Introduction to Agricultural Mites (Acari) Dr. Cal Welbourn
Introduction to Agricultural Mites (Acari) Dr. Cal Welbourn
Introduction to Agricultural Mites (Acari) Dr. Cal Welbourn
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<strong>Introduction</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Agricultural</strong> <strong>Mites</strong><br />
(<strong>Acari</strong>)<br />
<strong>Dr</strong>. <strong>Cal</strong> <strong>Welbourn</strong><br />
Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services<br />
Division of Plant Industry
Dinothrombium tinc<strong>to</strong>rum<br />
Berlese Alphabet
<strong>Mites</strong> are:<br />
• Not Insects<br />
• Arachnids<br />
– chelate mouth parts<br />
– four pairs of walking legs<br />
– two segmented body<br />
(gnathosoma & idiosoma)<br />
– Life cycle (egg-pl-l-n1-n2-n3-ad)<br />
• Large Group<br />
– 50,000+ species with up <strong>to</strong> a million<br />
more <strong>to</strong> be discovered and<br />
described<br />
• Ancient<br />
– Some living mites can trace their<br />
ances<strong>to</strong>rs back <strong>to</strong> the Devonian (350<br />
million ybp)<br />
house dust mite
MITE CLASSIFICATION<br />
Phylym: ARTHROPODA<br />
Subphylum: Chelicerata<br />
Class: Arachnida<br />
Subclass: <strong>Acari</strong><br />
Superorder: Parasitiformes (=Anactinotrichida)<br />
Order: Opilioacarida (=No<strong>to</strong>stigmata)<br />
Order: Holothyrida<br />
Order: Ixodida<br />
Order: Mesostigmata<br />
Superorder: <strong>Acari</strong>formes (=Actinotrichida)<br />
Order: Trombidiformes<br />
Suborder Spherolichida<br />
Suborder Prostigmata<br />
Order: Sarcoptiformes<br />
Suborder Endeostigmata<br />
Suborder Oribatida<br />
(includes Astigmata)
<strong>Mites</strong> are:<br />
• Everywhere:<br />
– Tropical rain forests, deserts, Antarctica, beach<br />
sand, caves, deep soil & hot springs
<strong>Mites</strong> are:<br />
• Everywhere:<br />
USDA Pho<strong>to</strong><br />
– Tropical rain forests, deserts, Antarctica,<br />
deep soil & hot springs<br />
– Most plants and animals have mites that live<br />
on and/or feed on them<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong> by John Hallman
What is the only Arthropod <strong>to</strong> travel<br />
<strong>to</strong> the surface of the moon and<br />
back?
What is the only Arthropod <strong>to</strong><br />
travel <strong>to</strong> the surface of the moon<br />
and back?<br />
Demodex folliculorum<br />
(human follicle mite)
What mites do?<br />
• Scavenger/Fungivores<br />
USDA Pho<strong>to</strong>
What mites do?<br />
• Scavenger/Fungivores<br />
• Preda<strong>to</strong>rs
What mites do?<br />
• Scavenger/Fungivores<br />
• Preda<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
• Parasites<br />
USDA Pho<strong>to</strong>
What mites do?<br />
• Scavenger/Fungivores<br />
• Preda<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
• Parasites<br />
• Plant Feeders<br />
USDA Pho<strong>to</strong>s
What do mites do?
