[k.M ^v* [k.M ^c* - Nalanda Open University

NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY 

M.A./M.Sc. (Geography) 

PART–I, PAPER–I 

(Geographical Thought) 

Annual Examination, 2012 

Time : 3 Hours Full Marks : 80 

izR;sd izR;sd izR;sd izR;sd [k.M [k.M [k.M [k.M ls ls ls ls de de de de ls ls ls ls de de de de nks nks nks nks iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa dk dk dk dk p;u p;u p;u p;u djrs djrs djrs djrs gq, gq, gq, gq, dqy dqy dqy dqy ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa dk dk dk dk mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj nhft, nhft, nhft, nhft, A A A A 

lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa ds ds ds ds vad vad vad vad leku leku leku leku gSa gSa gSa gSa AA 

AA 

Answer five questions selecting at least Two from each group. All questions carry equal marks. 

[k.M [k.M [k.M [k.M ^v* ^v* ^v* ^v* (Group–'A') 

1. Review the contributions of Greek and Roman Scholars in the development of Geography. 

Hkwxksy ds fodkl esa ;wukuh ,oa jkseu fo}kuksa ds ;ksxnku dh leh{kk dhft, A 

2. Analyse the development of Geography in Ancient India. 

izkphu Hkkjr esa Hkwxksy ds fodkl dk fo'ys"k.k dhft, A 

3. Discuss the contribution of Ratzel to the development of geographical knowledge. 

HkkSxksfyd Kku ds fodkl esa jSVtsy ds ;ksxnku dh foospuk dhft, A 

4. Give an account of the contribution of Ellsworth Huntington in the development of 

Geography. 

Hkwxksy ds fodkl esa ,YloFkZ gafVaxVu ds ;ksxnku dk fooj.k nhft, A 

5. Do you agree with the statement that "geography is a landscape science ?" 

D;k vki bl dFku ls lger gS fd ^^Hkwxksy ,d n`";Hkwfe foKku gS \** 

[k.M [k.M [k.M [k.M ^c* ^c* ^c* ^c* (Group–'B') 

6. Give an account of Behavioural revolution in geography. 

Hkwxksy esa vkpkjijd@vkpkjizn ØkfUr dk ,d fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

7. What do you understand by System Approach ? Explain various types of system. 

ra= mikxe ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ ra= ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dks Li"V dhft, A 

8. Explain the concept of Region. give a brief account of various types of regions. 

izns'k ds ladYiuk dks Li"V dhft, A buds fofo/k izdkjksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k nhft, A 

9. What do you mean by spatial Organisation ? Describe its various aspects. 

Hkw&oSU;kfld laxBu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blds fofo/k igyqvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

10. Describe the salient features of welfare geography. 

dY;k.kdkjh Hkwxksy ds fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

 

Revised Examination Programme-2012 

M.A/M.Sc Geography, Part–I 

Date Papers Time Examination Centre 

09.05.2012 Paper–I 3.30 PM to 6.30 PM D.A.V. Public School, Punaichak, Patna 

11.05.2012 Paper–II 3.30 PM to 6.30 PM D.A.V. Public School, Punaichak, Patna 

15.05.2012 Paper–III 3.30 PM to 6.30 PM D.A.V. Public School, Punaichak, Patna 

17.05.2012 Paper–IV 3.30 PM to 6.30 PM D.A.V. Public School, Punaichak, Patna 

19.05.2012 Paper–V 3.30 PM to 6.30 PM D.A.V. Public School, Punaichak, Patna 

21.05.2012 Paper–VI 3.30 PM to 6.30 PM D.A.V. Public School, Punaichak, Patna 

23.05.2012 Paper–VII 3.30 PM to 6.30 PM D.A.V. Public School, Punaichak, Patna 

25.05.2012 Paper–VIII 3.30 PM to 6.30 PM D.A.V. Public School, Punaichak, Patna



PART–I, PAPER–II 

(Geomorphology) 





AA 



1. Define Geomorphology and discuss its scope. 

Hkw&vkÑfr foKku dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk blds dk;Z {ks= dh foospuk dhft, A 

2. Present an account of the concept of Sea–Floor Spreading. 

leqnz ry izlkj ladYiuk dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

3. Compare the views of Davis and Penck about the cycle of erosion. 

vijnu pØ ds ckjs esa Msfol rFkk isad ds fopkjksa dh rqyuk dhft, A 

4. Explain the causes of the evolution of Poly-cyclic landforms with examples. 

cgqpØh; LFkykÑfr;ksa ds fodkl ds dkj.kksa dks mnkgj.k lfgr dhft, A 

5. Present an account of various kinds of landforms caused by glacier. 

fgeun~ }kjk fodflr fofo/k izdkj dh LFkykÑfÙk;ksa dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 


6. What is Tsunamis ? Present an account of its origin with reference to Plate Tectonics. 

lqukeh D;k gS \ bldh mRifÙk dh O;k[;k IysV fooÙkZfudh ds lanHkZ esa izLrqr dhft, A 

7. What is Weathering ? What are its types. Explain with examples. 

vi{k; D;k gS \ buds izdkj dkSu&dkSu ls gSa \ mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft, A 

8. What do you understand by carbon-14 and Thermo-luminosity ? How are they helpful 

in the determination of the age of rocks ? 

vki dkcZu&14 vkSj rkih;&T;ksRluk ls D;k le>rs gSa \ ;s pÍkuksa ds vk;q fu/kkZj.k esa fdl izdkj 

lgk;d gSa \ 

9. Write an essay on the geomorphological evolution of Peninsular India. 

Hkkjrh; izk;}hih; iBkj ds Hkw&vkÑfrd fodkl ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

