Clinical Changes Caused by the Liver Fluke Metorchis conjunctus in

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784 Watson and Croll occurred in Experiment 1. These changes generally are associated with inflammatory reactions and occur in obstructive jaundice, probably because of increased serum lipid [6, 181. Changes in y globulin were inconsistent in both infected and uninfected cats. This may explain the apparent lack of resistance to re-infection seen in Experiment 3. There was a good correlation between the albumin and globulin change and infection (R = 0.7884; PR>R = 0.001). The a1bumin:globulin ratio was depressed in cat 7 and there was a tendency for it to be depressed, though not significantly, in infected cats in Experiment 1. Leucine aminopeptidase is concentrated in the biliary epithelium and is even more specific as an indicator of biliary disease than alkaline phosphatase. It increased significantly in infected cats. Alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) increased significantly between days 6 and 16 post-infection, suggesting acute hepatocellular damage, even in the absence of clinical signs. While this is an excellent indicator of hepatocellular lesions, it also may be elevated in muscle or cardiac damage. Serum bilirubin was elevated significantly only in cat 7, which had severe icterus. The lack of conclusive hematological or serological abnormalities in metorchiasis in man [7] probably results from the transitoriness of many of these changes. In man, the acute clinical features of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis are brief [lo, 14, 21, 261. Direct mechanical effects can be seen in histological sections. The attachment of the suckers to the biliary epithelium, adherence of hepatocytes and inflammatory cells to the worms, atrophy of the epithelium and the presence of host cells in the parasite's caeca all indicate direct mechanical damage. Lesions ascribed to natural infections of M. albidus in cats in Europe are similar to those seen in our experiments 116, 231. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for a grant to Neil A. Croll, which partially financed this project. Research at the Institute of Parasitology is supported by N.S.E.R.C. and the Formation des Chercheurs et d'Action ConcertCe du Ministere de l'Education du Quebec. References 1 ALLEN, J.A.; WARDLE, R.A.: Fluke disease in Northern Manitoba sledge dogs. Can J Res 10404408, 1934 2 AXELSON, R.D.: Metorchis conjunctus liver fluke infestation in a cat. Can Vet J 3359-360, 1962 3 BHAMERAPRAVATI, N.; THAMMAIRT, W.; VAJRASTHIRA, S.: Liver changes in hamsters infected with a liver fluke of man, Opisthorchis viverrini. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27787-794, 1978 4 CHOI, D.W.; KIM, J.W.; PARK, S.B.: Laboratory findings in symptomless clonorchiasis. Kor J Parasitol88-12, 1970 5 CHOI, W.Y.; LEE, O.R.; LEE, W.K.: Paper electrophoretic pattern of serum protein fractions in various parasitic diseases. Kor J Parasitol 12 157-164, 1974 6 COLES, E.H.: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. W.B. Saunders Company, Toronto, 1974 Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by guest on April 8, 2013
Metorchis in Cats 785 7 EATON, R.D.P.: Meforchiasis-A Canadian Zoonosis. Epidemiol Bull (National Health and Welfare, Canada) 1962-68, 1975 8 ESSEX, H.E.; BOLLMAN, J.L.: Parasitic cirrhosis of the liver in a cat with Opisthorchis pseudofelineus and Metorchis cornplexus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1065-70, 1930 9 GINOVKER, LA.: Reactive changes in the regional lymph nodes in experimental animals after a first infection with Opisthorchis. Voprosy kraevoi infektsionni patologii Tyumen, USSR:171-172, 1973 10 HARTLEY, J.P.R.; DOUGLAS, A.F.: A case of clonorchiasis in England. Br Med J 3575, 1975 11 JORDAN, H.E.; ASHBY, W.T.: Liver fluke (Metorchis conjunctus) in a dog from South Carolina. J Am Vet Med Assoc 131:239-240, 1957 12 KOMIYA, Y.: Clonorchis and clonorchiasis. Adv Parasitol, ed. Dawes, 453-106, 1966. Academic Press, New York 13 KUWAMURA, T.: Studies on experimental clonorchiasis especially on the histochemical change in the liver. Khikoku Acta Med 1228-57, 1958 14 MARKELL, E.K.: Laboratory findings in chronic clonorchiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 15 510-515, 1966 15 MONGEAU, N.: Hepatic distomatosis and infectious canine hepatitis in northern Manitoba. Can Vet J 233-38, 1961 16 NEILSEN, J. CHR.; GUILDAL, J.A.: Distomatose hos en kat forarsaget af ikten Metorchis albidus (Braun, 1893) Looss 1899. Nord Vet Med 26467470, 1974 17 RITCHIE, L.: An ether sedimentation technique for routine stool examination. Bull US Med Dept 8326, 1948 18 SAHAI, B.N.: Electrophoretic studies on the variations in serum protein profiles of golden hamsters infected experimentally with Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1844): globulin fractions. Indian J Exp Biol 11:581-583, 1973 19 SCHALM, O.W.: Notes and comments on feline hematology. Calif Vet 2224-27, 1968 20 SEAH, S.; CHO, K.M.: Experimental clonorchiasis. In: Proc Third Int Cong Parasitol, FACTA Publication, Munich 1:53 1-532, 1974 21 SHIH, W.J.: Positive liver scan in clonorchiasis. JAMA 236: 11 16, 1976 22 SINCLAIR, K.B.: Observations on the clinical pathology of ovine fascioliasis. Br Vet J 118: 37-53, 1962 23 THIERY, G.: Un parasite meconnue du chat: Metorchis albidus. Rec Med Vet 129356-358, 1953 24 URQUHART, G.M.: The pathology of experimental fascioliasis in the rabbit. J Pathol Bacteriol 71:301-310, 1956 25 WYKOFF, D.E.: Studies on Clonorchis sinensis. 111. The host parasite relations in the rabbit and observations on the relative susceptibility of certain laboratory hosts. J Parasitol 44: 461466, 1958 26 YOKOGAWA, M.: Clonorchiasis in Japan. Proc 4th SE Asian Sem Parasitol Trop Med, pp. 209-2 18, 1969 Request reprints from T. G. Watson, c/o Regional Director, Invermay Agricultural Research Centre, Private Bag, Mosgiel, New Zealand. Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by guest on April 8, 2013
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