TETRANYCHIDAE<br />
SPIDER MITES
Tetranychidae<br />
(spider mites)<br />
• 71 genera 1,300+ species<br />
• Feed on leaves, stems & fruit on many plants<br />
– Rounded, 0.3 – 0.8 mm long<br />
– Red, green, yellow, orange etc.<br />
– Feeding damage:<br />
• Yellowing <strong>to</strong> bronzing<br />
• defoliation
Female Male
DUPLEX SETAE
TENUIPALPIDAE<br />
(Flat <strong>Mites</strong>)
Tenuipalpidae<br />
• 34 genera 891+ species<br />
• Feed on leaves, stems & fruit on many plants<br />
– Flat & oval, 0.25 – 0.35 mm long<br />
– Brownish red in color<br />
– Feeding damage:<br />
• White or gray spots on leaves<br />
• Yellowing <strong>to</strong> bronzing<br />
• Leaf curling<br />
• Defoliation
• Palps linear<br />
TENUIPALPIDAE
USDA Pho<strong>to</strong>s<br />
• Palps linear<br />
TENUIPALPIDAE<br />
• Palpal tibia without spinelike<br />
seta<br />
• Palpal segments often<br />
reduced
• Palps linear<br />
TENUIPALPIDAE<br />
• Palpal tibia without spinelike seta<br />
• Palpal segmets often reduced<br />
• Prodorsum with 3 pairs of setae & 2<br />
pairs of eyes
• Palps linear<br />
• Palpal tibia without spinelike seta<br />
• Palpal segments often reduced<br />
• Prodorsum with 3 pairs of setae &<br />
2 pairs of eyes<br />
• Dorsal opisthosoma with a<br />
maximum of 13 pairs of setae<br />
(f 1 & h 3 absent)<br />
TENUIPALPIDAE
• Palps linear<br />
TENUIPALPIDAE<br />
• Palpal tibia without spinelike seta<br />
• Palpal segmets often reduced<br />
• Prodorsum with 3 pairs of setae & 2 pairs of eyes<br />
• Dorsal opisthosoma with a maximum of 13 pairs of setae (f 1 & h 3<br />
absent)<br />
• Female genital aperature “transverse”, often covered by a plate
TENUIPALPIDAE<br />
• Palps linear<br />
• Palpal tibia without spinelike seta<br />
• Palpal segmets often reduced<br />
• Prodorsum with 3 pairs of setae & 2 pairs of eyes<br />
• Dorsal opisthosoma with a maximum of 13 pairs of<br />
setae (f 1 & h 3 absent)<br />
• Male genitalia with accessory genital stylets flanking<br />
an aedaegus<br />
• Tarsi legs I & II each with 1 or 2 apical<br />
ω<br />
• No duplex sets
Brevipalpus phoenicis<br />
ft<br />
tc<br />
p<br />
Raoiella indica<br />
u<br />
ω
TENUIPALPIDAE<br />
• All pretarsi with<br />
clawlike claws and<br />
padlike empodium<br />
with tenent hairs<br />
Raoiella indica<br />
Brevipalpus phoenicis
Tenuipalpidae<br />
B. californicus B. phoenicis B. obovatus<br />
Brevipalpus Plant Hosts<br />
Brevipalpus Families Genera Species<br />
californicus 33 67 316<br />
obovatus 55 119 451<br />
phoenicis 64 118 486<br />
From: Childers et al 2003
Brevipalpus phoenicis<br />
B. lewisi<br />
B. obovatus<br />
B. californicus<br />
Slide by Ron Ochoa, USDA
More than<br />
1000<br />
host plants<br />
reported<br />
viruses<br />
5 so far ?
iseases transmitted by Brevipalpus mites: vec<strong>to</strong>r species,<br />
geographical distribution and cy<strong>to</strong>pathology<br />
(from Kitajima et al. 2000)<br />
Disease<br />
Geographical<br />
distribution<br />
Citrus leprosis Americas<br />
Mite Vec<strong>to</strong>r Cy<strong>to</strong>pathology*<br />
B. phoenicis, B. obovatus,<br />
B. californicus<br />
Orchid fleck Worldwide B. californicus N, C<br />
Ligustrum ringspot South America B. phoenicis, B. obovatus C<br />
Coffee ringspot Brazil B. phoenicis N<br />
Passion fruit green spot Brazil B. phoenicis C<br />
Hibiscus green spot Brazil, Panama B. phoenicis C<br />
Hibiscus chlorotic spot Brazil Not determined N<br />
Malvaviscus ringspot Brazil B. phoenicis N<br />
Ivy green spot Brazil B. phoenicis C<br />
Schefflera ringspot Brazil B. phoenicis C<br />
Clerodendron chlorotic spot Brazil B. phoenicis N<br />
Clerodendron green spot Brazil Not determined C<br />
Solanum violaefolium ringspot Brazil B. phoenicis C<br />
Viola chlorotic spot Australia Not determined N<br />
* N = nuclear type; C = cy<strong>to</strong>plasmic type<br />
N, C
Citrus Leprosis
Citrus Leprosis
Brevipalpaus B. phoenicis<br />
B. phoenicis<br />
B. trinidadensis
Pentamerismus oregonensis<br />
Brevipalpus phoenicis
Adult<br />
Feeds on various palms<br />
Tenuipalpus dasples<br />
Nymph
Red Palm Mite<br />
Raoiella indica<br />
LT SEM Compound microscope Live mite (♀)<br />
Tenuipalpidae (Tetranychoidea)<br />
(<strong>Acari</strong>: <strong>Acari</strong>formes)<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong> by USDA, ARS
Old World Distribution of<br />
Raoiella indica Hirst 1924<br />
Coimba<strong>to</strong>re, India
Flechtmann & Etienne 2004<br />
Martinque<br />
2004
?<br />
Palm Beach Gardens<br />
(Palm Beach County)<br />
11/29/2007<br />
?
