Geothermal Energy Potential in Selected Areas of Western Australia ...

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1 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 4 2. PERTH BASIN GEOLOGICAL SETTING....................................................................................... 5 3. BASEMENT INVESTIGATIONS.................................................................................................... 10 3.1. BASEMENT DEPTH .................................................................................................................... 10 3.2. BASEMENT LITHOLOGY.............................................................................................................. 11 4. HEAT FLOW MODELLING METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 16 4.1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 16 4.2. HEAT FLOW AND LIMITATIONS OF 1D MODELLING......................................................................... 16 4.3. VERIFICATION OF WELL TEMPERATURES .................................................................................... 17 4.4. SURFACE TEMPERATURES ......................................................................................................... 18 4.5. ROCK THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT........................................................................... 19 4.6. ESTIMATING LITHOLOGIES AT DEPTH........................................................................................... 21 4.7. ESTIMATING BASEMENT HEAT GENERATION................................................................................. 24 5. HEAT FLOW MODELLING RESULTS ......................................................................................... 26 5.1. CALCULATED HEAT FLOW........................................................................................................... 26 5.2. RELIABILITY OF HEAT FLOW DATA ............................................................................................... 27 5.3. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT FLOW DATA ............................................................................... 30 6. TEMPERATURE PROJECTION ................................................................................................... 32 6.1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 32 6.2. EXTRAPOLATION OF TEMPERATURES TO BASEMENT ................................................................... 33 7. STRESS FIELD IN THE PERTH BASIN ....................................................................................... 38 7.1. ADEQUACY OF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE DATA ............................................................................... 38 7.2. STRESS MAGNITUDES IN THE PERTH BASIN ................................................................................ 38 7.3. DATA QUALITY AND ADEQUACY................................................................................................... 40 7.4. RELEVANCE OF REGIONAL STRESS TO GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION.............................................. 43 7.5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRESS MODELLING ........................................................................... 44 8. DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 44 www.hotdryrocks.com
2 List of Figures Figure 2.1 Stratigraphy of the Perth Basin (after Geoscience Australia, 2007)......... 7 Figure 2.2 Basin subdivisions and tectonic elements of the central and southern Perth Basin (after Crostella & Backhouse, 2000) ....................................................... 8 Figure 2.3 Tectonic elements of the northern Perth Basin (Mory & Iasky, 1996 3 ) ..... 9 Figure 3.1 Gravity image with OZSEEBASEv2 - Depth to Basement contours for the southern area of the Perth Basin where sediment thickness is estimated to exceed 10 km........................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 3.2 Gravity image with OZSEEBASEv2 - Depth to Basement contours for the central area of the Perth Basin where sediment thickness is estimated to exceed 13 km............................................................................................................................. 13 Figure 3.3 Gravity image with OZSEEBASEv2 - Depth to Basement contours for the northern area of the Perth Basin............................................................................... 14 Figure 3.4 Gravity image under an outline of the onshore Perth Basin (white line) . 15 Figure 4.1 HDRPL seismic interpretation of line A89-708........................................ 23 Figure 5.1 Distribution of apparent surface heat flow for 162 wells in the Perth Basin ................................................................................................................................. 26 Figure 5.2 Distribution of modelled surface heat flow for 28 wells in Dongara Field showing the influence of lower quality (uncorrected) temperature data on modelled heat flow.. ................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 5.3 Modelled surface heat flow for 162 wells in the Perth Basin. Relative reliability of temperature data is represented by point size....................................... 29 Figure 5.4 Gridded modelled heat flow for the onshore component of the Perth Basin. ....................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 5.5 A bivariate plot of all the modelled heat flow values (y axis) of the Perth Basin vs latitude (x axis), showing the trend of increasing apparent heat flow to the north. ........................................................................................................................ 32 Figure 6.1 Inferred and gridded 100°C isotherm map for the onshore Perth Basin . 34 Figure 6.2 Inferred and gridded 150°C isotherm map for the onshore Perth Basin . 35 Figure 6.3 Inferred and gridded 200°C isotherm map for the onshore Perth Basin . 36 Figure 6.4 Inferred and gridded temperature at economic basement (5 km) for the onshore Perth Basin ................................................................................................. 37 Figure 7.1 The orientations of the principle horizontal stress direction (Shmax) as measured wells within and adjacent to the Perth Basin. The mean orientation is E-W. Regime indicators and methods are also shown, where known (from Reynolds and Hillis, 2000)............................................................................................................... 39 Figure 7.2 Major faults in the Perth Basin................................................................ 42 www.hotdryrocks.com
Page 1 and 2: Hot Dry Rocks Pty Ltd Geothermal En
Page 3: • The distribution of heat flow v
Page 7 and 8: 4 1. Introduction The Department of
Page 9 and 10: 6 inverted Permian half graben in t
Page 11 and 12: 8 Figure 2.2 Basin subdivisions and
Page 13 and 14: 10 east. The major sub-basin in the
Page 15 and 16: 12 Figure 3.1 Gravity image with OZ
Page 17 and 18: 14 Figure 3.3 Gravity image with OZ
Page 19 and 20: 16 4. Heat flow modelling methodolo
Page 21 and 22: 18 circulation. The accuracy of the
Page 23 and 24: 20 Table 4.1 Summary of rock therma
Page 25 and 26: 22 column. OZ SEEBASE depth-to-base
Page 27 and 28: 24 4.7. Estimating basement heat ge
Page 29 and 30: 26 5. Heat flow modelling results 5
Page 31 and 32: 28 data requires a positive error m
Page 33 and 34: 30 The Dongara Field has 28 wells t
Page 35 and 36: 32 Figure 5.5 A bivariate plot of a
Page 37 and 38: 34 Figure 6.1 Inferred and gridded
Page 39 and 40: 36 Figure 6.3 Inferred and gridded
Page 41 and 42: 38 7. Stress field in the Perth Bas
Page 43 and 44: 40 King et al. (2008) 14 reported s
Page 45 and 46: 42 Regional Shmax Figure 7.2 Major
Page 47 and 48: 44 7.5. Recommendations for Stress
Page 49 and 50: 46 • Examine evidence for coal di
Page 51 and 52: 48 56 Dongara 25 W001065 DEV N GDA9
Page 53 and 54: 50 Attachment B: 80 wells previousl
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52 Attachment C: Basement litholog
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54 Well name TD (m) Probable Baseme
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66 Attachment F - Recalculated cond
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Attachment H - Calculated heat gene
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Attachment J - Calculated heat gene
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72 Dongara 12 3750 Gneiss N -29.238
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74 Murrumbah 1 3750 Gneiss N -29.15
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Well name Overall reliability (high
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Overall reliability (high, low, Hea
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Executive summary The Western Austr
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2 1.0 Introduction Thermal conducti
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4 2.0 Methodology Hot Dry Rocks Pty
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6 Gage Sandstone Quinn's Rock 1 776
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8 Sue Group: Ashbrook Sandstone Sue
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10 3. Thermal conductivity of rocks
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Table of Contents 1.0 HEAT FLOW MOD
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Geothermal Energy Potential in Selected Areas of Western Australia ...

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