JOHN CORIGLIANO, JR. Sonata for Violin and Piano - New World ...

JOHN CORIGLIANO, JR.
Sonata for Violin and Piano (1963)
JOHN CORIGLIANO, Sr. violin—RALPH VOTAPEK piano
GERALD STRANG
Concerto for 'cello with woodwinds and piano (1951)
GABOR REJTO 'cello — ARCHIE WADE flute — NORMAN BENNO oboe
JOHN NEUFELD clarinet — DON CHRISTLIEB bassoon — GERALD STRANG conductor
JOHN CORIGLIANO, JR. (b. New York City, 1938) attended Columbia
University, graduating cum laude in 1959. A composition pupil of Otto Luening,
Paul Creston and the late Vittorio Giannini, he gained initial recognition through
Gian Carlo Menotti's Spoleto, Italy Festival of Two Worlds where his Kaleidoscope for
two pianos was premiered in 1961. That same year, Hugh Ross conducted a chorus and
orchestra in Ncw York in the first performance of Fern Hill, Corigliano's setting of the
Dylan Thomas poem for chorus, mezzo-soprano and orchestra. The Berkshire Music
Festival at Tanglewood was the scene, in 1962, of the premiere of a setting of Stephen
Spender's poem What I Expected Was . . for chorus, brass and percussion, and, in 1964,
the Violin Sonata recorded here, was premiered at the Spoleto Festival. A song cycle to
poems of William Hoffman, The Cloisters, received a first performance in Town Hall in
l965, and, in 1966, the San Francisco Symphony premiered the composer's Elegy for
Orchestra. (All the above works are published by G. Schirmer, Inc.) A newly completed
orchestral overture, numerous smaller works (mostly chamber and vocal) and
incidental music to nearly a dozen plays complete the Corigliano catalog at present. In
progress is a piano concerto commissioned for the 1967-8 season by the San Antonio
Symphony Orchestra and a vocal-chamber work commissioned by LADO for the New
York Chamber Soloists.
Corigliano Jr. has devoted his non-composing hours to writing and musical direction
in the broadcasting fields, having been Music Director of New York's WBAI-FM for
several years, and, previous to that, a programmer and writer for WQXR and
assistant director for the CBS-TV New York Philharmonic Young People's Concerts. At
present, he heads his own organization, Music for the Theatre.
The Violin Sonata was unanimously chosen by judges Walter Piston, Samuel Barber,
Gian Carlo Menotti, Gardner Read and Charles Wadsworth from the over 100 entries
in the 1964 Spoleto-Festival Competition for the Creative Arts (sponsored by Boston
University). This was the first time in the history of the competition that an award was given.
The world premiere of Mr. Corigliano's Violin Sonata took place at the 1964 Spoleto
Festival with violinist Yoko Matsuda and pianist Charles Wadsworth. Roman
Totenberg and Carol Rand gave the American premiere in March, 1965, and
shortly after that, the composer's father and then concertmaster of the New York
Philharmonic, John Corigliano, Sr., performed the work in New York with pianist Ralph
Votapek.