10. What do you mean by geomorphic hazards ? Describe major geomorphic hazards. 

Hkw&vkÑfrd vkink ls D;k le>rs gSa \ izeq[k Hkw&vkÑfrd vkinkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A



PART–I, PAPER–III 

(Climatology & Oceanography) 





AA 



1. Define climatology. Describe its nature and scope. 

tyok;q foKku dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A bldh izÑfr ,oa dk;Z {ks= dk o.kZu dhft, A 

2. Present an account of the composition and structure of atmosphere. 

ok;qeaMy ds la?kVu ,oa lajpuk dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

3. Identifying the factors which influence the distribution of temperature, present an 

account of the horizontal distribution of temperature. 

rkieku ds forj.k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dks igpkurs gq, blds {kSfrt forj.k dk fooj.k 

izLrqr dhft, A 

4. What do you mean by planetary winds ? Present an account of its distribution on the 

earth surface. 

xzgh; gokvksa ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ i`Foh ry ij blds forj.k dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

5. What is meaning of Airmass ? Clasify the airmass and describe their salient features. 

ok;q jkf'k dk D;k rkRi;Z gS \ ok;q jkf'k dks oxhZÑr djrs gq, mudh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu 

dhft, A 


6. Present an account of the bottom relief features of either Atlantic Ocean or Indian Ocean. 

vVykafVd egklkxj vFkok fgUn egklkxj ds ryh; mPPkkop dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

7. Throw light on the origin of submarine canyons. 

vUr% leqnzh dSfu;u dh mRifÙk ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

8. What is Ocean deposits ? Classify it and give an account of its distribution. 

egklxjh; fu{ksi D;k gS \ bls oxhZÑr dhft, rFkk buds forj.k dk fooj.k nhft, A 

9. Present an account of the types, distribution and production of marine resources. 

egklkxjh; lalk/ku ds izdkj] forj.k ,oa mRiknu dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

10. Critically explain any two theories regarding the origin of Tides. 

TokjHkkVk dh mRifÙk ls lEcfU/kr fdUgha nks fl)kUrksa dk vkykspukRed O;k[;k dhft, A 

 

&% vko';d lwpuk %& 

M.A./M.Sc. Geography, Part–I ds ds lHkh lHkh ijh{kkÆFk;ksa ijh{kkÆFk;ksa dks dks lwfpr lwfpr fd;k fd;k tkrk tkrk gS gS fd fd iVuk iVuk uxj uxj 

fuxe fuxe pquko pquko pquko ds ds dkj.k dkj.k fnukad fnukad 17 17-05 17 05 05-2012 05 2012 2012 dks MhŒ,ŒohŒ MhŒ,ŒohŒ MhŒ,ŒohŒ ifCyd ifCyd Ldwy] Ldwy] Ldwy] iqukbZpd iqukbZpd ijh{kk ijh{kk dsUæ dsUæ ij 

ij 

gksus gksus okyh okyh okyh Paper–IV dh dh dh ijh{kk ijh{kk vc vc fnukad fnukad 18 18-05 18 05 05-2012 05 2012 dks dks la/; la/;k la/; k k 33-30 

3 30 cts ls 66-30 

6 

30 cts ds ds ds chp 

chp 

MhŒ,ŒohŒ MhŒ,ŒohŒ MhŒ,ŒohŒ ifCyd ifCyd Ldwy] Ldwy] Ldwy] iqukbZpd iqukbZpd ijh{kk ijh{kk dsUæ dsUæ gha vk;ksftr vk;ksftr dh dh tk;sxh tk;sxh A A vU; vU; i=ksa i=ksa dh dh dh ijh{kk ijh{kk vius 

vius 

iwoZ iwoZ fu/kkZfjr fu/kkZfjr frfFk] frfFk] le; le; ,oa ,oa LFkku LFkku LFkku ¼MhŒ,ŒohŒ ¼MhŒ,ŒohŒ ifCyd Ldwy] Ldwy] iqukbZpd½ iqukbZpd½ iqukbZpd½ ij ij gha gha vk;ksftr vk;ksftr gks gksa gks aa axh xh A 

A



PART–I, PAPER–IV 

(General Geography of India) 





AA 



1. 'Unity in the midst of Diversity' is the geographical identity of India. Elucidate with 

examples. 

^fofo/krk ds chp ,drk* Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd igpku gS A mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft, A 

2. Present a geographical assessment of spatial and seasonal pattern of rainfall in India. 

Hkkjr esa o"kkZ ds LFkkfud ,oa ekSleh forj.k dh HkkSxksfyd leh{kk izLrqr dhft, A 

3. Present an account of various types of relief features found in India. 

Hkkjr esa ik;s tkus okys fofo/k izdkj ds /kjkryh; Lo:i dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

4. Present a critical account of national population policy of India. 

Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; tula[;k uhfr ij ,d vkykspukRed fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

5. Flood and drought are most disasterous natural hazards of India. Present an account 

of these two hazards in the context of India. 

ck



PART–I, PAPER–V 

(Regional Geography of India) 




lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa dds 

dd 

s s s vad vad vad vad leku leku leku leku gSa gSa gSa gSa AA 

AA 



1. Present a geographical account of Middle Ganga Plain. 

e/; xaxk ds eSnku dk ,d HkkSxksfyd fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

2. Give a balanced geographical account of the Malabar coastal region. 

ekykckj rVh; izns'k dk larqfyr HkkSxksfyd fooj.k nhft, A 

3. Divide India into agro-climatic regions and discuss their main characteristics. 

Hkkjr dks Ñf"k&tyok;q izns'kksa esa foHkkftr dhft, rFkk mudh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. Discuss major work related to development in various Five Year Plans of India. 

