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90 Parasites of the Gastrointestinal Tract I • Pigs acquire infection by ingestion of infective L ; L 3 3 migrates into the wall of the cecum or colon; develops and molts to L within the wall; then returns to 4 lumen, molts again, and matures to adult. • In older animals or on reinfection, larvae may arrest development within the gut wall. • Prepatent period is 17–21 days; if larvae arrest development, the prepatent period is greatly lengthened. Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs • Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum is considered more pathogenic than O. dentatum, producing larger nodules. • Nodular formation may lead to protein-losing enteropathy and hemorrhagic enteritis. • Clinical signs may include anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss, or decreased weight gain; death may result, but is rare. Diagnosis ANTEMORTEM • Eggs may be found on fecal flotation. • Eggs are thin-shelled, oval, 60–80 μm, containing morula with 16–32 cells; may be difficult to differentiate from eggs of Hyostrongylus. • Definitive diagnosis is based on identification of larvae recovered from coproculture (usually not performed by the practitioner).
Parasites of the Gastrointestinal Tract I 91 POSTMORTEM • Adult worms are white, stout, up to 2.0 cm in length. • Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum tends to be found in the cecum and proximal colon; O. dentatum tends to be found more distally. • Species can be differentiated based on esophageal structure and the length of the tail of the female. Treatment and Control • See Table 4–1 for anthelmintics. • Treatment of sows before farrowing and between weaning and remating helps reduce environmental contamination; other control measures are as for A. suum. TRICHURIS SUIS • Worldwide distribution in domestic and wild swine; moderate significance. • Common name: whipworm. Life Cycle • Direct. • Eggs passed in feces; L1 develops within egg in approximately 3 weeks; does not hatch; larvated eggs resistant to freezing. • Pigs acquire infection by ingestion of egg containing infective L1 ; larvae hatch in the small intestine, enter
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Copyright © 2001 by Butterworth-He
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viii Series Preface help us improve
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x Preface When designing this book,
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xii Preface tion with this subject.
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2 Introduction member receives neit
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2 Arthropods Ectoparasites, most of
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• Insects: body divided into thre
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Arthropods 9 • Most ticks cannot
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Arthropods 11 other stages prefer f
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Diagnosis Ticks should be collected
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Mites (Arachnida) Mites can be divi
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Table 2-3 Host, Species, Key Charac
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Common name for facial lesions = sc
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Reportable in some states Skin of l
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Arthropods 23 PNEUMONYSSOIDES (=PNE
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Arthropods 25 coptic mange in dogs.
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thorough cleaning, and high-pressur
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• Nymphs hatch from eggs; three n
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• Trichodectes canis is an interm
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• Heat, carbon dioxide, and movem
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administered at monthly intervals a
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Arthropods 37 • Diagnosis based o
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140 Parasites of the Gastrointestin
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Figure 5-3 Cestode egg featured her
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6 Parasites of the Gastrointestinal
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Parasites of the Gastrointestinal T
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7 Parasites of the Cardiopulmonary
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Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs •
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Parasites of the Cardiopulmonary Sy
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Table 7-1 Comparisons of Morphologi
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Figure 7-1 Fecal flotation from a d
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8 Parasites of Other Organs Nematod
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Parasites of Other Organs 251 Skin,
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Parasites of Other Organs 253 • O
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Parasites of Other Organs 255 Treat
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Parasites of Other Organs 257 • P
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Parasites of Other Organs 259 lymph
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Parasites of Other Organs 261 Uroge
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Parasites of Other Organs 263 Ameri
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Parasites of Other Organs 265 • E
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Parasites of Other Organs 267 • T
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Parasites of Other Organs 269 Life
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Parasites of Other Organs 271 4. Su
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Parasites of Other Organs 273 • C
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Parasites of Other Organs 275 • C
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Parasites of Other Organs 277 • E
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Parasites of Other Organs 279 insem
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Parasites of Other Organs 281 Nervo
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Glossary Aberrant Host: Host in whi
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Glossary 285 nutritional benefit fr
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References and Suggested Reading An
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References and Suggested Reading 28
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A Abomasum, nematode species in rum
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C Calliphora spp., 41 Capillaria sp
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Cows. See Cattle Cryptosporidium sp
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Ectoparasites, 5 Eimeria spp. chara
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Horse flies, 47-48 Horses anthelmin
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Moxidectin for nematodes in cattle,
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Platynosomum fastosum, 72t, 275-277
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Strongylus spp. S. edentatus, 101-1
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Trixacarus caviae, 18t, 27 Trophozo
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