PÉPÉ-LE-MOKO: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
PÉPÉ-LE-MOKO: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
PÉPÉ-LE-MOKO: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
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French Algeria, French colonialism in the XIXth and early XXth century,<br />
Orientalism, the Inter-war period<br />
<strong>PÉPÉ</strong>-<strong>LE</strong>-<strong>MOKO</strong>: <strong>HISTORICAL</strong><br />
<strong>BACKGROUND</strong>
French Algeria<br />
1830: Charles X sends troops to Algiers<br />
• June: Algiers is taken<br />
• July Revolution: The Three Glorious Days<br />
July 31: Louis-Philippe becomes King<br />
1830-1847: Algerian resistance<br />
Abd-el-Kader/ Marshal Bugeaud<br />
• 1848: 109,000 settlers, half French
French Colonialism<br />
The Third Republic (1870-1940)<br />
“The Other France”<br />
North Africa<br />
West and Equatorial Africa<br />
The Indian Ocean<br />
Indochina<br />
Oceania
Rationale for XIXth c.<br />
French colonialism<br />
Commercial, military and political interests<br />
Rivalry with England<br />
Make up for the 1871 defeat<br />
The Franco-Pussian War<br />
Cultural ambitions<br />
Mission civilisatrice, “mission to civilize”<br />
Importance of establishing French schools in<br />
colonized countries
Ambiguities of colonialism<br />
Love/hate relationship<br />
Dependency<br />
Exoticism<br />
Orientalism<br />
Racism<br />
No recognition for the “other” cultures
Literature<br />
Exoticism<br />
Prosper Mérimée Carmen (1845)<br />
Georges Bizet’ opera (1875)<br />
Carmen, the passionate gypsy<br />
Pierre Loti Aziyadé (1879)<br />
Appeal of the Oriental woman<br />
Mystery, submissiveness<br />
Appeal of homosexual relationships
Allure of the Orient<br />
Poetry<br />
Victor Hugo<br />
Orientalism<br />
Les Orientales (1829)<br />
Paintings:<br />
Eugène Delacroix<br />
The Death of Sardanapalus (1837)
The death of Sardanapalus
Oriental Women<br />
Sensuousness of the Orient<br />
Harem, veil<br />
European vision<br />
Eugène Delacroix<br />
Women of Algiers in their apartments 1830, 1849<br />
Auguste Renoir<br />
Odalisque 1870
Inter-war period<br />
(1918-1939)<br />
Treaty of Versailles 1919<br />
Rise of Nazi Party in Germany<br />
Jan 1933 Adolf Hitler Chancellor<br />
1934 Führer is chancellor and president<br />
Anti-Semitic policy<br />
Cult of strength
Inter-war period<br />
in France<br />
Devaluation of the franc<br />
After 1920 Tripling of direct taxes<br />
1929 Building of the Maginot Line<br />
Supposedly impregnable defence<br />
From Switzerland to Montmédy, near Verdun
France in 1937<br />
Popular front government 1936-37<br />
Leon Blum<br />
Matignon agreements<br />
40hr working week<br />
2 weeks paid holidays for all<br />
New hope for the working-class
Colonialism and the working<br />
class<br />
Appeal: nationalism, opportunities<br />
Often victims<br />
Profit goes to the bourgeoisie<br />
Deaths of young soldiers in colonial wars<br />
Conflation of criminality and colonial space<br />
Légion étrangère created in 1831<br />
Clean slate policy<br />
Idealized in Édith Piaf Mon légionnaire
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