01 apteryx australis - University of Texas Libraries
01 apteryx australis - University of Texas Libraries
01 apteryx australis - University of Texas Libraries
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35<br />
The coracoid is the strongest bone :its inferior expanded extremity presents an articular<br />
convexity, adapted to the sternal groove before described.<br />
The scapula reaches to the third rib:it is a simple narrow plate <strong>of</strong> bone, slightly<br />
curved and expanded at both ends, but chiefly at the humeral articulation. Its length<br />
is one inch.<br />
The humerus is a slender, cylindrical, styliform bone, slightly bent, 1inch 5 lines in<br />
length ; slightly expanded at the two extremities, most so at the proximal end, which<br />
supports a transverse oval articular convexity, covered with smooth cartilage, and<br />
joined by a synovial and capsular membrane to the scapulo-coracoid articulation. A<br />
small tuberosity projects beyond each end <strong>of</strong> the humeral articular surface. The distal<br />
end <strong>of</strong> the humerus is articulated by a true but shallow ginglymoid joint with the rudimental<br />
bones <strong>of</strong> the antibrachium, and both the external and internal condyles are<br />
slightly developed.<br />
The radius and ulna are almost straight cylindrical slender bones, each 9 lines in<br />
length. A feebly developed olecranon projects above the articular surface <strong>of</strong> the ulna.<br />
There is a minute carpal bone, two metacarpals, and a single phalanx, which supports<br />
the long curved obtuse alar claw. The whole length <strong>of</strong> this rudimental hand is 7 lines,<br />
including the claw, which measures 3 lines and a half. A few strong and short quillfeathers<br />
are attached by ligament to the ulna and metacarpus.<br />
The iliac bones in size and shape resemble those <strong>of</strong> the Struthious tribe : the length<br />
is 4 inches and 3 lines. The outer surface presents a slight concavity anteriorly, which<br />
gradually passes into a convexity posteriorly, the two surfaces not being separated by<br />
the transverse elevation observable above the acetabulum in the four large Struthious<br />
birds. A distinct epiphyseal piece <strong>of</strong> bone, <strong>of</strong> a compressed and triangular form,<br />
is wedged in between the posterior extremity <strong>of</strong> the ilia and the first three caudal<br />
vertebra.<br />
The ischium extends backwards, parallel with the sacrum, in the form <strong>of</strong> a thin plate<br />
<strong>of</strong>bone which slightly expands to its free extremity, which is truncated.<br />
The pubic element is a slender bony style, connected by ligament to the end <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ischium, but attached by bone at its acetabular extremity only. Ashort pointed process<br />
extends from the anterior margin <strong>of</strong> the origin <strong>of</strong> the pubis. In comparing the pelvis<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Apteryx with that <strong>of</strong> the large Struthious birds, we findthat the ischia do not meet<br />
below the sacrum as in the Rhea, but are more distant from that and the iliac bones than<br />
in any <strong>of</strong> the Struthious birds ;the pubic bones are not joined together at their distal<br />
extremities as in the Ostrich ;the extremities <strong>of</strong> the ischia are not anchylosed to the<br />
superincumbent ilia as in the Cassowary. Itis the Emeu which comes nearest to the<br />
Apteryx in the structure <strong>of</strong> the pelvis, but it also differs in the complete bony boundary<br />
<strong>of</strong> the foramen which transmits the tendon <strong>of</strong> the obturator internus, and which is completed<br />
posteriorly by ligament in the Apteryx.<br />
The acetabulum communicates, as usual, by a wide opening with the pelvis :a surface<br />
f 2