Hkkjr ds fofHkUu iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa fodkl ls lEcfU/kr izeq[k dk;ksZa dh foospuk dhft, A 

5. Identify Hill areas of India and assess their development work. 

Hkkjr ds ioZrh; {ks=ksa dh igpku dhft, vkSj muds fodkl dk;ksZa dh leh{kk dhft, A 


6. Present an account of land use and agriculture of North Bihar. 

mÙkj fcgkj ds Hkwfe mi;ksx vkSj Ñf"k dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

7. Give an account of the salient features of landforms and metallic mineral based 

industries in the Subarnrekha valley region. 

Lo.kZjs[kk ?kkVh {ks= dh LFkykÑfrd fo'ks"krkvksa vkSj /kkfRod [kfutksa ij vk/kkfjr m|ksxksa dk fooj.k 

nhft, A 

8. Present a balanced geographical account of the Chaibasa Plain. 

pkbcklk ds eSnku dk ,d larqfyr HkkSxksfyd fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

9. Present a comparative study of Rajasthan and Assam Valley. 

jktLFkku vkSj vle ?kkVh izns'k dk ,d rqyukRed v/;;u izLrqr dhft, A 

10. Present a comparative study of Western and Eastern himalayas in the context of 

vegetation, drainage and population. 

ouLifr] ty izokg ,oa tula[;k ds lanHkZ esa fgeky; ds if'peh ,oa iwohZ Hkkx dk rqyukRed 

v/;;u izLrqr dhft, A



PART–I, PAPER–VI 

(World Economic Geography) 





AA 

Answer five questions in all, selecting at least Two from each group. All questions carry equal marks. 


1. Define Economic Geography and discuss its scope. 

vkfFkZd Hkwxksy dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, ,oa blds dk;Z {ks= dh foospuk dhft, A 

2. Critically explain the agricultural location theory of Von-thunen. 

okWu F;wusu dh Ñf"k&vofLFkfr fl)kUr dh vkykspukRed O;k[;k dhft, A 

3. Critically explain the industrial location theory of alfred Weber. 

vYÝsM oscj ds vkS|ksfxd LFkkuh;dj.k ds fl)kUr dh vkykspukRed O;k[;k dhft, A 

4. Present an account of the development and regional pattern of distribution of cotton 

textile industry either in India or USA. 

Hkkjr vFkok la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa lwrh oL= m|ksx ds fodkl ,oa izknsf'kd forj.k dk fooj.k 

izLrqr dhft, A 

5. Present an account of the distribution and production of paper industry in the World. 

fo'o esa dkxt m|ksx ds forj.k ,oa mRiknu dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 


6. Present an account of the major Ocean routes of the World. 

fo'o ds izeq[k leqnzh ekxksZa dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

7. Give an account of the salient features of import-export trade of developed and 

developing countries. 

fo'o ds fodflr ,oa fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds vk;kr&fu;kZr O;kikj dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 

8. What were objectives of the Constitution of World Trade Organisation ? How has it 

been helpful in the growth of World trade ? 

fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh LFkkiuk ds D;k mís'; Fks \ ;g fdl izdkj fo'o O;kikj dks c



PART–I, PAPER–VII 

(Human and Population Geography) 



izR;sd izR;sd izR;sd izR;sd [k.M [k.M [k.M [k.M ls ls ls ls de de de de ls ls ls ls de de de de nks nks nks nks iz' iz'uksa iz' iz'uksa 

uksa uksa dk dk dk dk p;u p;u p;u p;u djrs djrs djrs djrs gq, gq, gq, gq, dqy dqy dqy dqy ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa dk dk dk dk mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj nhft, nhft, nhft, nhft, A A A A 


AA 



1. Write an essay on the dichotomy between physical and Human Geography. 

HkkSfrd vkSj ekuo Hkwxksy ds }Srokn ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

2. Write an essay on Human Ecology. 

ekuo ifjfLFkfrdh ij ,d fuca/k fyf[k, A 

3. Divide the world into major cultural regions and describe their salient features. 

fo'o dks izeq[k lkaLÑfrd izns'kksa esa oxhZÑr dhft, rFkk mudh fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

4. Present an account of the importance of model building and theory in Human Geography. 

ekuo Hkwxksy esa izfreku fuekZ.k rFkk fl)kUr ds egÙo dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

5. What do you mean by Human Development Index (HDI) ? How is it determined ? 

ekuo fodkl lwpdkad ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ ;g fdl izdkj fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS \ 


6. Describe the various methods measuring fertility and mortality. 

iztuurk ,oa eO;Zrk dks ekius dh fofHkUu fof/k;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

7. Present a reasoned account of the growth and distribution of Urban population in the 

World. 

fo'o esa uxjh; vkcknh dh o`f) ,oa forj.k dk ldkj.k fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

8. Present an account of the population growth trends of developed and developing 

countries. 

fodflr ,oa fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa tula[;k o`f) dh izo`fÙk;ksa dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

9. Write notes on the following :— 

fuEufyf[kr ij fVIi.kh fyf[k, %& 

(i) Age–sex Composition in the World ¼fo'o esa vk;q&fyaxkuqikr lajpuk½ 

(ii) Occupational Structure of Indian Population ¼Hkkjrh; tula[;k dh dkf;Zd lajpuk½ 

10. Throw light on the present trends of international migration of Human Beings. 

ekuo leqnk; ds vUrjkZ"Vªh; LFkkukUrj.k dh oÙkZeku izo`fÙk;ksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A



PART–I, PAPER–VIII 

(Advanced Cartography) 




lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa ds ds ds ds va vad va va d d d leku leku leku leku gSa gSa gSa gSa AA 

AA 



1. Throw light on the development of map making art during the historical period. 

,sfrgkfld dky esa ekufp= dyk ds fodkl ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

2. What is the meaning of topographical sheet ? Present the classification scheme of 

topographical sheets. 

