lal t'l - ePrints@USM

Angka Giliran:
UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
Peperiksaan Semester Pertama
Sidang Akademik 1997 198
September 1997
HET 306 - Fonetik dan Fonolosi
Masa: [3jam]
THIS EXAMINATION PAPER CONTAINS TEN I1OI QUESTIONS IN TWENTY ONE
t2u PAGES.
Answer ALL TEN [10] questions in both sections.
Questions I,2,3,4, 5 and 6 in Section A are to be answered in these sheets and questions 7, t, g
and 10 are to be answered in the answer booklets.
Section A
l. Give a complete phonetic description for the following phonetic symbols.
lal t'l
tbl
lcl
tol
6t
773
.../2

L74
Angka Giliran:
[5 marks]

'
2.
Fill in the blank with appropriate/accurate word or words'
-3- IHET 306l
Angka Giliran:
Ia] Access to the nasal cavlty is controlled by the valve-like behaviour of an organ
called
tbl
lcl
tdl
lel
Iq
tsl
thl
til
til
closure at any
is produced by the formation and rapid release of a complete
po.t ur the vocal tract from the glottis to the lips'
An
is an articulation in which the constriction is normally
great€r than in vowels, but ttot great enough to produce turbulence at the pomt ooint of
constriction.
refers to the projection of soft tissue and muscle at the midline
&the posterior termination of the velum'
@
@the
constriction is formed inthe vocal tract'
mouth has a convex contour, to the start of the smooth
,ulur" of the hard palate where the roof of the mouth begins to become concave'
When two different forms are identical in everyway except for one segment that
occurs in the same place in the frame, the two words are called
Where a phoneme has more than one variant, it may be said to consist of a set of
allophones which are in
#;:i"*"#?'f;"l,:ffi"if' ffn
resonant sort of imPression
plosion.
their neutrar vocar
refers collectively to all sounds that gives a
as well as the complete absence of audible friction or
175
[5 marks]
...14

-4-
Angka Giliran:
3. State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
[a] Sounds produced with the trp of the tongue are called
laminals.
tbl
lcl
tdl
lel
tfl
lgl
thl
lil
til
Uvular is a continuum of the roof of the mouth,
posterior to the bony structue of the hard palate.
When two sounds have the same place of articulation,
they are said to be homorganic.
The term accent is sometimes used to refer either
to prominence in a general way or more specifically to
the emphasis placed on certain syllables.
Trills are dynamic articulations in which there is a verv
brief occlusion in the vocal tract.
The term Phonotactics refers to t}e general description
of sequences and combinations.
In oral segments, the velum is held in a raised
position, making a velic closure.
The airstream mechanism which uses the tongue to trap
air in the mouth is referred to velaric airstream mechanism.
Sounds made with a glottalic ingressive airstream
mechanism are called ejectives.
ln lateral plosion, the air escapes through the
nasal cavity.
176
IFrET 3061
[5 marks]
...tJ

I
il
o
4.
Angka Giliran:
IHET 3061
[a] Complete the following diagrams to illustrate an articulation at each of the six
different places of articulation given.
t il labio'velar
t iil pharyngeal
ti!| Labiodental
V\
177
-5-
[6 marks]
...t6

[iv] Palato-alveolar
I v] Uvular
I vi] Retroflex
178
5-
-6- IHET 3061
Angka Giliran:
...t7

Angka Giliran:
IHET 3061
tbl Write the phonetic symbol for the sound between the brackets next to the
appropriate drawing,
ti1
t iil
tiiil
I1
I]
-7 -
179
[4 marks]

180
IHET 3061

181
Angka Giliran:

Angka Giliran:
IHET 306l
). [a] The diagram below illustrates the sequence of nasal airflow. Fill in the blanks.
182
[5 marks]

83
[HET 306]

tbl
Iil
-12- F{ET 3061
Angka Giliran:
The diagram below illustrates the sequence of movements in the production of:
til bilabial ejective [ii] Bilabial click
Fill in the blanks.
Bilabial ejective
I8 {l
[0 marksJ
...113

