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Student's Workbook 1A - Shakespeare WA

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Student’s<br />

<strong>Workbook</strong> <strong>1A</strong><br />

three fold shakespeare<br />

Presented by:<br />

In partnership with:


This educational resource was created for <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, as part of<br />

the 2012 ―<strong>Shakespeare</strong> in the Park‖ season of The Comedy of Errors<br />

and The Tempest. This workbook provides various teaching materials to<br />

support senior secondary education programming.<br />

This is a free resource which has been created with the sole purpose of<br />

providing accessible materials and ideas to increase (and encourage)<br />

the value and importance of <strong>Shakespeare</strong>an education. Material<br />

collated within this package has been sourced from online websites.<br />

ALL information and worksheets copied have been acknowledged and<br />

duly referenced. At the time of going to print, the websites mentioned<br />

were accessible and accurate. The material has been collated for<br />

practical usage within the classroom environment, not for financial gain.<br />

We would sincerely appreciate any comments, feedback or suggestions<br />

for improving this document. Please contact us if you wish to use any of<br />

the material located in the package <br />

This material was collated and published by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong> LTD.<br />

38 St Georges Terrace, Perth, Western Australia, 6000.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Acknowledgements<br />

Artistic Director Paige Newmark<br />

General Manager Katie Kent<br />

Education Liaison Elisa Dumitru<br />

Editors<br />

Andrew Kocsis Tiffany Wendt<br />

With additional assistance from<br />

Jenny de Reuck<br />

Cover Design<br />

Karen Smart<br />

Illustrations<br />

Karen Smart Allison Bell<br />

Thanks to<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Introduction to Three Fold <strong>Shakespeare</strong><br />

When approaching this workbook, each ‗scene‘ provides a three ‗fold‘ (or<br />

three step) approach to completing the student objectives. In each ‗scene‘,<br />

three different descriptions are used to provide a bridge to the next ‗scene‘.<br />

The eight individual ‗scenes‘ have been scaffolded towards a final<br />

performance piece. ‗Folds‘ focus predominantly upon the following concepts...<br />

View<br />

Play<br />

Discuss<br />

Research<br />

Read<br />

Write<br />

Perform<br />

– Suggest websites or videos of interest to engage and<br />

focus the learning.<br />

– Provide improvisational tasks or theatre games to<br />

explore subject themes.<br />

– Encourage class discussion as a means to examine the<br />

text, characters or other areas of interest.<br />

– Create opportunities for investigation into the historical<br />

aspects of the text and themes<br />

– Allow the reading and comprehension of textual<br />

examples of the subject and its influences<br />

– Offer scope for creative writing and drawing as a means<br />

of communicating personal ideas<br />

– Provide an arena for staging (in front of the class) a<br />

progression or final assessment piece.<br />

The individual ‗Scenes‘ follow the Department of Education‘s Scope and<br />

Sequence descriptors. This enables the workbook to support the principles of<br />

an effective Drama program and the assessment requirements of each<br />

course. Please note there are direct references to indicate the source of the<br />

various student worksheets. Some worksheets and activities have been<br />

altered to fit the requirement of this package and to link more appropriately<br />

with the scope of the program.<br />

The activities and worksheets included in this package have been chosen to<br />

support the differentiation of learning and the development of individual<br />

learning styles in order to make the program more accessible and inclusive.<br />

Warm up and vocal exercises have not been included in this package as<br />

these aspects are a reflection of the style and preference of the individual<br />

teacher. Please feel free to make use of the resources provided in a manner<br />

which best suits the requirements of your students and your personal teaching<br />

approach.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


View<br />

Write<br />

Perform<br />

Dissembling harlot,<br />

thou art false in all!<br />

The Comedy of Errors<br />

(Act 4, Scene 4)<br />

Locate YouTube clips of comedy in<br />

The Comedy of Errors, then discuss the style shown...<br />

Propeller Theatre Company<br />

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ha6-15TVQOM<br />

Southwest <strong>Shakespeare</strong> Company's production<br />

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6imsiLMyOU<br />

Royal <strong>Shakespeare</strong> Company's<br />

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=-hie-ks6gD8<br />

Identify the comedic elements in The Comedy of Errors,<br />

and compare them to modern day TV Shows...<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12<br />