LFkykÑfrd ekufp= dk D;k vFkZ gS \ LFkykÑfrd ekufp= dk oxhZdj.k ;kstuk izLrqr dhft, A 

3. Describe relief features and drainage pattern of topographical sheets with the help of 

sketch maps. 

LFkykÑfrd ekufp= ds mPpkop izfr:i ,oa viokg ra= dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu [kkdk ekufp= dh 

enn ls dhft, A 

4. Describe various methods of relief presentation. Draw sketch maps wherever needed. 

mPpkop izn'kZu dh fofo/k fof/k;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, A vko';drkuqlkj [kkdk ekufp= Hkh cuk;sa A 



(i) Scope of Cartography ¼ekufp= dyk dk v/;;u {ks=½ 

(ii) Importance of Profiles in the analysis of topographical sheets ¼LFkykÑfrd ekufp=ksa 

ds fo'ys"k.k esa ifjPNsfndkvksa dk egÙo½ 


6. What is meant by Cylindrical Projection ? Describe its merits and demerits. 

csyukdkj iz{ksi ls D;k le>rs gSa \ blds xq.k vkSj nks"k dk o.kZu dhft, A 

7. Describe the process, merits and demerits of Closed Traverse Survey. 

cUn ekyk js[kk losZ{k.k dh izfØ;k ,oa blds xq.k&nks"k dk o.kZu dhft, A 



(i) Utility of Thematic maps ¼fo"k;d ekufp= dh mi;ksfxrk½ 

(ii) Salient features of Sample Survey ¼izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡½ 

9. Throw light on salient features of Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean and Harmonic mean. 

lekUrj ek/;] xq.kksÙkj ek/; ,oa gjkRed ek/; dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

10. Define Correlation method. Explain the differences between methods of Carl Pearson 

and Spearman. 

lg&lEcU/k fof/k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A dkyZ fi;lZu ,oa fLi;jeSu ds lg&lEcU/k fof/k;ksa ds vUrj 

dks Li"V dhft, A 

 

ukyUnk ukyUnk ukyUnk ukyUnk [kqyk [kqyk [kqyk [kqyk fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; ds ds ds ds M.A./M.Sc. Geography, Part–I ds ds ds ds lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh fo|k fo|kÆFk;ksa fo|k fo|kÆFk;ksa 

ÆFk;ksa ÆFk;ksa dks dks dks dks lwfpr lwfpr lwfpr lwfpr 

fd;k fd;k fd;k fd;k tkrk tkrk tkrk tkrk gS gS gS gS fd fd fd fd muds muds muds muds ikB~;Øe ikB~;Øe ikB~;Øe ikB~;Øe dh dh dh dh izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ d{kk,¡ d{kk,¡ d{kk,¡ d{kk,¡ fnukad fnu fnu fnukad 

kad kad 26 26----05 26 26 05 05----2012 05 2012 2012 2012 ls ls ls ls 30 30----05 30 30 05 05----2012 05 2012 2012 2012 rd rd rd rd 

¼le; ¼le; ¼le; ¼le; % % % % izkr% izkr% izkr% izkr% 10 10 10 10 cts cts cts cts ls½ ls½ ls½ ls½ iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; ds ds ds ds Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 001 001 001 001 

esa esa esa esa vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh A A A A izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ d{kkvksa d{kkvksa d{kkvksa d{kkvksa ds ds ds ds lEiUu lEiUu lEiUu lEiUu gksus gksus gksus gksus ds ds ds ds mijkUr mijkUr mijkUr mijkUr fnukad fnukad fnukad fnukad 01----06 01 01 01 06 06----2012 06 2012 2012 2012 ls ls ls ls izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd 

ijh{kk,¡ ijh{kk,¡ ijh{kk,¡ ijh{kk,¡ Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh mlh mlh mlh mlh ifjlj ifjlj ifjlj ifjlj esa esa esa esa vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh A A A A Enrollment No. ds ds ds ds vuqlkj vuqlkj vuqlkj vuqlkj izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ d{kk d{kk d{kk d{kk ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa 

izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ijh{kk ijh{kk ijh{kk dk dk dk dk foLr`r foLr`r foLr`r foLr`r dk;ZØe dk;ZØe dk;ZØe dk;ZØe iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; ds ds ds ds Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] 

iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 001 001 001 001 esa esa esa esa miyC/k miyC/k miyC/k miyC/k gksxk gksxk gksxk gksxk AA 

AA




PART–II, PAPER–IX 

(Geography of Rural Settlements) 


Answer five questions in all, selecting at least Two questions from each group. All questions carry equal marks. 

izR;sd izR;sd izR;sd izR;sd [k.M [k.M [k.M [k.M ls ls ls ls de de de de ls ls ls ls de de de de nks nks nks nks iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa dk dk dk dk p;u p;u p;u p;u djrs djrs djrs djrs gq,] gq,] gq,] gq,] dq dqy dq dq y y y ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa dk dk dk dk mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj nhft, nhft, nhft, nhft, A A A A lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa ds ds ds ds vad vad vad vad leku leku leku leku gSa gSa gSa gSa AA 

AA 

¼¼ 

Group–A ¼ 

¼[k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ 

1. What do you understand by Rural-urban Continuum ? How does economic and social 

changes take place in rural and urban settlements due to this continuum. 

