A review of leguminous fertility-building crops, with particular ...

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A review of leguminous fertility-building crops, Defra project OF0316 2. Rotational aspects Table 2.4. Advantages and disadvantages of grain legumes. Crop Advantages Disadvantages Peas (fresh or dried) • Potential as cash crop, and animal feed • Can be difficult to harvest (especially in wet conditions) as very prone to lodging • Not very competitive, susceptible to weeds • Predators – birds etc must be controlled Field Beans • Animal feed • Easier harvested than peas but lower yield. • Suited to many soils Green/dwarf/ French beans • Potential as cash crop • Pinto beans • Potential for high revenue • (health food premium) Soya beans • Potential for high revenue • Not very competitive (health food premium) • Predators – birds etc must be controlled Navy beans • Potential human consumption. Canning • Lentils • Potential for high revenue • Little known about management Galega, Goat’s rue • (health food premium) Silage or cover crop • Slow to establish Vetchling, sweet pea, chickling vetch • Forage crops or green manures White sweet • Tall growing but straggly in • Bitter at maturity and not palatable clover nature to livestock • Very fast growing and • Too vigorous for undersowing in competitive cereals • Possible toxic effects Chickpea Black bean • Potential grain crop Fenugreek • Quick growing • Not totally frost hardy • Good forage potential • Has pharmaceutically important chemicals • Long productive season (into late autumn) Written by S Cuttle, M Shepherd & G Goodlass Page 26
A review of leguminous fertility-building crops, Defra project OF0316 2. Rotational aspects Table 2.5. Advantages and disadvantages of non- legume cover crops. Crop Advantages Disadvantages Mustard • Good potential for N uptake • Competitive • Quick growing • Large rooting system • Useful to suppress wireworm Stubble turnips populations • Good potential for N uptake • Good winter forage • Need to establish early for good growth • Disease implications for cash • brassica crops Club root host • Not winter hardy • Need to establish early for good growth • Disease implications for cash brassica crops Ryegrass • Non-brassica cover • May be difficult to kill in spring Fodder radish • Good potential for N uptake • Competitive • Quick growing Kale • Good potential for N uptake • Competitive • Quick growing Forage rape • Good potential for N uptake • Competitive • Quick growing • Large rooting system Chicory (usually as part of a mixture) • Good potential for N uptake • Competitive • Quick growing • Deep rooting system • Large biomass produced • Drought resistant • Tolerant of heavy grazing Phacelia • Deep rooting • Winter hardy • Non-brassica cover • Attractive to bees. • Pest control advantages claimed (pers comm) Buckwheat • Tolerates poor soils • Annual Assisted natural regeneration • Need to establish early for good growth • Disease implications for cash • brassica crops Need to establish early for good growth • Disease implications for cash brassica crops • Club root host • Need to establish early for good growth • Disease implications for cash • brassica crops Club root host • Intolerant of high soil N conditions • Frost sensitive • Rapid development • Low cost • Does not control weeds Written by S Cuttle, M Shepherd & G Goodlass Page 27
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