The New York Times critic characterized the Sonata as “. . . an engaging,
extroverted work with plenty of technical skill (which is not rare in today's music)
and personality (which is) behind it . . .” and went on to say that “Mr. Corigliano has
the audacity and the skill to take an old musical joke like the perpetual-motion finale
and restate it in modern terms without sounding simple-minded and without losing
the point ... he has an important future.”
Of the work itself, Mr. Corigliano tells us:
“The Sonata, written during 1962-3, is for the most part a tonal work
although it incorporates non-tonal and poly-tonal sections within it as well
as other 20th century harmonic, rhythmic and constructional techniques.
The listener will recognize the work as a product of an American writer
although this is more the result of an American writing music than writing
'American' music—a second-nature, unconscious action on the composer's
part. Rhythmically, the work is extremely varied. Meters change in almost
every measure, and independent rhythmic patterns in each instrument are
common. The Violin Sonata was originally entitled Duo, and therefore
obviously treats both instruments as co-partners. Virtuosity is of great
importance in adding color and energy to the work which is basically an
optimistic statement, but the virtuosity is always motivated by musical means.
To cite an example: the last movement rondo includes in it a virtuosic
polyrhythmic and polytonal perpetual motion whose thematic material and
accompaniment figures are composed of three distinct elements derived from
materials stated in the beginning of the movement. The 16th-note perpetual
motion theme is originally a counterpoint to the movement's initial theme.
Against this are set two figures—an augmentation of the movement's primary
theme. and, in combination with that, a 5/8 rhythmic ostinato utilized
originally to accompany a totally different earlier passage. All three elements
combine to form a new virtuoso perpetual motion theme which is, of course,
subjected to further development and elaboration.”
The Sonata is in four movements—Allegro, Andantino, Lento and Allegro—tonally
centered around C, D, G minor and D respectively. Use of the interval of a second (and
its inversion, the seventh) serves to unite all four movements motivically, melodically and
harmonically.
The first movement is short and basically non-developmental. A lively theme
introduced by a brief fanfare-like passage, is set mosaic-fashion against the
movement’s other elements. Secondal intervals introduced in the opening theme are
expanded into other brief motives

which result in material utilized for the opening theme of the second movement.
The Andantino is in a modified sonata form, and begins with a statement of the opening
theme
derived from the earlier elements (lc). A variant of this first theme serves as second
theme
and both are combined to form yet a third theme. Out of these elements grow the two
expressive peaks of the movement which concludes as gently as it began.

The third movement is cast as an arch-form recitative and cadenza. A short dramatic
piano solo introduces the violin recitative which uses material from the secondal
interval
and grows in intensity into the cadenza episode, which then brings the tension of line
and dynamics to an even higher peak. When the movement's emotion has been spent, the
piano quietly re-enters, concluding the movement with three hushed echoes of the two-note
secondal motto.
The final movement is a modified rondo which begins with a lively theme
based on triads a second apart. This shortly gives way to a series of violin glissandi
played against a 5/8 ostinato. The perpetual motion episode described earlier follows,
and leads to a breathless new theme
The original statement returns and another build-up ensues, this time culminating in a
piano cadenza and a repeat of the perpetual motion in extended form. A virtuosic
coda follows, and after a brief recollection of the fanfare that opened the sonata, the
movement rushes to its conclusion in a frenetic cascade of seconds.

GERALD STRANG (b. Claresholm,, Alberta, Canada, 1908) is a seasoned veteran of the
“advanced contemporary music” wars, whose work was taken up in the early 1930's by
the late Henry Cowell for his famed New Music Editions series (he was himself
managing editor from 1935-40). Presently Professor of Music and Chairman of the
Music Department at California State College in Long Beach, Dr. Strang has lived and
worked in the U.S. (chiefly on the West coast) since the early 1920's and has taught at
the University of California, and the University of Southern California. His
composition studies have been with Charles Koechlin, Arnold Schoenberg, and Ernst
Toch; and his musicological interests have embraced a variety of studies, including the
production of a dissertation on Dissonance Treatment in the English Madrigals. During World War
II, Dr. Strang worked in the engineering department of Douglas Aircraft, and in the
years since then he has done much work in the field of building acoustics and has been a
consultant to the Bell Telephone Laboratories.
Beginning in 1931 with Mirrorrorrim for piano---a study in inversion technique which
Nicholas Slonimsky has described as “rationalist music,” Dr. Strang has since produced
some two-dozen compositions, including a pair of symphonies (1942 and 1947), a
Sonatina for Clarinet Alone (1931-32—recorded in the 1930's by fellow-composer
Robert McBride on the New Music label), Percussion Music for Three Players (1935—
currently available on Period S 743), a choral setting of Three Excerpts from Walt
Whitman (1950), a Divertimento for Four Instruments (1948), a Violin Sonata (1949),
Concerto Grosso (1950), the 'Cello Concerto recorded here (1951), and Variations for
Four Instruments.
Dr. Strang's most recent works are conceived solely for computer-derived electronic
tape combines, these being Compusition 2 and 3 (1963), Compusition 4 and Experand
(1965), and Compusition 5 (1966).
Speaking of his decision to move in this direction, Dr. Strang observes,
“In the ten years from 1953 to 1963, I wrote very little—nothing of major
scope. It was a period of personal difficulties and major aesthetic readjustment.
I was not attracted to the extremes of determinism or of
indeterminism so strongly espoused in the fifties. And I felt less and less
convinced of the validity of the conventional pitch series dividing the octave
into twelve tones.
“Since 1963, I have been working almost exclusively with computer sound
synthesis and compositional techniques. It has become quite clear that our
traditional pitch system is dispensible. Since it is frozen into our traditional
instruments, they must be given up with the twelve tones-per-octave The rhythmic
limitations of group performance arc equally dispensible.
“The explorations opened up by computer techniques .promise to occupy
me so fully in the future that I have no plans to write further music for human
performance on acoustical instruments.”
Concerning the music recorded here, Dr. Strang notes:
“The Concerto for 'Cello with woodwinds and piano was written during the summer
of 1951 and completed in August. The first performance was at a concert
of the Evenings on the Roof series, at that time still managed by Peter
Yates. The concert took place on February 11, 1952 at West Hollywood