Raoiella indica<br />
larva<br />
egg<br />
female<br />
male nymph<br />
USDA Pho<strong>to</strong>
USDA Pho<strong>to</strong><br />
male<br />
deu<strong>to</strong>nymph<br />
deu<strong>to</strong>nymph<br />
Tetranychidae<br />
Adult male Raoiella indica guarding an immature female<br />
male
USDA Ph
Red Palm Mite Damage<br />
• Feed through the s<strong>to</strong>mata<br />
• Feed only on monocots<br />
• 2-3 month bronzing<br />
• Symp<strong>to</strong>ms apparent<br />
on lower leaves<br />
Ron Ochoa- ARS<br />
Russel Duncan- USDA<br />
Amy Roda- CPHST<br />
Russel Duncan- USDA
Recognizing R. indica Damage<br />
Non-infested<br />
Amy Roda - CPHST<br />
No Red Palm Mite<br />
Infested Non-infested<br />
Bob Balaam –PPQ<br />
Red Palm Mite<br />
Amy Roda- CPHST<br />
Nutrition? Insects?
Adults<br />
Exuviae<br />
Eggs & larvae
RED PALM MITE HOSTS<br />
Palms<br />
Scientific Name Common Name(s)<br />
Acoelorraphe wrightii Everglades palm<br />
Adonidia merrilli (=Veitchia) Manila palm, Christmas palm<br />
Aiphanes caryotifolia<br />
Aiphanes spp.<br />
coyure palm, ruffle palm<br />
Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix alexandrae Alexander palm, king palm<br />
Areca catechu<br />
Areca spp.<br />
betel nut palm<br />
Bactris plumeriana<br />
coco macaco, prickly pole<br />
Beccariophoenix<br />
madagascariensis<br />
giant windowpane palm<br />
Bismarckia nobilis<br />
Bismarck palm<br />
Butia capitata<br />
pindo palm, jelly palm<br />
Caryota mitis<br />
fishtail palm<br />
Chamaedorea spp.<br />
chamaedorea palm<br />
Coccothrinax miraguama Miraguama palm<br />
Cocos nucifera<br />
coconut palm<br />
Corypha umbraculifeera<br />
Dictyosperma album<br />
talipot palm<br />
Dypsis decaryi<br />
Dypsis lutescens<br />
triangle palm<br />
Elaeis guineensis<br />
butterfly African oil palm palm<br />
Licuala grandis<br />
licuala palm, ruffled fan palm<br />
Multiple crown palm, ruffle palm<br />
princess palm, hurricane palm<br />
areca palm, golden cane palm,<br />
Livis<strong>to</strong>na chinensis Chinese fan palm<br />
Phoenix canariensis Canary Islands date palm<br />
Phoenix dactylifera date palm<br />
Phoenix reclinata<br />
Senegal date palm<br />
Phoenix roebelenii pygmy date palm, roebelenii palm<br />
Pritchardia pacifica Fiji fan palm<br />
Pseudophoenix sargentii buccaneer palm<br />
Pseudophoenix vinifera cacheo, katié<br />
Ptychosperma elegans solitaire palm, Alexander palm<br />
Ptychosperma macarthurii Macarthur palm<br />
Rhapis excelsa<br />
lady palm, bamboo palm<br />
Roys<strong>to</strong>nea borinquena Puer<strong>to</strong> Rico royal palm<br />
Roys<strong>to</strong>nia regia<br />
Florida royal palm<br />
Schippia concolor<br />
silver pimen<strong>to</strong> palm<br />
Syagrus romanzoffiana queen palm<br />
Syagrus schizophylla arikury palm<br />
Thrinax radiata<br />
Florida thatch palm<br />
Veitchia spp.<br />
