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Ecology of dinoflagellates<br />
Can be very important primary producers in both lakes and oceans<br />
Many dinoflagellates occur as symbionts inside animals eg corals or sponges<br />
Can cause toxic blooms, eg red tides, usually in estuaries—shellfish poisoning<br />
Very motile can usually maintain their position in the water column if they remain<br />
near the thermocline where turbulence is not too great<br />
Can produce bioluminescence in response to disturbance of the water column or<br />
predators.<br />
Many species are heterotrophic and mainly live by ingesting bacteria (phagocytosis),<br />
many such species have little chlorophyll.