark needed for each sentence.
1. You may have eggs or cereal for breakfast
2. Do we have any bacon
3. No, but we do have sausage
4. That’s my favorite
5. Please give me two fried eggs
6. Will you have eggs, Olivia
7. I hate eggs
8. Fix me a bowl of granola, please
9. Am I late for school
10. No, sit down and eat
Punctuation
1
End of Sentences 127

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A contraction is a shortened form of two words. A contraction
uses an apostrophe in place of the missing letter or letters.
have + not = haven’t
they + would = they’d
I + will = I’ll
Match each set of words with its contraction. Write the letter on the line.
1. could not a. they’re
2. does not b. we’ve
3. he will c. he’ll
4. we have d. haven’t
5. they are e. doesn’t
6. have not f. couldn’t
In the sentences below, look for the contractions that need apostrophes.
Write the words correctly.
7. Youd be surprised by how long we have been on this bus.
8. If I didnt know better, I would say that we are lost.
9. We wouldnt be lost if we had paid more attention.
10. Isnt Tanya’s house near the grocery store?
Punctuation
15
144 Apostrophes in Contractions

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Be careful not to confuse subject and object pronouns.
• Subject pronouns should be used as the subject of a sentence or clause.
I you he she it we they
Incorrect Him and me play in the orchestra
Correct He and I play in the orchestra.
• Object pronouns take the place of a word or group of words that are
the object of a verb or a preposition.
Complete each sentence correctly.
me you him her it us them
Incorrect Ms. Winters gave lessons to he and she.
Correct Ms. Winters gave lessons to him and her.
1. The students auditioned for .
2. Ms. Winters asked to hear .
3. She gave and me some sheet music to read.
4. Connor and played a duet.
5. sounded good together.
Correct the pronoun errors in this paragraph.
Evan and me play guitar together. We practice every Saturday. My
Usage
1
mother taught he and I to play. Sometimes her watches us practice and gives
us advice. It helps Evan and I. My little sister and me sit down with the guitar
sometimes. Tomorrow she’s going to play for Mom and I.
Subject or Object Pronouns 149

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Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings.
slowly—quickly, rapidly, hurriedly, speedily, swiftly
whisper—scream, yell, holler, shout, screech
kind—nasty, mean, awful, cruel, miserly
sad—happy, thrilled, delighted, beaming, joyous
Write an antonym for each word.
1. gloomy
2. energetic
3. cowardly
4. wisely
5. difficult
6. insulted
7. polite
8. feast
Write a sentence for each antonym. Tell about movies or TV shows
you’ve watched recently. Be sure to underline titles.
Vocabulary
11
9. (exciting) ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
10. (boring) _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Antonyms 169

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Vocabulary
20
Often you can tell a word’s meaning by looking at the other words
and groups of words around it.
The solution was obvious. Everyone saw it.
Obvious means “everyone can see it.”
Read each sentence. Then write what the underlined word means.
1. Frankie had never been so distracted. She couldn’t keep her mind on her work.
The word distracted means .
2. The routine she had repeated over and over was slipping away.
The word routine means .
3. She had practiced her scales diligently, never forgetting to do them.
The word diligently means .
4. With trepidation, Frankie sat down to play, fearful that people wouldn’t like her playing.
The word trepidation means .
5. The audience applauded Frankie enthusiastically after she played, cheering her on.
The word enthusiastically means .
6. The concert increased Frankie’s determination to continue her playing. Nothing was
going to stop her.
The word determination means .
180 Word Meaning (context)