See page 6<br />

Terms sourced from http://artsalive.ca/pdf/eth/activities/comedy_of_errors_guide.pdf<br />

Use the <strong>Shakespeare</strong>an insult lines to create a comedic<br />

scene in a modern setting...<br />

.<br />

In small groups, improvise a scene<br />

in a Courthouse, a Department Store<br />

or a traditionally “unfunny” location.<br />

Then occasionally use “insult” lines<br />

to change the space into a comedic scene<br />

See pages 7 and 8<br />

Sourced from http://www.pangloss.com/seidel/shake_rule.html


Sources of Humour in The Comedy of Errors<br />

The Situation<br />

Plot:<br />

Character:<br />

Mistaken Identity:<br />

Misunderstanding:<br />

Timing<br />

Coincidence<br />

Physical Humour<br />

Language (Puns,<br />

Images, Bawdy,<br />

Insults, Jokes, Wit<br />

Surprise<br />

Example in the Play<br />

Example in Popular<br />

Culture<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


<strong>Shakespeare</strong>an Insults<br />

Thou artless base-court apple-john<br />

Thou bawdy bat-fowling baggage<br />

Thou beslubbering beef-witted barnacle<br />

Thou bootless beetle-headed bladder<br />

Thou churlish boil-brained boar-pig<br />

Thou cockered clapper-clawed bugbear<br />

Thou clouted clay-brained bum-bailey<br />

Thou craven common-kissing canker-blossom<br />

Thou currish crook-pated clack-dish<br />

Thou dankish dismal-dreaming clotpole<br />

Thou dissembling dizzy-eyed coxcomb<br />

Thou droning doghearted codpiece<br />

Thou errant dread-bolted death-token<br />

Thou fawning earth-vexing dewberry<br />

Thou fobbing elf-skinned flap-dragon<br />

Thou froward fat-kidneyed flax-wench<br />

Thou frothy fen-sucked flirt-gill<br />

Thou gleeking flap-mouthed foot-licker<br />

Thou goatish fly-bitten fustilarian<br />

Thou gorbellied folly-fallen giglet<br />

Thou impertinent fool-born gudgeon<br />

Thou infectious full-gorged haggard<br />

Thou jarring guts-griping harpy<br />

Thou loggerheaded half-faced hedge-pig<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Thou lumpish hasty-witted horn-beast<br />

Thou mammering hedge-born hugger-mugger<br />

Thou mangled hell-hated joithead<br />

Thou mewling idle-headed lewdster<br />

Thou paunchy ill-breeding lout<br />

Thou pribbling ill-nurtured maggot-pie<br />

Thou puking knotty-pated malt-worm<br />

Thou puny milk-livered mammet<br />

Thou qualling motley-minded measle<br />

Thou rank onion-eyed minnow<br />

Thou reeky plume-plucked miscreant<br />

Thou roguish pottle-deep moldwarp<br />

Thou ruttish pox-marked mumble-news<br />

Thou saucy reeling-ripe nut-hook<br />

Thou spleeny rough-hewn pigeon-egg<br />

Thou spongy rude-growing pignut<br />

Thou surly rump-fed puttock<br />

Thou tottering shard-borne pumpion<br />

Thou unmuzzled sheep-biting ratsbane<br />

Thou vain spur-galled scut<br />

Thou venomed swag-bellied skainsmate<br />

Thou villainous tardy-gaited strumpet<br />

Thou warped tickle-brained varlot<br />

Thou wayward toad-spotted vassal<br />

Thou weedy unchin-snouted whey-face<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Read<br />