xzkeh.k&'kgjh Øeo)rk ls vki d;k le>rs gSa \ bl Øec)rk ds dkj.k xzkeh.k ,oa uxjh; cfLr;ksa 

esa vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd ifjoÙkZu fdl izdkj gqvk gS \ 

2. Present an account of the history of the evolution of settlements in the ancient 

civilization regions of the world. 

fo'o dh izkphu lH;rk ds {ks=ksa esa cfLr;ksa ds fodkl ds bfrgkl dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

3. Give an account of the determining factors of the size and spacing of settlements. 

cfLr;ksa ds vkdkj ,oa vkilh nwjh ds fu/kkZjd dkjdksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 

4. Throw light on the importance of Rural Service Centre in the context of central place 

theory. 

dsUnzh; LFky fl)kUr ds vkyksd esa xzkeh.k lsok dsUnz ds egÙo ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

5. Describe meaning and characteristics of Rural-urban fringe. 

xzkeh.k&uxjh; mikUr dk vFkZ ,oa fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

¼¼ 

Group–B ¼ 

¼[k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ 

6. Describe comparatively about the types and forms of rural settlements in North and 

South Bihar plains. 

mÙkj ,oa nf{k.k fcgkj ds eSnku esa xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa ds izdkj rFkk Lo:i dk rqyukRed o.kZu dhft, A 

7. Describe the role of physical, economic and social conditions in the evolution of rural 

settlement in Rajasthan. 

jktLFkku dh xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa ds fodkl esa ekSfyd] vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh Hkwfedk dk 

o.kZu dhft, A 

8. Write an essay on the rural planning with examples in ancient India. 

izkphu Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k fu;kstu ij mnkgj.k nsrs gq, ,d fucU/k fyf[k, A 

9. Give an account of the impact of modern development work on rural morphology. 

xzkeh.k vkdkfjdh ij vk/kqfud fodkl dk;ksZa ds izHkko dk fooj.k nhft, A 

10. Throw light on the environmental issues affecting rural settlement. 

xzkeh.k vf/kokl dks izHkkfor djus okys i;kZoj.kh; dkjdksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A




PART–II, PAPER–X 

(Urban Geography) 



izR;sd izR;sd izR;sd izR;sd [k.M [k.M [k.M [k.M ls ls ls ls de de de de ls ls ls ls de de de de nks nks nks nks iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa dk dk dk dk p;u p;u p;u p;u djrs djrs djrs djrs gq,] gq,] gq,] gq,] dqy dqy dqy dqy ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p ik¡p iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa dk dk dk dk mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj mÙkj nhft, nhft, nhft, nhft, A A A A lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa iz'uksa ds ds ds ds vad vad vad vad leku leku leku leku gSa gSa gSa gSa A AA 

A 

¼¼ 

Group–A ¼ 

¼[k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ 

1. Discuss the changing nature of urban geography. 

uxjh; Hkwxksy ds ifjorZu'khy Lo:i dh foospuk dhft, A 

2. What do you mean by the law of Primate City ? Throw light on the distribution of 

primate cities in India. 

iz/kku uxj ds fu;e ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ Hkkjr esa iz/kku uxjksa ds forj.k ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

3. What do you mean by urban morphology ? Throw light on factors affecting it. 

uxjh; foU;kl ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ bls izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

4. Define Umland. Discuss methods of its demarcation. 

veyS.M dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A buds lhekadu dh fof/k;ksa dk foospu dhft, A 

5. Write short notes on the following :— 

fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k, %& 

(i) Metropolis ¼egkuxj½ 

(ii) Satellite Town ¼miuxjh; 'kgj½ 

¼¼ 

Group–B ¼ 

¼[k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ 

6. Throw light on the central place theory of christaller. 

fØLVkyj ds dsUæh; LFky fl)kUr ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

7. Throw light on the characteristics of town planning in ancient India and present India. 

izkphu Hkkjr ,oa orZeku Hkkjr ds uxj fu;kstu dh fo'ks"krkvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

8. Throw light on problems related to urban transportation. Give suggestions for the 

solution of the problems. 

uxjh; ifjogu ls lEcfU/kr leL;kvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A leL;kvksa ds lek/kku gsrq lq>ko nhft, A 

9. What do you mean by noise pollution ? Describe problems related to it. 

/ofu iznw"k.k ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blls lEcfU/kr leL;kvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 


fuEufyf[kr ij fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k, %& 

(i) Master Plan of Patna ¼iVuk dk ekLVj Iyku½ 

(ii) Environmental pollution caused by solid wastes 

¼Bksl vif'k"V ls mRiUu i;kZoj.kh; iznw"k.k½




PART–II, PAPER–XI 

(Regional Planning & Development) 




A 

¼¼ 

Group–A ¼ 

¼[k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ 

1. Define region and discuss the characteristics of a region. 

izns'k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk izns'k dh fo'ks"krkvksa dh foospuk dhft, A 

2. Describe comparatively the characteristics of Uniform and Nodal regions. 

le:i rFkk l&dsUnzh; izns'k dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk rqyukRed o.kZu dhft, A 

3. Define regional hierarchy. How has it been helpful in regional planning ? 

izknsf'kd inkuqØe dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A izknsf'kd fu;kstu esa ;g fdl izdkj lgk;d jgk gS \ 

4. What are principal indicators of regional development ? Describe global disparity in 

the context of regional development. 