Manila palm<br />
Washing<strong>to</strong>nia filifera fan palm<br />
Washing<strong>to</strong>nia robusta Mexican fan palm<br />
Wodyetia bifurcata foxtail palm
Raoiella indica Hirst 1924<br />
Family Scinetific Name Common Name(s)<br />
Heliconiaceae Heliconia psittacorum L. f. parrot flower<br />
Heliconiaceae Heliconia caribaea Lam. wild plantain<br />
Heliconiaceae Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pavon lobster claw heliconia<br />
Heliconiaceae Heliconia bihai (L.) L. Macaw flower<br />
Pandanaceae Pandanus utilis Bory screw pine<br />
Strelitziaceae Strelitzia reginae Banks ex <strong>Dr</strong>yard bird of paradise, crane flower<br />
Strelitziaceae Ravenala madagascariensis traveler’s tree<br />
Zingiberaceae Etlingera elatior (Jack.) M. Sm. (=Nicolaia) red <strong>to</strong>rch ginger<br />
Zingiberaceae Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum red ginger, jungle king/queen<br />
Parrot Flower (Heliconia psittacorum)<br />
Ron Ochoa- ARS
Acoelorraphe<br />
Adonidia<br />
Aiphanes<br />
Archon<strong>to</strong>phoenix<br />
Bactris<br />
Beccariophoenix<br />
Bismarckia<br />
Butia<br />
Caryota<br />
Chamaedorea<br />
Coccothrinax<br />
Cocos<br />
Corypha<br />
Dictyosperma<br />
Dypsis<br />
Elaeis<br />
Licuala<br />
Livis<strong>to</strong>na<br />
Phoenix<br />
Pritchardia<br />
Pseudophoenix<br />
Ptychosperma<br />
Rhapis<br />
Roys<strong>to</strong>nea<br />
Schippia<br />
Syagrus<br />
Thrinax<br />
Veitchia<br />
Washing<strong>to</strong>nia<br />
Red Palm Mite Palm Hosts<br />
(Genera)
Amy Roda- CPHST<br />
Raoiella indica Hirst 1924<br />
Musaceae Hosts<br />
Family Scinetific Name Common Name(s)<br />
Musaceae Musa acuminata Colla edible banana, plantain<br />
Musaceae Musa balbisiana Colla wild banana<br />
Musaceae Musa uranoscopus Lour red-flowering banana<br />
Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca L.<br />
(=Musa sapientum L.)<br />
Musaceae Musa corniculata Rumph. red banana<br />
edible banana, plantain<br />
Musaceae Musa spp. banana, plantain
- Preda<strong>to</strong>ry mites<br />
- Beetles (Coccinellidae)<br />
- Lacewings<br />
- Thrips<br />
- Parasitic fungus<br />
- Chemicals<br />
Red Palm Mite Control<br />
Ron Ochoa-ARS Pho<strong>to</strong> by J. Beard
Raoiella<br />
indica<br />
Tetranychus<br />
cocosi<br />
RED PALM MITE VS SPIDER MITE<br />
Not <strong>to</strong> same scale<br />
red eggs<br />
no webbing<br />
pale yellow <strong>to</strong><br />
clear eggs<br />
webbing
Deerfield Beach, FL<br />
August, 2008<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>s by:<br />
Ron Ochoa USDA<br />
Spreading red palm<br />
mites in Florida<br />
The primary dispersal<br />
mode for the RPM is on<br />
infested plant material<br />
and the wind.<br />
BUT<br />
The RPM can be carried <strong>to</strong><br />
new sites on the clothes of<br />
people working on and<br />
around infested palms.
