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20 VASCULUM VOL. LVII. No. 3. <strong>1972</strong> Down the protecting bank came three streams, too small to be shown on any but large-scale maps. On reaching the level ground their courses were hard to trace, having become mere soakways, and were hardly more noticeable at times of year when the weather was wetter. <strong>The</strong> most easterly went more or less directly to the Tees which it joined at the head of the Boat Pool. <strong>The</strong> other two flowed over exposures of two thin limestones on their way down the bank. <strong>The</strong> soakway from one turned to join that of the eastern stream. That from the other, the most westerly, arrived circuitously at the pond and seeped inconspicuously into its south end. <strong>The</strong>re was an equally inconspicuous outflow from the north-west part of the pond, into a channel which soon became slightly more conspicuous and was, for a short distance, too deep to be walked through in Wellingtons. It shallowed again and was almost lost to sight amongst Carex rostrata. It did not, however, peter out but became to the eye - and boot - another soak way along which the water eventually reached Dubby Sike; but Mr. X's recollections make it clear that the sike backed up it in spates, giving it a depth in which fish could swim. Carex rostrata Stokes was the dominant species throughout the swamp, but, amongst the taller sedge, Carex curta Good. was frequent. <strong>The</strong> Pond and Its Vegetation. <strong>The</strong> depth of the pond was taken with a plummet, a camouflaged fishing- line (i.e. one that is a different colour every few inches) and a fishing-rod . It was 70 cm. in the middle and 25 cm. near the narrower, south end. <strong>The</strong> open water was measured along its long axis, which was 4.75 m., and across its breadth on lines 1.60 m. from the north end and 1.50 m. from its south. Those measurements of breadth were 3.50 m. and 1.70 m. respectively, but the term "open water" was allowed to include a strip of Potamogeton polygonifolius leaves which, though at the surface, were transitional between the submerged and normal floating leaves. <strong>The</strong> strip was round the west edge of the pond's wider part. <strong>The</strong> completely open water concealed P. polygonifolius with, submerged type of leaves only. Round the open water was a fairly clearly defined fringe of what appeared to be floating mat, since it wobbled when stepped upon, becoming progressively more unsafe towards the water. Also it offered little resistance to probing with a garden cane, and no resistance once the top few cm. were pierced. Once through the mat, the probings found depths of non-resistance greater than the depth of water at the pond's centre: viz. at N end of pond, 95 cm: ENE, 70 cm: SSE. 85 cm; S, 77 cm: W, 74 cm; and NW, 78 cm. A greater depth under the mat than in the open water was not surprising, as two other small ponds in the reservoir basin were also deeper round the edges than in the middle. <strong>The</strong> width of the floating mat was measured at each of the principal points of the compass. Its shape and that of the open water is shown in fig. 2. <strong>The</strong>re was a fairly consistent zoning of the floating-mat vegetation all round the pond, with Carex aquatilis at the water's edge, Carex rostrata and Glycerla fluitans behind it, and Juncus effusus at the landward edge of the fringe. <strong>The</strong> last named had also penetrated the Carex - Glyceria belt to the water's edge at two points, on opposite sides of the pond and about half-way between inflow and outflow. Floating type leaves of Potamogeton polygonifolius were plentiful among the rush, sedge and grass stems. Other species sparsely present on or in the, floating mat were (nomenclature according to Dandy, 1958):- Callitriche sp, (? Stagnalis), Cardamine pratensis, Epilobium palustre, Equisetum fIuviatile, Galiutn palustre, ? Glyceria declinata, Juncus articulatus, Myosotis secunda, Ranunculus flammula. <strong>The</strong>re were two conspicuous exceptions to the composition of the floating- mat fringe as just described. One was a patch of Eleocharis palustris near the in- flow to the pond. <strong>The</strong> other was a patch of Spliagnurn cuspidatum which appeared to be invading at the pond's opposite end, near the outflow. Neither of those species was to be found elsewhere in or near the floating mat. Where they occurred and the size of the two patches is shown in fig. 2.
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The fifth Harrison Memorial Lecture
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Green Sandpiper: Autumn passage. Tw
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Redpoll; a few scattered individual
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SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE NATUR
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ALLEN, T. W. 1970. The occurrence o
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BARNES, R. 1890. Some additional lo
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BOLD, T. J. 1871/72. Insects of Nor
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BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCE
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CHERRET, J. M. 1961. Ecological res
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, HY
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FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH, J. 1924. The
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GREGORY, S. & SMITH, K. 1967. Local
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HARRISON, J. W. H. 1922. More plant
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HOWSE, R. 1888/90. Catalogue of the
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JOHNSON, M. 1957. The ecology and s
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LEWIS, F. J. 1904. The geographical
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NELSON, T. H. 1890. Bird notes from
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PRESTON, H. 1929. Flint work-sites
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ROLLIN, N. 1931. A preliminary surv
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SMYTHE, J. A. 1926. Minerals of the
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TEMPERLEY, G. W. 1950. Ornithologic
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WAUGHMAN, G. D. 1969. Studies of ni
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WOODWARD, W. B. 1970. Conservation.
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