Biodiversity of Plant Pathogenic Fungi - Kerala Forest Research ...

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An extensive survey on plant pathogenic fungi in different forest ecosystems in the Western Ghats, viz., moist-deciduous, semi-evergreen, evergreen and wet evergreen forests, shola forests, dry deciduous forests, forest plantations and forest nurseries conducted during 2001-2004 revealed a rich flora of plant pathogenic fungi harboring the plants and causing different diseases of various intensities. A total of 4101 fungal isolates were obtained from the disease specimens viz., foliage, stem, bark, root, fruit, seed, etc. collected and processed from 237 study sites selected in eight different forest ecosystems in the Western Ghats. The fungal isolates fall under 102 fungal genera and 247 species. Of these, fungi belong to the Hyphomycetes and Coelomycetes Classes (Fungi Imperfecti) were the most widespread and predominant ones. Coelomycetes are represented by 36 genera and 84 species, while Hyphomycetes are represented by 28 genera and 85 species. Basidiomycetes are represented by 19 genera and 44 species, while Ascomycetes represented by 16 genera and 29 species. Oomycetes are represented by only one genus and two species and Agonomycetes (Mycelia sterilia) represented by two genera and three species (Fig.2). Fig.2: Plant pathogenic fungi belonging to different fungous classes recorded from the Western Ghats Oomycetes Agonomycetes Hyphomycetes Coelomycetes Basidiomycetes Ascomycetes 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Fungal species 15
Among 4101 fungal isolates obtained in the study, 60 fungal pathogens were given the status of new species. A total of 151 fungal pathogens were newly recorded from the Western Ghats and 104 fungal pathogens were reported for the first time from India (Fig.3). By following the existing practices in assigning new species status to a pathogenic fungi based on their association with particular host species/family, hundreds of new taxa can be erected from the isolates obtained in the present study. For example, a total of 608 isolates of Phomopsis were retrieved from 222 host plant species and treated here only as Phomopsis sp. Similarly, as more detailed taxonomic investigations are required to assign the status of new taxa, most of the new fungal isolates are treated here merely as species of the respective genus. Fig. 3. Pathogenic fungi recorded from the Western Ghats and their status New to India New to WG New species No.of fungal species 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Pathogenic fungal species Altogether 639 plant species belonging to 395 genera were found infected with the fungal pathogens in various forest ecosystems in the Western Ghats. Of these, 175 plant species were found as new host record for different pathogens. It is interesting to note that more than 26% of the plant species studied from different forest ecosystems were found new host record for different fungal pathogens. 16
Page 1 and 2: Biodiversity of Plant Pathogenic Fu
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Acknowledgements………
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT An extensive survey on pla
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION The recorded forest ar
Page 9 and 10: hosts with considerable rapidity, t
Page 11 and 12: MATERIALS AND METHODS Selection of
Page 13 and 14: were collected in polythene bags se
Page 15: were worked out. The following equa
Page 19 and 20: Fig.4: Distribution of fungal patho
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 7. Distribution of major funga
Page 23 and 24: 23 Beltraniella sp.1. 3 3 + + + + 2
Page 25 and 26: 116 Drechslera state of Cochliobolu
Page 27 and 28: 211 Puccinia Pers. sp.4. 1 1 + + +
Page 29 and 30: Table 3: Species richness and diver
Page 31 and 32: number of species increases and as
Page 33 and 34: In the wet evergreen forests, only
Page 35 and 36: Southern montane wet temperate fore
Page 37 and 38: Cylindrocladium, Guignardia, Meliol
Page 39 and 40: infected with fungi. In other words
Page 41 and 42: pentandra (L.) Gaertn., Ailanthus t
Page 43 and 44: Forest nurseries Disease survey car
Page 45 and 46: Bamba, R. and Sumbali, G. 1999. Som
Page 47 and 48: Firdousi, S.A. and Vyas, K.M., 1996
Page 49 and 50: Lal, S.P. and Kapoor, J.N. 1984. A
Page 51 and 52: Quality Timber Products of Teak fro
Page 53 and 54: Rossman, A.Y. 1995. A strategy for
Page 55 and 56: Shukla, A.N. 1996. Current status o
Page 57 and 58: LEGEND FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES Plat
Page 59 and 60: Plate No.19. 1: Canthium - Uromyces
Page 61 and 62: Colletotrichum Colletotrichum acuta
Page 63 and 64: Phellinus Phellinus gilvus (Schw.)P
Page 65 and 66: Colletotrichum Colletotrichum acuta
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Phellinus Phellinus gilvus (Schw.)P
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2. Olavakkode Circle and Protected
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4. High Range Circle and Protected
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Biodiversity of Plant Pathogenic Fu
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2. Olavakkode Circle and Protected
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4. High Range Circle and Protected
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pathogenic fungi. More fungi were e
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Cassia fistula L. 53,56,86,111,175,
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Appendix II: Host Index Abrus preca
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Eucalyptus clone 48,94,102,136 Euca
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Polyalthia fragrans (Dalz.) Bedd. 9
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