Auditorium. The soloist was Kurt Reher, who is now first ‘cellist of the Los Angeles
Philharmonic Orchestra. It was performed then, and on subsequent
occasions by George Neikrug and Gabor Rejto without conductor. Though I
did conduct the recording and immediately preceding performance, I prefer to
think of the work as chamber music.
“The Concerto is the culminating work of a post-war series embracing the
Three Excerpts from Walt Whitman (for a cappella choir), the Concerto
Grosso, the Divertimento, and Variations for Four Instruments, as well as some
smaller works. Technically, these works share a preoccupation with quartal
sonorities; the use of twelve-tone rows for melodic purposes only; compact,
concentrated structures; and non-tonal material which does not sound 'atonal.'
“All the prominent melodic material of the Concerto consists of straightforward
transformations of twelve-tone series, stated twice at the initial 'cello entry.
The 'cello never departs from this row, except in a few measures where it
assumes an accompanying rule and the thematic material is picked up by
another instrument.
“The vertical sonorities and the melodic material of the supporting instruments
are only loosely related to the row. The preponderance, in the row, of
perfect fourths and fifths and seconds suggests quartal sonorities.
“Formally, the Concerto is a single uninterrupted movement which is built
much like Schoenberg's First Kammersinfonie. It is a kind of expanded
sonata allegro, with portions of the development taking on the character of scherzo
and adagio,
“In a less technical sense, the Concerto allows the 'cello to sing against the
contrasting sounds of the woodwinds, with all other strings eliminated.”
NOTES PREPARED BY D.H.
JOHN CORIGLIANO, Sr., father of composer Corigliano, Jr. needs no introduction
to those who have attended concerts or heard broadcasts and recordings of the New York
Philharmonic since 1935. This New York-born pupil of Leopold Auer was chosen by
Arturo Toscanini to be the orchestra's new concertmaster. During the following thirtyone
years, Mr. Corigliano not only proved himself indispensable to succeeding maestri
such as John Barbirolli, Arthur Rodzinski, Dimitri Mitropoulos and Leonard
Bernstein, but he has played dozens of concerti, familiar and unusual, with the
Philharmonic, in addition to innumerable solo and recital engagements across the
country.
RALPH VOTAPEK, Milwaukee-born, Juilliard-trained (Rosina Lhevinne and
Robert Goldsand) concert virtuoso came into international prominence in 1962 upon
winning the $10,000.00 Van Cliburn International Competition. In the years that
followed, young Votapek has played across the country with most of the major orchestras
and in recital.

GABOR REJTO, Budapest-born and resident in the U. S. since 1939, is among the most
gifted of the many brilliant performing musicians who make their homes on the West
Coast. As chamber musician, he has been associated with the Lener and Gordon string
quartets, and is 'cellist of the Alma Trio which currently records for the Decca Label.
He has headed the 'cello and chamber music departments at the Eastman School of
Music, has been chairman of the string department of the School of Music at the
University of Southern California, and gives master classes at the Music Academy of the
West in Santa Barbara
(Original notes from CRI LP jacket)