izknsf'kd fodkl ds izeq[k ladsrd D;k gS \ fo'o ds ifjis{; esa izknsf'kd fodkl dh fo"kerk dk o.kZu 

dhft, A 

5. Define growth pole. Discuss its role in regional development. 

fodkl /kzqo dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A izknsf'kd fodkl esa bldh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, A 

¼¼ 

Group–B ¼ 

¼[k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ 

6. Give an account of development plans in the developing nations. 

fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa fodkl ;kstukvksa dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

7. Evaluate the practices/functioning of decentralised planning in India. 

Hkkjr esa fodsfUnzr fu;kstu fØ;k&i)fr dk ewY;kadu dhft, A 

8. Explain the concept of sustainable development. Identify development work coming 

under it. 

lrr~ fodkl dh ladYiuk dh O;k[;k dhft, A blds vUrxZr vkusokys fodkl dk;ksZa dh igpku 

dhft, A 

9. Assess the changes in the concept of region from the interdisciplinary point of view. 

vUrfoZ"k;d n`f"Vdks.k ls izns'k dh ladYiuk esa vk;s ifjoÙkZuksa dk ewY;kadu dhft, A 



(i) District Level planning in India ¼Hkkjr esa ftyk Lrjh; fu;kstu½ 

(ii) Regional planning for forestry and agriculture ¼ou ,oa Ñf"k ds fy, izknsf'kd fu;kstu½




PART–II, PAPER–XII 

(Environmental & Biogeography) 




A 

¼¼ 

Group–A ¼ 

¼[k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ 

1. Throw light on the importance and utility of the components of ecosystem. 

ikfjLFkSfrd ra= ds ?kVdksa ds egÙo vkSj mi;ksfxrk ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

2. Write an essay on energy flow in the ecosystem. 

ikfjLFkSfrd ra= esa ÅtkZ izokg ij ,d fuca/k fyf[k, A 

3. Throw light on the structure and function of ecosystem. 

ikfjLFkSfrd ra= dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Zfof/k ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

4. Mention various causes leading to the degradation of environment. What role could be 

played by afforestation in controlling the degradation of environment. 

i;kZoj.k ds fufEudj.k ds fofHkUu dkj.kksa dk mYys[k dhft, A i;kZoj.k ds fuEuhdj.k dks jksdus esa 

ou dh D;k Hkwfedk gS \ 

5. Evaluate the necessity of conservation enrichment and planning of ecosystem. 

ikfjLFkSfrd ra= ds laj{k.k] lao)Zu rFkk fu;kstu dh vo';drkvksa dk ewY;kadu dhft, A 

¼¼ 

Group–B ¼ 

¼[k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ 

6. Classify the soils of the world and discuss salient features of each of them in brief. 

fo'o dh e`nk dk oxhZdj.k dhft, ,oa izR;sd dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k nhft, A 

7. Give an account of the factors influencing the distribution of plants and animals. 

ikS/ksa ,oa tho&tUrqvksa ds forj.k dks izHkkfor djusokys dkjdksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 

8. Describe salient features and distribution of Savana region. 

lokuk izns'k ds forj.k vkSj eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

9. Identify bio-diversity related problems and discuss measures of conservation. 

tSfod&fofo/krk ls lEcfU/kr leL;kvksa dks fpfàr dhft, rFk laj{k.k ds dk;ksZa dh foospuk dhft, A 



(i) Problems of Drought and work in the direction of the solution of this problems 

¼lq[kkM+ dh leL;k ,oa blds lek/kku dh fn'kk esa dk;Z½ 

(ii) Problems of Landslides and Avalanches ¼Hkw&L[kyu ,oa fge L[kyu dh leL;k,¡½




PART–II, PAPER–XIII 

(Cultural & Tribal Geography) 




A 

¼¼ 

Group–A ¼ 

¼[k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ 

1. Give an account of the meaning and scope of Tribal Geography. 

tutkrh; Hkwxksy ds vFkZ ,oa dk;Z{ks= dk fooj.k nhft, A 

2. Discuss the cultural evolution of man. 

ekuo ds lkaLd`frd mn~Hko dh foospuk dhft, A 

3. Write an essay on the cultural diversity of man in the world. 

fo'o esa lkaLd`frd fofo/krk ij ,d ys[k fyf[k;s A 

4. Give an account of the various aspects of the cultural diversity in India. 

Hkkjr esa lkaLd`frd fofo/krkvksa ds fofHkUu igyqvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 

5. Present an account of the major cultural regions of the world. 

fo'o ds izeq[k lkaLd`frd izns'kksa dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

¼¼ 

Group–B ¼ 

¼[k.M& [k.M& [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ 

c½ c½ 

6. Analyse the regional pattern, economy and social aspects of Eskimos. 

,Ldheks ds {ks=h; forj.k] vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd igyqvksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft, A 

7. Describe the habitat, economy and social conditions of Bushman. 

cq'keSu ds fuokl {ks=] vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk lkekftd n'kkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A 

8. Throw light on the distribution, economy, religion and cultural characteristics of the 

Australian Aborgins. 

vkLVsªfy;u vkfnoklh ds forj.k] vFkZO;oLFkk] /keZ ,oa lkaLd`frd fo'ks"krkvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

9. Present an account of the habitat, economy and cultural characteristics of either 

Munda or Oraon tribes. 

eq.Mk vFkok mjk¡o tutkfr ds vf/kokl] vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa lkaLd`frd fo'ks"krkvksa dk fooj.k izLrqr 

dhft, A 

10. Write notes on the following:— 


(i) Tribal Development Programmes in India 

¼Hkkjr esa tutkrh; fodkl dk;ZØe½ 

(ii) Impact of development and modernisation on culture 

¼fodkl vkSj vk/kqfudhdj.k dk laLd`fr ij izHkko½




PART–II, PAPER–XIV 

(GIS & Remote Sensing) 




A 

Group–A ¼[k.M&v½ ¼¼¼ 

[k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ 

1. Present an account of the salient features of manual and automated Geographical 

Information System (GIS). 

gLrpkfyr rFkk Lopkfyr HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ra= dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

2. Explain Raster and Vector data structure with examples. Also mention their merits and 

limitations. 

jkLVj rFkk HksDVj vk¡dM+k lajpuk dks mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft, A buds xq.k vkSj lhekvkas dk Hkh 

mYys[k dhft, A 

3. Explain the concept of topological map. Analyse the use of topological relationship in 

Geographical Information System. 