Write<br />

Play<br />

Read through a review of The Comedy of Errors.<br />

Highlight points where the reviewer employs<br />

description and comparison to discuss characters and<br />

popular culture...<br />

See pages 10 and 11<br />

Write a personal response for The Comedy of Errors<br />

production identifying your opinions...<br />

Try to include aspects like<br />

the effects of the play for you<br />

and whether you found it<br />

believable or interesting, and why<br />

See pages 12 and 13<br />

Devised from http://www.squidoo.com/TheatreReviews<br />

Conduct ‘Hot Seating’ interviews with characters from<br />

The Comedy of Errors, with one individual taking on the<br />

role of the interviewer - asking characters about their<br />

hobbies and interests...<br />

.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


The Comedy of Errors Review<br />

18 March 2011<br />

Propeller, the all-male British theater troupe that routinely turns <strong>Shakespeare</strong> into a<br />

donnybrook, has never hesitated to hit below the belt. Or above it, or behind it, or<br />

right in the buckle. But it has surely never landed as many blows as it does in its<br />

relentlessly punch-drunk production of ―The Comedy of Errors,‖ which runs through<br />

March 27 at the Harvey Theater of the Brooklyn Academy of Music..<br />

Edward Hall‘s eye-popping staging of this early <strong>Shakespeare</strong> comedy works its way<br />

through a wide vocabulary of martial arts moves — boxing jabs, swift kicks to the<br />

rear, karate chops, wrestling locks — and weapons that include nightsticks,<br />

nunchaku sticks, whips, dinner plates and cans of mace. Yet despite such variety, an<br />

air of sameness soon pervades the ancient town of Ephesus, as if one were watching<br />

an endless loop of a particularly frenzied episode of ―The Itchy and Scratchy Show‖<br />

from ―The Simpsons.‖ With a lively mariachi band setting the rhythms for this<br />

production, it‘s not only the beat that goes on and on; the beatings do too.<br />

In the past Propeller has used its no-holds-barred approach to surprisingly unsettling<br />

and illuminating effect. Their twinned interpretations of ―The Taming of the Shrew‖<br />

and ―Twelfth Night‖ (seen at the Brooklyn Academy in 2007) brought out a cruelty in<br />

those works that most directors choose to finesse and that made us think twice about<br />

what we reflexively laugh at.<br />

But if ever a play didn‘t cry out for this company‘s brand of man-handling, it‘s ―The<br />

Comedy of Errors.‖ Scaling up the brutality in what is <strong>Shakespeare</strong>‘s most purely<br />

farcical work is like putting Charlie Sheen on a heavy diet of steroids. There‘s more<br />

than enough testosterone to begin with. And since a Keystone Kops style of mayhem<br />

has been the default setting for ―Errors‖ for many decades, the more startling<br />

approach would have been to turn down the violence and look for the poetry. The<br />

slapstick can almost automatically take care of itself.<br />

As it is, this tale of the chaos and confusion inspired by the convergence of two longseparated<br />

sets of identical twins has been given inspired touches of theatrical<br />

ingenuity, though they are often overwhelmed by the nonstop punching and shouting.<br />

Mr. Hall and the designer Michael Pavelka have reconceived Ephesus as a sort of<br />

Tijuana-type border town, a place where guys go to get drunk, get lucky and get lost.<br />

When Antipholus of Syracuse (Dugald Bruce-Lockhart) arrives here in search of his<br />

long-lost brother, accompanied by his servant, Dromio (Richard Frame), he finds that<br />

festive, presumably potent drinks keep materializing out of nowhere. So does a tribe<br />

of musicians wearing sombreros, who provide a stream of mood-reflecting melody.<br />

These strolling troubadours create the senses-blurring element through which all the<br />

characters swim, and they‘re the best thing in the show.<br />

Traditionally the biggest problem in staging ―Errors‖ is its demand for two pairs of<br />

actors who can pass for mirror images of each other. Mr. Hall‘s production solves this<br />

quite nicely. He introduces the four twins in the play‘s opening scene by having them<br />

materialize as a kind of illuminated Exhibit A, when the travel-weary Aegeon (John<br />

Dougall), tells the story of how he lost his sons.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Mr. Bruce-Lockhart and Mr. Frame, as the visiting Antipholus and Dromio, and Sam<br />

Swainsbury and Jon Trenchard as the home-town Ephesian characters of the same<br />

names, have been attired and coiffed to such distinctively lurid effect that you don‘t<br />

really look beyond the surface. Each set of twins is dressed identically (as this<br />

improbable story demands), and that first superficial double image sticks with you.<br />

Antipholus of Syracuse is a brooding bachelor, given to reflections on identity;<br />

