Student Handout pp. 1-16 [PDF] - Grace Church of Mentor

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E. Other crusades. 200 characterized by rioting and unbridled lust (See Schaff V:274). Priceless art treasures and relics were destroyed (See V:275-76). 1. Children’s Crusade (1212). a. Involved some 30,000 boys and girls, many less than twelve years of age, under the leadership of Stephen (12), a shepherd boy and preacher. Set out from France in June. b. This crusade ended in disaster. Seven ships carried the children from Marseilles, but none reached the Holy Land. Many of the children were sold into slavery in Egypt. 2. Further disappointments. The Fifth (1217-1221), called by Pope Honorious III; the Sixth (1228-1229), led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II; and the Seventh (1248-1250) and Eighth (1267-1272), under Louis IX, all ended in failure as well. The Christians’ last stronghold in Palestine, Acre, was taken by the Muslims in 1291. F. Effects of the crusades. 1. Failed in three respects (See Schaff, V:290). a. Holy Land not permanently won. b. Advance of Islam not permanently checked. c. Schism between East and West not healed. 2. Prestige of Papacy. The crusades gave occasion for the rapid development of the system of papal indulgences and tended to strengthen papal power. 3. Rise of Nationalism. Contributed to the rise of nationalism in Europe and simultaneously weakened feudalism because of the emergence of a new class – the commercial middle class. 4. Impetus to commerce. Entrepreneurs took advantage of the new trade opened up with the Near East. The crusades also introduced the income tax. 5. Improvements in warefare: improved weapons, siege craft. 6. Interest in travel and exploration stimulated. 7. Transfer of eastern classical literature.
201 8. Advance in the field of nursing. The Salerno school of medicine, adopted by the Hospitallers of St. John, advocated keeping patients warm, clean, and quiet. 9. Increase in number of European churches. Most churches you see in Europe today are built on eleventh and twelfth century foundations. 10. Heightened Antagonism: embittered relations between Christians and Muslims, and Jews suspicious and fearful of Christians. 11. Providential: although the crusades were a failure in achieving their ultimate objective, God used them, nevertheless, to halt the spread of Islam throughout Christian Europe. What would have happened in Spain, the Balkans, and in northern Europe without the various crusades against Muslims? The Muslims would have advanced, and the history of Europe and of Christianity would have been entirely different (Jonathan Riley-Smith, “Holy Violence Then and Now,” Christian History Magazine, Issue 40, Vol. 12, p. 42).
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A Biblical View of Church History T
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the body, the church; and He is the
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and ___ is distorted, since it does
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a. Naturalism is the idea that real
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3) The providential view of history
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church in the New Testament. 2. 100
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II. The Three Worlds into Which Chr
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. The prophecies of the Old Testame
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APOSTOLIC AGE (A.D. 30-100): THE EA
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e. How that behind the proclamation
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God sovereignly guided His people i
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C. The Christian Message (kerygma).
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d. No doubt Jesus could also mean h
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THE JERUSALEM COUNCIL - Acts 15 (A.
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A. Decision made democratically: vv
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moral merits; or implicitly, as whe
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complex system. 2. Reveals how Scri
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Authorship: Ascribed to Barnabas, f
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Baptism in the Early Church [Edinbu
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to the "president" by Justin Martyr
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III. Life. 2. Communion - a euchari
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EARLY PERSECUTIONS These suffering
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7. Christianity anti-social. Tacitu
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The imperial Cult was a bond of pol
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Christians against the Persians, th
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B. Positive results. Constantine ru
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who were pronounced heretic by the
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and about himself, that is, about h
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1. Unitarianism - denial of the ess
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1. Teaches monism (the universe a u
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THE ANTE-NICENE FATHERS: GREEK APOL
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2. Aristides of Athens (135). 3. Ar
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Justin quotes often the OT prophets
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5. Maximus of Jerusalem (185). 6. P
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3. His theology. (3) Show the conti
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3. Speculative, mystical, theoretic
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. God. (5) The sun, moon, stars, cl
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to Palestine. In his travels he con
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c. Belief in the pre-existence of s
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In reaction to the laxity of discip
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Christianity. 81 b. POLEMICAL works
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Generally, minor post-baptismal sin
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(3) He confused the imperfect visib
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. It was also dangerous. The conven
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heirs of the truth = the apostolic
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III. Recognition [not formation] of
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AGE OF CHRISTIAN EMPERORS AND PATRI
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first Christian Caesar, the founder
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Note Schaff III:93-94. No wonder th
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Note Schaff’s summary comment, II
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homoiousios or of a similar substan
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its representatives” (Schaff, III
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NICENE FORMULA (Nicea, A.D. 325) We
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I. The Greek Fathers. THE NICENE AN
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time when he was not. He is not “
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111 Against the pneumatomachians (e
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Most of his homilies and commentari
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A. Introduction. 1. The great Augus
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Here he starved and deprived his bo
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. Historical. (1) Continuation of t
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a. The works of Augustine are legio
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c. Trinity. 123 (1) Absolute Author
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h. Church. i. Sacraments. 125 (1) T
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I. Causes of Monasticism. EARLY MON
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Church. 4. Extreme ascetics. Saint
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INTRODUCTION TO MEDIEVAL CHURCH HIS
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3. The acquired Papal properties th
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superstition, F. F. Bruce’s comme
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HIERARCHICAL AND LITURGICAL DEVELOP
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c. Metropolitan or archbishop. 139
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Gentiles in the persons of the Magi
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Relics of saints a source of healin
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145 Catholic Encyclopedia states, i
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147 1. While observing Angles being
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Page 159 and 160: 159 Kings. He left them out because
Page 161 and 162: 161 with the Loch Ness Monster. Rep
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Page 165 and 166: C. 637 - Jerusalem taken. D. 638 -
Page 167 and 168: THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE in The Conte
Page 169 and 170: from the West. Cairns writes, Becau
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Page 173 and 174: Alcuin, like Charlemagne, sincerely
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Page 181 and 182: 181 b. The church adheres to the te
Page 183 and 184: TERMS OF CHURCH/STATE CONFLICTS DUR
Page 185 and 186: 185 D. Decretum Gratiani (c. 1139)
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Page 193 and 194: 193 a. Lothario Conti was bom in An
Page 195 and 196: although limited control of the pap
Page 197 and 198: 1. Religious considerations: a. The
Page 199: title, “Defender of the Holy Sepu
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Student Handout pp. 1-16 [PDF] - Grace Church of Mentor

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