VksiksykWftdy ekufp= dh ladYiuk dks Li"V dhft, A HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ra= esa VksiksykWftdy laca/k 

ds iz;ksx dk fo'ys"k.k dhft, A 

4. What are the processes of inputing and editing of data in the Geographical Information 

System ? Elucidate. 

HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ra= ds vUrxZr fdu izfØ;kvksa }kjk fuos'k ,oa lEiknu fd;k tkrk gS \ Li"V dhft, A 

5. Give an account of the application of Geographical Information System in Disaster 

Management. 

vkink izcU/ku esa HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ra= ds vuqiz;ksx dk fooj.k nhft, A 

¼¼ 

Group–B ¼ 

¼[k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ 

6. Define Remote Sensing Technique. Identify its characteristics. How is it useful in 

geographical studies ? 

lwnwj laosnu rduhd dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A budh fo'ks"krvksa dks fpfàr dhft, A ;g fdl izdkj 

HkkSxksfyd v/;;u eas mi;ksxh gSa \ 

7. Present an account of various types of satellites and their characteristics. 

fofHkUu izdkj ds lSVsykbV ,oa budh fo'ks"krkvksa dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A 

8. Define Resolution. Classify it and describe its importance in the remote sensing 

information system. 

foHksnu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A budks oxhZÑr dhft, rFkk nwj laosnh lwpuk ra= esa foHksnu ds egÙo 

dk o.kZu dhft, A 

9. Write notes on the following:— 


(i) Elements of Vertical Photography ¼m/okZ/kj QksVksfp= ds rÙo½ 

(ii) Image : Interpretation and Analysis ¼izfrfcEc % O;k[;k ,oa fo'ys"k.k½ 

10. Write notes on any Two of the following:— 

fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij fVIi.kh fyf[k, %& 

(i) Interpretational Techniques of Weather conditions¼ekSleh n'kkvksa dh O;k[;k rduhd½ 

(ii) Human Induced Hazards ¼ekuo izsfjr vkink,¡½ 

(iii) Factors Affecting Environment ¼i;kZoj.k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd½




PART–II, PAPER–XV 

(Political Geography) 




A 

Group–A ¼[k.M&v½ ¼¼¼ 

[k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ 

1. Give an account of the scope of Political Geography. How is it related to politics and 

Political Science ? 

jktuhfr Hkwxksy ds fo"k; {ks= dk fooj.k nhft, A ;g fdl izdkj jktuhfr ,oa jktuhfr 'kkL= ls 

lEcUf/kr gS \ 

2. Explain the meaning of core, periphery and buffer regions. Also discuss their salient features. 

ØksM] mikUr ,oa e/;LF; izns'kksa ds vFkZ dks Li"V dhft, A mudh egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krkvksa dh Hkh 

foospuk dhft, A 

3. Explain the concepts of nation, state and nation-state with example. 

jk"Vª] jkT; vkSj jk"Vª&jkT; dh ladYiukvksa dks mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft, A 

4. Throw light on the influence of boundaries on trade and strategic routes with reference 

to India. 

Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa O;kikj vkSj lkefjd ekxksZa ij lhekvksa ds izHkko ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

5. Write short note on the following:— 

fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k, %& 

(i) Artificial boundaries and related problems ¼Ñf=e lhek,sa ,oa lEcfU/kr leL;k,as½ 

(ii) Porous and Non-Porous Boundaries ¼lja?kz ,oa vja?kz lhek;sa½ 

6. 

¼¼ 

Group–B ¼ 

¼[k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ 

Give an account of the importance of European Union in the context of the World. 

fo'o ds lanHkZ esa ;wjksih; la?k ds egÙo dk fooj.k nhft, A 

7. Explain geographical bases of Indian federalism. 

Hkkjrh; la?k ds HkkSxksfyd vk/kkjksa dks Li"V dhft, A 

8. Throw light on centre-state relations on the issues of development. 

fodkl dk;ksZa ij dsUnz ,oa jkT; ds lEcU/kksa ij izd'k Mkfy, A 

9. Throw light on the geo-strategic importance of Indian Ocean. 

fgUn egklkxj ds Hkw&lkefjd egÙo ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

10. Write an essay on United Nations Organization with reference to the resolution of 

global disputes. 

la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ij vUrjkZ"Vªh; fookn fuiVkjs ds lanHkZ esa ,d fuca/k fyf[k, A 

 

ukyUnk ukyUnk ukyUnk ukyUnk [kqyk [kqyk [kqyk [kqyk fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; ds ds ds ds M.A./M.Sc. Geography, Part–II ds ds ds ds lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh fo|k fo|kÆFk;ksa fo|k fo|kÆFk;ksa 