Pathways for the red palm mite<br />
TRAVELERS<br />
Airline passengers<br />
Cruise ships<br />
Private Yachts<br />
WIND/HURRICANES<br />
PLANTS & PLANT MATERIAL<br />
Flower arrangements<br />
Potted material<br />
Non-host plants<br />
Seed coconuts<br />
Key West palm frond weavers
Spinacus pagonis
Eriophyoidea<br />
• Diptilmioptidae, Eriophyidae, & Phy<strong>to</strong>ptidae<br />
• 400 genera 4,125+ species<br />
– 60+ genera & 189+ species in Florida<br />
• Feed on leaves, stems & fruit on many plants<br />
– Rounded, 0.1 – 0.25 mm long<br />
– White, pale pink <strong>to</strong> pale yellow<br />
– Biological con<strong>to</strong>l<br />
• Aceria chondrillae<br />
• Aceria malherbae<br />
• Aculus hyperici<br />
• Phyllocoptes fructiphilus<br />
– Feeding damage:<br />
• None, galls, erineum, witches broom<br />
• Rusts, leaf curling, defoliation<br />
• Virus transmission
Spinacus pagonis
Trisetacus floridanus<br />
Phyllocoptes bouganvilleae
Aceria hibisci (Nalepa)<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong> by G. Hodges, DPI<br />
Is this mite the next threat <strong>to</strong> Florida agriculture?<br />
Aceria hibisci is currently known from Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. Claude, Martinique,<br />
Jamaica and Puer<strong>to</strong> Rico.
Aceria sp. gall<br />
on Prunus<br />
Aceria zelkoviana
Aceria guerreronis<br />
Aceria chrysophylli Eriophyes buceras
Aceria pallida<br />
Aceria sp.
Tuckerellidae
Tarsonemidae<br />
• 31 genera 300+ species<br />
– 17 genera & 63+ species in Florida<br />
• Fourth pair of legs not used for walking<br />
• Feed on fungi, algae, leaves, stems & fruits<br />
– Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Stenotarsoneums spinki,<br />
Phy<strong>to</strong>nemus pallidus<br />
– Rounded, 0.1 – 0.3 mm long<br />
– Whitish <strong>to</strong> yellow<br />
– Feeding damage:<br />
• None, Malformed leaves<br />
• Discolored fruit<br />
• Defoliation
Polyphagotarsonemus latus<br />
Broad mite<br />
Broad mite feeding damage
USDA Pho<strong>to</strong><br />
Polyphagotarsonemus latus<br />
BROAD MITE
DORSAL VIEW<br />
Polyphagotarsonemus<br />
latus<br />
Tarsonemus sp.
Polyphagotarsonemus Tarsonemus spp.<br />
latus<br />
Empodium leg I
VENTRAL VIEW<br />
Polyphagotarsonemus<br />
latus<br />
Tarsonemus spp.
Stenotarsonemus spinki<br />
Rice panicle mite<br />
(PRM)<br />
Pest of Oryza sativa<br />
Asia 1930’s<br />
Caribbean 1990’s<br />
Central America 2004<br />
USA (TX, LA, AR) 2007*<br />
* CAPS survey in 2008 did not find the RPM in Florida
Acarapis woodi<br />
USDA Pho<strong>to</strong>s
Pho<strong>to</strong> by: USDA
Preda<strong>to</strong>r mites on Plants<br />
Phy<strong>to</strong>seiidae phy<strong>to</strong>seiid mites<br />
2,250 ± spp. in 65 genera<br />
-classification confusing<br />
Live primarily on plants<br />
Fast moving preda<strong>to</strong>rs
Phtyoseiidae<br />
2,250 ± spp. in 65± genera<br />
-classification confusing<br />
Live primarily on plants<br />
Fast moving preda<strong>to</strong>rs of mites and small insects
Life cycle of typical Phy<strong>to</strong>seiidae<br />
(27°C 70%RH)<br />
From: Yaninek et. al., 1989
Preda<strong>to</strong>r mites on Plants<br />
Stigmaeidae stigmaeid mites<br />
More common in perennial plants<br />
Importance increases with the decrease in pesticides<br />
Agistemus spp.<br />
-prey includes eriophyids & spider mites<br />
Zetzellia spp.<br />
-important preda<strong>to</strong>r on apple trees