Antipholus of Ephesus is a hedonistic married man, given to buying bling and<br />

consorting with prostitutes. But they share a tendency to beat up their manservants<br />

when they feel they are being disrespected or misinformed. Both Dromios complain<br />

often of being treated as whip-scarred beasts of burden.<br />

In this version, though, it isn‘t only the Dromios who come in for hard treatment.<br />

Physical abuse appears to be the lingua franca of Ephesus. Antipholus of Ephesus‘s<br />

jealous wife, Adriana (Robert Hands), keeps S&M toys in the bedroom; Luciana<br />

(David Newman) her virgin sister, has evidently studied jiujitsu, and the head of the<br />

town priory, the abbess Aemelia (Chris Myles) dresses like a dominatrix and<br />

brandishes a riding crop.<br />

A policeman (Dominic Tighe) has his own nightstick pushed up his rectum, while<br />

another (a conjurer, played by Tony Bell, and tediously embodied here as a Texasstyle<br />

evangelist) suffers having a lighted sparkler inserted in the same orifice. And of<br />

course instances of old-fashioned fisticuffs are legion. The best parts of these acts of<br />

violence are the ways in which they are aurally annotated by different musical<br />

sounds. (The kazoo and the xylophone are particularly well deployed.)<br />

The cast members sustain a high level of vigor, though they let their costumes do<br />

most of their character definition. Mr. Bruce-Lockhart, a loutish Petruchio in<br />

Propeller‘s ―Shrew,‖ makes an impression by showing his (relatively) sensitive side<br />

as the addled Antipholus of Syracuse. And he and Mr. Frame, as his Dromio, are<br />

very funny executing what is perhaps the ultimate ―How fat is she?‖ routine.<br />

Since nearly all the characters exist in a state of high exasperation, they tend to<br />

speak fast and frantically. This means that some of what they say will be<br />

incomprehensible to theatergoers unfamiliar with the text. What with problems of<br />

inaudibility afflicting the Broadway revival of Tom Stoppard‘s ―Arcadia,‖ imported<br />

British-born productions would seem to be in surprising need of elocution lessons.<br />

Ben Brantley<br />

Source: http://theater.nytimes.com/2011/03/19/theater/reviews/propellers-comedy-of-errorsat-brooklyn-academy-review.html<br />

What is your opinion of this review? Why?<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Reviewing a production<br />

A good theatre review does not merely summarize the plot of<br />

The Comedy of Errors.<br />

It provides the reader with any necessary—or interesting—background for<br />

understanding the play and its production: information about the playwright,<br />

the historical or cultural context of the play, previous important productions,<br />

media hype surrounding the play, and so on. It describes important details of<br />

the production—such as acting, direction and staging—and how these factors<br />

contribute to the play's total impact.<br />

Personal Response<br />

Reviewers are audience members first and critics second. Your first reactions<br />

will be personal responses to questions such as these:<br />

Is the play interesting?<br />

Does it capture your interest and hold<br />

it?<br />

What most interests you—-the plot?<br />

characters? theme? dialogue?<br />

production (sets, props, lighting,<br />

sound, costumes, and makeup)?<br />

Is the play convincing?<br />

Do you accept what you see?<br />

Even if the play is not realistic, are you<br />

willing to make what the critic Samuel<br />

Taylor Coleridge called a "willing<br />

suspension of disbelief"?<br />

That is, you know you are watching a<br />

play, not reality, but you agree to be<br />

convinced by what you see.<br />

Is the play moving?<br />

Do you feel something or respond to<br />

something?<br />

Do you laugh? cry? sympathize with<br />

the characters or their situation? feel<br />

the suspense or mystery?<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Is the play stimulating?<br />