1'85
Angka Giliran:
IHET 3061

liil Bilabial click
186
Angka Giliran:
lHEr 3061

787
Angka Giliran:
IHET 3061

6.
Consider the following data:
Singular
cat
book
month
cub
game
dog
baby
city
-16-
Plural
cats
books
months
cubs
games
dogs
babies
cities
(a) Account for the realisation of English suffix in the data above:
(b) Explain the phonological conditioning of the suffix in the data'
188
Angka Giliran:
IFrET 306]
[3 marks]
...tr7

tbl
Consider the following data from British English.
lli:pl leap
[eik] lake
[u:m] loom
[fi:+] feel
tfe*l fell
[pu:*] pool
[bli:p] bleep
[glu:m] gloom
[salekt] select
fte*dl held
lsott] salt
[o*rait] alright
-17 - IFrET 3061
Angka Giliran:
[2 marks]
In British English, clear I I ] and dark [ * ]are in complimentary distribution. What is the
distribution of these two sounds?
[c] Consider the following data from Luganda (Uganda) [3 marks]
m-bala
m-pa
m-mala
ndaga
n-sika
n-neJra
Iil
I count
I give
I finish
I show
I pull
I blame
n-tema
1-lagala
Jr-Jumya
l-coppa
t1-kola
IJ-gula
Determine the direction of assimilation.
189
I cut
I like
I converse
I become destitute
I work
I buy
.../18

Explain the realisation of nasal sounds in Luganda.
190
Angka Giliran:
I HET 306]

tdl
1.
-19- IHET 3061
Angka Giliran:
State the phonological rules to show the changes that have taken place in the following
statements.
[2 marks]
An alveolar stop becomes a voiced flap when it occurs between two vowels, the second
of which is unstressed.
2. Vowels are lengthened when they preceed voiced consonants.
3. Voiceless stop are aspirated before stressed vowels at the beginning of a word.
4. Vowels are nasalised before nasal consonants.
191
...t20

J,92

a
SECTION B [50 marks]
Answer ALL the questions in this Section.
8.
-20 - [{ET 306]
Angka Giliran:
7 . Explain the term glottis. Give an account of the Four major states of the glottis. Illustrate
with diagrams and examples.
Describe the main stages of plosive articulation.
classified by articulatorv criteria.
9. Write shortnotes on any FI- (5) ofthe following:
t il Obstruent and Sonorant
t iil Complimentary Distribution and Contrastive Distribution
tiiil Monophthomgs and Diphthongs
[iv] Cardinal Vowel System
I v] Palatalisation and labialisation
tvil Contrastive and emphatic stress
193
[10 marks]
Show how plosive consonants are
[10 marks]
[20 marks]
...121

-2t -
Angka Giliran:
10. Transcribe the following passage using regular English spelling.
'tus 'tlrm 6e 'bl bl 'si 'eent e 'Lo te L''lekt nrl, rt 'clmaust 'keptJad
6e 'mg ,E!nr te pro'vent 0a 'drarve 'luzrg rtnself m e 'teqlgl av
'Linrr;'leruz, 0e 'roudovu t?tz 'tl8tn '0ab pl '8m et 0a 'leukl' on e
,prtt 'bhk, .st1Et 'wmtoz 'nlrl, al br'gcn te get 'cpJag ez 0e 'klok
'Lrept trdz 'tco. oen da 'tendbd 's,rd1lt 'bcr.;d lz 'brou on scd 0e'woz
,^trrrr- 'csklg fe uuslt 'raton onrt I waz 'scnt 'doun 0o 'rcud to 0c
'lod5.
ei ,hrnd e'LroS le tce nrrsla 'rtton, 'nllsufald etrd e;rn'hctlslvr woz
bhX 'buhd cut eY 'bed. cz al 'enlad, el 'ltsd 0a 'dratvo 'sct, 'rls 'not
fa iu ta 'neu 'w!t' wcn 0a 'bi bl 'sl 'kalz fe 'iu, fuv d5'tst 'gnl to 'k'rm'
tt 'mer bi 'Ots utr 'latf'
's,rtJ lz 6a 'pcla ev oouz 'rtrcrtld I'nltlz 'stt! tn 'ruorl 'l'glond, rf at
had e irarl a ,rnrut .lcrta, nuste 'mron ryud ov btn 'rvtskt 'pf tc 'fornd
rmself at 'nrdnut dts'ktstp 'god wlO 'ntclkarn 'm'rgrtdS'
I94
- ooooOoooo -
IHET 3061
[10 marks]