Preda<strong>to</strong>r mites on Plants<br />
Ascidae ascid mites<br />
Blattisocius spp.<br />
- s<strong>to</strong>red products<br />
Arc<strong>to</strong>seius spp<br />
- cultivated mushrooms<br />
Lasioseius spp.<br />
- preda<strong>to</strong>r of Stenotarsonemus<br />
spinki in China<br />
- preda<strong>to</strong>r of Rhizoglyphus spp.<br />
- nema<strong>to</strong>des
Preda<strong>to</strong>r mites on Plants<br />
Cheyletidae cheyletid mites<br />
Cheyletus eruditus<br />
- preda<strong>to</strong>r in s<strong>to</strong>red products<br />
Hemicheyletia bakeri<br />
- preda<strong>to</strong>r on plants<br />
Chele<strong>to</strong>gens ornatus<br />
- preda<strong>to</strong>r on scale insects
Other Preda<strong>to</strong>r mites on<br />
Plants<br />
Bdellidae snout mites<br />
Bdelloides lapidaria<br />
- preda<strong>to</strong>r of Sminthurus viridis<br />
in Australia<br />
Neomolgus capillatus<br />
- preda<strong>to</strong>r of S. viridis in Australia<br />
Bdella depressa, B. distincta, B. longicornis<br />
- general preda<strong>to</strong>rs
Preda<strong>to</strong>r mites on Plants<br />
Anystidae whirligig mites<br />
Anystis spp.<br />
- general preda<strong>to</strong>r on plants<br />
A. agilis<br />
- general preda<strong>to</strong>r<br />
A. wallacei<br />
- introduced in<strong>to</strong> Australia in 1965; after 3 years reduced red-legged<br />
earth mites (Halotydeus destruc<strong>to</strong>r) by 20-80% (Wallace, 1981); 1990<br />
population reduced by over 50% (Michael et al., 1991)
Preda<strong>to</strong>r mites on Plants<br />
Erythraeidae erythraeid mites<br />
Balaustium spp.<br />
- general preda<strong>to</strong>r on plants<br />
- also feeds on pollen<br />
Lasioerythraeus johns<strong>to</strong>ni<br />
- parasite & preda<strong>to</strong>r of Lygus lineolaris
Parasitic/Preda<strong>to</strong>r mites<br />
Trombidiidae trombidiid or<br />
velvet mites<br />
Allothrombium spp.<br />
- parasite & preda<strong>to</strong>r of aphids<br />
in China<br />
- also found in USA, but not common<br />
on agricultural plants
A Parasite of Insects<br />
Pyemotidae Pyemotid mites<br />
Pyemotes tritici<br />
- parasite of insects<br />
- physogastric female<br />
- straw itch mite<br />
Pyemotes herfsi<br />
-problem in Midwest in 2004<br />
& Chicago area in 2007
Other Common <strong>Mites</strong> on Plants<br />
Tydeidae tydeid mites<br />
Fungivores<br />
- control molds on leaves<br />
Phy<strong>to</strong>phagous<br />
- feed on pollen & leaves<br />
Preda<strong>to</strong>r<br />
- preda<strong>to</strong>r on eriophyids &<br />
maybe other mites<br />
Alternate prey for other preda<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
Domatia
Scavengers & Fungus Feeders<br />
<strong>Acari</strong>dae s<strong>to</strong>red product mites<br />
Glycyphagidae glycyphagid mites<br />
Oribatida<br />
(150+ families)<br />
oribatid mites<br />
Pyropgyphidae house dust mites
Parasitic <strong>Mites</strong> on Honey Bees<br />
Tarsonemidae<br />
(Acarapis sp.)<br />
Varroidae varroa mites<br />
honey bee tracheal mites
Parasitic <strong>Mites</strong> on Honey Bees<br />
Tarsonemidae<br />
(Acarapis sp.)<br />
Varroidae varroa mites<br />
honey bee tracheal mites
Florida is in a constant battle<br />
between native and exotic species<br />
Sometimes it is obvious,
Spinacus pagonis<br />
(0.15 mm long)<br />
but most of the time it is not
EXOTIC MITES IN FLORIDA<br />
1986-2002<br />
