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FIGURE 2 More than 40 countries of the South had greater gains on the HDI between 1990 and 2012 than would have been predicted from their previous performance on the HDI HDI, 2012 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 Rwanda HDI 1990 = HDI 2012 India Lao PDR Bangladesh Uganda Chile Malaysia Brazil China Mexico Tunisia Thailand Turkey Mauritius Indonesia Viet Nam Ghana Highlighted 18 Korea, Rep. 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 Big improvers HDI, 1990 Note: Countries above the 45 degree line had a higher HDI value in 2012 than in 1990. Blue and grey markers indicate countries with significantly larger than predicted increases in HDI value between 1990 and 2012 given their HDI value in 1990. These countries were identified based on residuals obtained from a regression of the change in log of HDI between 2012 and 1990 on the log of HDI in 1990. Countries that are labelled are a selected group of rapid HDI improvers that are discussed in greater detail in chapter 3. Source: HDRO calculations. 12 | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013 FIGURE 1 Acceleration of growth on the HDI Number of countries 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 33 33 33 33 1990 43 36 30 30 2000 59 33 15 15 2012 HDI ≥ 0.731 HDI 0.615 to
leading economies—Brazil, China and India—is about equal to the combined GDP of the long- standing industrial powers of the North—Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. 7 This represents a dramatic rebalancing of global economic power. In 1950, Brazil, China and India together accounted for only 10% of the world economy, while the six traditional economic leaders of the North accounted for roughly half. According to projections in this Report, by 2050 Brazil China and India will together account for 40% of global output (figure 3), far surpassing the projected combined production of today’s Group of Seven bloc. 8 Today, the South as a whole produces about half of world economic output, up from about a third in 1990. The combined GDP of eight major developing countries alone—Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey—now equals the GDP of the United States, still by far the world’s biggest national economy. 9 As recently as 2005, the combined economic weight of those eight FIGURE 3 countries was barely half that of the United States. This major increase in share of economic output would not mean much in human development terms, however, if it had not been accompanied by an unprecedented reduction in deprivation and expansion of human capabilities. The first Millennium Development Goal of halving the proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day relative to 1990 has been met three years before the target date. This is primarily because of the success of some of the most populous countries in eradicating extreme poverty: Brazil, China and India have all dramatically reduced the proportion of their people who are income poor—Brazil from 17.2% of the population in 1990 to 6.1% in 2009, China from 60.2% in 1990 to 13.1% in 2008 and India from 49.4% in 1990 to 32.7% in 2010. 10 Broader development challenges, however, have not diminished. An estimated 1.57 billion people, or more than 30% of the population of the 104 countries studied for this Report, live in multidimensional poverty, 11 a measure of both Brazil, China and India combined are projected to account for 40% of global output by 2050, up from 10% in 1950 Share of global output (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1820 1860 1900 Brazil, China and India 1940 1980 2010 2050 Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States Note: Output is measured in 1990 purchasing power parity dollars. Source: HDRO interpolation of historical data from Maddison (2010) and projections based on Pardee Center for International Futures (2013). PROJECTION Today, the South as a whole produces about half of world economic output, up from about a third in 1990 Introduction | 13
Page 1 and 2: E Human Development Report 2013 The
Page 3 and 4: Human Development Report 2013 The R
Page 5 and 6: Human Development Report 2013 Team
Page 7 and 8: Finally, the Report also calls for
Page 9 and 10: Heather Simpson, Ben Slay, Mounir T
Page 11 and 12: 3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
Page 13 and 14: Overview One of the most heartening
Page 15 and 16: and sustainability are fully incorp
Page 17 and 18: Without investment in people, retur
Page 19 and 20: opportunity to reap the full benefi
Page 21 and 22: Woods institutions, the United Nati
Page 23: Introduction When developed economi
Page 27 and 28: comparable access to information, e
Page 29 and 30: mobile phones: cellular banking is
Page 32 and 33: “The political problem of mankind
Page 34 and 35: BOX 1.1 Fairness, macroeconomics an
Page 36 and 37: BOX 1.3 Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
Page 38 and 39: FIGURE 1.1 Income per capita is ris
Page 40 and 41: BOX 1.4 Subjective indicators of we
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Page 44 and 45: FIGURE 1.6 Most regions show declin
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Page 68 and 69: Instead of having a centre of indus
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“We cannot expect that all nation
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TABLE 3.1 Selected developing count
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A common feature of countries that
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More important than getting prices
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BOX 3.5 Eastern Europe and Central
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States have to be conscious that th
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As countries develop, they tend to
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Having weathered the Asian financia
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Providing public services that cont
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Advancing health requires more than
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Universal public health and educati
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BOX 3.9 • China. The Minimum Live
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“Each generation will reap what t
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BOX 4.1 concerns will make for a co
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A greater emphasis on education can
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FIGURE 4.1 Under the fast track sce
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Around the world people are calling
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96 | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013
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BOX 4.2 China and Ghana: who benefi
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FIGURE 4.8 countries thus converge
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“Let us join hands to try to crea
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Areas of global international conce
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Addressing climate change requires
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International governance is increas
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BOX 5.2 Jo Leinen, Member of the Eu
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BOX 5.3 facilitates reserve investm
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Responsible sovereignty takes the l
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Good policymaking requires greater
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A fair and less unequal world requi
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Notes Overview 1 Atsmon and others
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25 Blinder 2006. 26 UNIDO 2009. 27
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which is 61.7 deaths per 1,000 live
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References Abdurazakov, A., A. Mins
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urban_world_cities_and_the_rise_of_
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Kamau, P., D. McCormick, and N. Pin
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Labor Administration. Geneva: Inter
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Statistical annex Readers guide 140
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Statistical acknowledgements The Re
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Key to HDI countries and ranks, 201
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Human Development Index (HDI) Life
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Human Development Index (HDI) Life
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Human Development RepoRt 2013 The R
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Human Development Index (HDI) HDI r
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Human Development Index (HDI) value
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Human Development Index (HDI) value
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Gender Inequality Index Rank value
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Gender Inequality Index Rank value
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NotES a not all indicators were ava
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GDp GDp per capita ECoNoMy pubLIC S
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GDp GDp per capita ECoNoMy pubLIC S
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IMMuNIZatIoN CoVERaGE Dtp Measles u
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IMMuNIZatIoN CoVERaGE Dtp Measles u
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EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT GROSS ENROLM
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EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT GROSS ENROLM
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EMPLOYMENT, VULNERABILITY AND EQUIT
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EMPLOYMENT, VULNERABILITY AND EQUIT
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TRADE OF GOODS a TRADE OF SERVICES
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TRADE OF GOODS a TRADE OF SERVICES
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Foreign direct investment, net infl
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Foreign direct investment, net infl
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION
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PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY EMISSIONS NAT
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PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY EMISSIONS NAT
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Population Total a Annual growth Ur
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Population Total a Annual growth Ur
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Statistical references ADB (Asian D
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Core features of the model pertinen
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Countries and HDI ranks in 2012 and
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