¼le; ¼le; ¼le; ¼le; % % % % izkr% izkr% izkr% izkr% 7777 cts cts cts cts ls½ ls½ ls½ ls½ iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; ds ds ds ds Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 001 001 001 001 

esa esa esa esa vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh A A A A izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ d{kkvksa d{kkvksa d{kkvksa d{kkvksa ds ds ds ds lEiUu lEiUu lEiUu lEiUu gksus gksus gksus gksus ds ds ds ds mijkUr mijkUr mijkUr mijkUr fnukad fnukad fnukad fnukad 03333----00007777----2012 00 

0 2012 2012 2012 ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa 04 04----07 04 04 07 07----2012 07 2012 2012 2012 

dks dks dks dks izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijh{kk,¡ ijh{kk,¡ ijh{kk,¡ ijh{kk,¡ Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh mlh mlh mlh mlh ifjlj ifjlj ifjlj ifjlj esa esa esa esa vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh A A A A Enrollment No. ds ds ds ds vuqlkj vuqlkj vuqlkj vuqlkj izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ 

d{kk d{kk d{kk d{kk ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ijh{kk ijh{kk ijh{kk dk dk dk dk foLr`r foLr`r foLr`r foLr`r dk;ZØe dk;ZØe dk;ZØe dk;ZØe iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; ds ds ds ds Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd 

jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 001 001 001 001 esa esa esa esa miyC/k miyC/k miyC/k miyC/k gksxk gksxk gksxk gksxk AA 

AA




PART–II, PAPER–XVI 

(Transport Geography) 




A 

¼¼ 

Group–A ¼ 

¼[k.M& [k.M& [k.M&v½ [k.M&v½ 

v½ v½ 

1. Assess the importance of economic and social factors in the development of Transport 

System. 

ifjogu ra= ds fodkl eas vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd dkjdksa ds egÙo dh leh{kk dhft, A 

2. Throw light on the relationship between regional development and transport development. 

{ks=h; fodkl ,oa ifjogu fodkl ds chp ds lEcU/kksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

3. Throw light on the development of various means of transport in India. 

Hkkjr esa ifjogu ds fofHkUu lk/kuksa ds fodkl ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

4. Explain the importance of airways in India. Give an account of the major air routes in 

India. 

Hkkjr esa ok;qekxZ dh egÙkk dks Li"V dhft, A izeq[k ok;q ekxksZa dk fooj.k nhft, A 

5. Write note on the following:— 


(i) Accessibility and Connectivity ¼xE;rk ,oa lEc)rk½ 

(ii) Gravity model in the context of Transport ¼ifjogu ds lanHkZ esa xq:Ro ekWMy½ 

¼¼ 

Group–B ¼ 

¼[k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ [k.M&c½ 

6. Assess the impact of World Trade Organisation on the economy of developing 

Countries. 

fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds vFkZO;oLFkk ij fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds izHkko dh leh{kk dhft, A 

7. Throw light on the distribution and economic importance of trans-continental 

railways. 

ifjegkns'kh; jsyekxZ ds forj.k ,oa vkfFkZd egÙo ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 

8. Give an account of the trade characteristics of the major seaports of the World. 

fo'o ds izeq[k leqnzh iÙkuksa ds O;kikfjd fo'ks"krkvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 

9. How are transport means responsible for environmental degradation ? Explain with 

examples. 

ifjogu lk/ku fdl izdkj i;kZoj.kh; {k; ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gS \ mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft, A 

10. Assess the causes and consequences of vehicular pollution in Indian cities. 

Hkkjr ds uxjksa esa okguh; iznq"k.k ds dkj.k vkSj ifj.kkeksa dh leh{kk dhft, A 

 

ukyUnk ukyUnk ukyUnk ukyUnk [kqyk [kqyk [kqyk [kqyk fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; ds ds ds ds M.A./M.Sc. Geography, Part–II ds ds ds ds lHkh lHkh lHkh lHkh fo|k fo|kÆFk;ksa fo|k fo|kÆFk;ksa 




¼le; ¼le; ¼le; ¼le; % % % % izkr% izkr% izkr% izkr% 7777 cts cts cts cts ls½ ls½ ls½ ls½ iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; ds ds ds ds Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 001 001 001 001 

esa esa esa esa vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh A A A A izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ d{kkvksa d{kkvksa d{kkvksa d{kkvksa ds ds ds ds lEiUu lEiUu lEiUu lEiUu gksus gksus gksus gksus ds ds ds ds mijkUr mijkUr mijkUr mijkUr fnukad fnukad fnukad fnukad 03333----00007777----2012 00 

0 2012 2012 2012 ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa 04 04----07 04 04 07 07----2012 07 2012 2012 2012 

dks dks dks dks izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijh{kk,¡ ijh{kk,¡ ijh{kk,¡ ijh{kk,¡ Hkh Hkh Hkh Hkh mlh mlh mlh mlh ifjlj ifjlj ifjlj ifjlj esa esa esa esa vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr vk;ksftr gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh gksaxh A A A A Enrollment No. ds ds ds ds vuqlkj vuqlkj vuqlkj vuqlkj izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ ijke'kZ 

d{kk d{kk d{kk d{kk ,oa ,oa ,oa ,oa izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ijh{kk ijh{kk ijh{kk dk dk dk dk foLr`r foLr`r foLr`r foLr`r dk;ZØe dk;ZØe dk;ZØe dk;ZØe iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; fo'ofo|ky; ds ds ds ds Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy Hkwxksy foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] foHkkx] iVuk iVuk iVuk iVuk dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] dkWyst] v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd v'kksd 

jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] jktiFk] iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 iVuk&800 001 001 001 001 esa esa esa esa miyC/k miyC/k miyC/k miyC/k gksxk gksxk gksxk gksxk AA 

AA

[k.M ^v* [k.M ^c* - Nalanda Open University

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