Does it give you something to think<br />

about?<br />

Does it give you new ideas? make a<br />

point you hadn't considered? give a<br />

new insight into some part of life?<br />

The Play’s Effect<br />

Asking yourself the following questions is a way of extending your analysis of<br />

the play:<br />

What does this performance do for<br />

me?<br />

Does it tell me something about being<br />

a human being, about people's<br />

motivations, behavior, fears, desires,<br />

relationships?<br />

What does this performance do for the<br />

community?<br />

Does it enable me to recognize social<br />

injustice or political corruption, or to<br />

encourage me to think about how to<br />

solve such problems?<br />

What does this performance do for the<br />

theatre?<br />

Does the performance provide<br />

playwrights and directors with new<br />

ways to write or stage drama?<br />

What does this performance do simply<br />

as entertainment?<br />

Does the experience satisfy those in<br />

the audience basically looking for<br />

diversion?<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Write<br />

Discuss<br />

Perform<br />

Re-create a scene from The Comedy of Errors using text<br />

speak. Choose a piece of dialogue, or use the one<br />

attached to create a whole conversation...<br />

I WS ONLY 2 GT U FRM TH<br />

MRKT AND BRNG U 2 YR<br />

HOUS FR LNCH<br />

The Comedy of Errors<br />

(Act 1, Scene 2)<br />

See pages 15 and 16<br />

Based on http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/<br />

lesson_images/lesson857/interp-projects.pdf<br />

Explore the comedic aspects of The Comedy of Errors,<br />

comparing to different comedic plays. How are they<br />

different and what is similar?...<br />

See pages 17 and 18<br />

Obtained from<br />

http://shakespeare.about.com/od/thecomedies/a/<strong>Shakespeare</strong>_Comedy.htm<br />

Perform the text message ‘conversations’ to the class.<br />

Focus on the isolating<br />

aspects of ‘texting’,<br />

while remaining on<br />

stage with your<br />

partner. The aim of<br />

these scenes is the<br />

creation of a<br />

presentational<br />

performance...<br />

.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


The Comedy of Errors – Act 1 Scene 2<br />

ANTIPHOLUS OF SYRACUSE<br />

Come, Dromio, come, these jests are out of season;<br />

Reserve them till a merrier hour than this.<br />

Where is the gold I gave in charge to thee?<br />

DROMIO OF EPHESUS<br />

To me, sir? why, you gave no gold to me.<br />

ANTIPHOLUS OF SYRACUSE<br />

Come on, sir knave, have done your foolishness,<br />

And tell me how thou hast disposed thy charge.<br />

DROMIO OF EPHESUS<br />

My charge was but to fetch you from the mart<br />

Home to your house, the Phoenix, sir, to dinner:<br />

My mistress and her sister stays for you.<br />

ANTIPHOLUS OF SYRACUSE<br />

In what safe place you have bestow'd my money,<br />

Or I shall break that merry sconce of yours<br />

That stands on tricks when I am undisposed:<br />

Where is the thousand marks thou hadst of me?<br />

DROMIO OF EPHESUS<br />

I have some marks of yours upon my pate,<br />

Some of my mistress' marks upon my shoulders,<br />

But not a thousand marks between you both.<br />

If I should pay your worship those again,<br />

Perchance you will not bear them patiently.<br />

ANTIPHOLUS OF SYRACUSE<br />

Thy mistress' marks? what mistress, slave, hast thou?<br />

DROMIO OF EPHESUS<br />

Your worship's wife, my mistress at the Phoenix;<br />

She that doth fast till you come home to dinner,<br />

And prays that you will hie you home to dinner.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Instant Messages or Text Messages<br />

Use modern-day speech (or text speech) to create a conversation between<br />

two characters from the play The Comedy of Errors<br />

Sender:<br />

Sender:<br />

Sender:<br />

Sender:<br />

Sender:<br />

Sender:<br />

Message:<br />

Message:<br />

Message:<br />

Message:<br />

Message:<br />

Message:<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Common Features of a <strong>Shakespeare</strong> Comedy<br />

What makes a <strong>Shakespeare</strong> comedy identifiable if the genre is not<br />

distinct from the <strong>Shakespeare</strong>an tragedies and histories? This is an<br />

ongoing area of debate, but many believe that the comedies share<br />

certain characteristics, as described below:<br />

Comedy through language: <strong>Shakespeare</strong> communicated his<br />

comedy through language and his comedy plays are peppered<br />

with clever word play, metaphors and insults.<br />

Love: The theme of love is prevalent in every <strong>Shakespeare</strong><br />

comedy. Often, we are presented with sets of lovers who, through<br />

the course of the play, overcome the obstacles in their<br />

relationship and unite.<br />

Complex plots: The plotline of a <strong>Shakespeare</strong> comedy contains<br />