1986 PHYTOSEIIDAE Neoseiulus barkeri Orange Europe<br />
1987 ERIOPHYIDAE Acalitus ipomocarneae Martin Neotropical<br />
1987 VARROIDAE Varroa destruc<strong>to</strong>r Orange Asia<br />
1991 ERIOPHYIDAE Tegolophus perseaflorae Miami-Dade Neotropical<br />
1993 ERIOPHYIDAE Aceria letchii Miami-Dade Asia<br />
1995 ERIOPHYIDAE Vittacus bouganvilleae Miami-Dade Africa<br />
1996 PHYTOPTIDAE Acathrix trymatus Monroe Asia<br />
1998 PHYTOSEIIDAE Phy<strong>to</strong>seius hawaiiensis Miami-Dade Pacific<br />
2000 ERIOPHYIDAE Aceria zelkoviana Miami-Dade Asia<br />
2001 PHYTOSEIIDAE Neoseiulus longispinosus Jefferson Asia<br />
2001 TETRANYCHIDAE Eutetranychus sp. Broward Asia?<br />
2002 TETRANYCHIDAE Oligonychus grypus Hendry Asia<br />
2002 PHYTOSEIIDAE Phy<strong>to</strong>seius coheni Miami-Dade Asia<br />
2002 ERIOPHYIDAE Aceria annonae Miami-Dade Neotropical<br />
2002 CHEYLETIDAE Hemicheyletia anarbora Broward Neotropical
EXOTIC MITES IN FLORIDA<br />
2003-2008<br />
2003 TENUIPALPIDAE Tenuipalpus tabebuiae Broward Neotropical<br />
2003 ERIOPHYIDAE Spinacus pagonis Broward Asia<br />
2004 ERIOPHYIDAE Tegonotus mangiferae Miami-Dade Asia<br />
2004 DIPTILOMIOPIDAE Diptilomiopus pamithus Miami-Dade Asia<br />
2005 TETRANYCHIDAE Tetranychus piercei Miami-Dade Asia<br />
2005 ERIOPHYIDAE Ditrymacus integrifoliae Miami-Dade Asia<br />
2007 ERIOPHYIDAE Scolocenus sp. Miami-Dade Asia<br />
2007 ERIOPHYIDAE No<strong>to</strong>strix sp. Miami-Dade Neotropical<br />
2007 ERIOPHYIDAE Tumescoptes sp. Miami-Dade<br />
2007 TETRANYCHIDAE Oligonychus perseae Miami-Dade Neotropical<br />
2007 RHAGIDIIDAE Lindquistula multisoleidiata Miami-Dade Canada<br />
2007 TENUIPALPIDAE Raoiella indica Palm Beach Asia*<br />
2007 ERIOPHYIDAE Cisaberoptus kenyae Broward Africa<br />
2008 ERIOPHYIDAE Aceria distichli Levy <strong>Cal</strong>ifornia<br />
2008 ERIOPHYIDAE Acunda plectilis Levy <strong>Cal</strong>ifornia<br />
2008 DIPTILOMIOPIDAE Diptilomiopus assamica Broward Asia
Slide by Mike Thomas
Slide by Mike Thomas
Slide by Mike Thomas
Slide by Mike Thomas
Pathways For Mite Pests<br />
• Air traffic & <strong>to</strong>urism<br />
• Containerized cargo<br />
• Cut flowers<br />
• Tropical fruits &<br />
vegetables<br />
• Nursery s<strong>to</strong>ck
Collecting <strong>Mites</strong><br />
• Most mites look the same<br />
• Identification of some mites requires a<br />
specific stage or sex
• Where <strong>to</strong> look for mites:<br />
• Leaves (upper and lower surface)<br />
• Galls<br />
• Stems<br />
• Fruit<br />
• Associations with other insects or molds
Collecting <strong>Mites</strong><br />
• What <strong>to</strong> collect:<br />
• Always collect as many a possible!<br />
• Whole groups of leaves or small branches<br />
– Place in plastic bags with dry paper <strong>to</strong>wels or in<br />
alcohol vials<br />
– Do not seal heavy bags or whirl packs<br />
– Always include some fresh material for plant<br />
identification<br />
• Single individuals or groups collected with a<br />
wet brush (camel or sable hair are best)
Collecting <strong>Mites</strong><br />
• Preservative:<br />
• 70-75% isopropyl alcohol<br />
• 75% ethanol
SUMMARY<br />
• We are still learning the mites of the<br />
world.<br />
• Most mites look the same with the<br />
naked eye or hand lens making it easy<br />
<strong>to</strong> overlook new potential pest species.<br />
• Send as many mites as possible with<br />
each sample.
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