more twists and turns than his tragedies and histories. Although<br />

the plots are convoluted, they do follow similar patterns. For<br />

example, the climax of the play always occurs in the third act and<br />

the final scene has a celebratory feel when the lovers finally<br />

declare their love for each other.<br />

Mistaken identities: The plot is often driven by mistaken identity.<br />

Sometimes this is an intentional part of a villain’s plot, as in Much<br />

Ado About Nothing when Don John tricks Claudio into believing<br />

that his fiancé has been unfaithful through mistaken identity.<br />

Characters also play scenes in disguise and it is not uncommon for<br />

female characters to disguise themselves as male characters.<br />

<strong>Shakespeare</strong>’s 17 comedies are the most difficult<br />

to classify because they overlap in style with<br />

other genres. Critics often describe some plays as<br />

tragi-comedies because they mix equal measures<br />

of tragedy and comedy. For example, Much Ado<br />

About Nothing starts as a <strong>Shakespeare</strong> comedy,<br />

but takes on the characteristics of a tragedy<br />

when Hero is disgraced and fakes her own death.<br />

At this point, the play has more in common with<br />

Romeo and Juliet, one of <strong>Shakespeare</strong>’s key<br />

tragedies.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Description of Comedic convention<br />

Examples from <strong>Shakespeare</strong>‘s plays<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Discuss<br />

Play<br />

Perform<br />

Discuss some of the statements regarding<br />

<strong>Shakespeare</strong>’s comedies, and their relevance for a<br />

modern audience...<br />

- <strong>Shakespeare</strong>’s comedies are not funny<br />

- The Comedy of Errors is a farce<br />

- There is very little reality to <strong>Shakespeare</strong>’s world<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12<br />

See page 20<br />

Obtained from http://artsalive.ca/pdf/eth/activities/comedy_of_errors_guide.pdf<br />

Improvise the whole of The Comedy of Errors in under<br />

five minutes. In small groups, one student narrates the<br />

story while the remaining students perform the<br />

scenes...<br />

Like the game ‘Typewriter’, students may<br />

improvise with or without dialogue, while<br />

predominately being guided by the narrator.<br />

The group could perform one of the statements from<br />

‘Fold 1’ as a means to communicate a moral message<br />

Improvise a ‘new’ <strong>Shakespeare</strong>an scene for a comedy,<br />

based on the established conventions of his comedies...<br />

.<br />

You could improvise a scene between...<br />

-Two jesters meeting in a war<br />

- Disguised twins fooling each other<br />

- Two families lost in a supermarket


Purpose of <strong>Shakespeare</strong>’s Comedies<br />

“Laughter is nothing else than sudden glory." - Thomas Hobbes<br />

“One excellent test of the civilization of a country ...I ta´e to be the<br />

flourishing of the Comic idea and Comedy.” - George Meredith<br />

Comedy is, of course, intended to amuse us. Often it makes us think,<br />

too. There are many genres of comedy. Some are Satire, Parody, Farce,<br />

Black Comedy, Comedy of Manners, Slapstick, Romantic Comedy, Sitcoms,<br />

Stand-up Comedy.<br />

Comedy is one of the original four genres of literature as defined by<br />

Aristotle in his Poetics. Aristotle defines Literature, in general, as a<br />

mimesis, or imitation of life. Comedy is the third genre of literature, the<br />

farthest away from a true mimesis.<br />

For Aristotle, all comedies begin with a person of low status unable to<br />

achieve what he wants. By the end of the story or play that person has<br />

won the prize he was seeking. Comedies often use the supernatural, and<br />

magic. All comedies end happily.<br />

Elizabethan Comedy<br />

"Comedy", in Elizabethan times, had a very different meaning from<br />

modern comedy. A <strong>Shakespeare</strong>an comedy is one that has a happy<br />

ending, usually involving marriage between the unmarried characters,<br />

and a light tone and style. Patterns in the comedies include movement<br />

to a "green world" (an innocent world), internal and external conflicts,<br />

and a tension between order and serenity on the one hand, and frenzy<br />

or chaos on the other.<br />

What aspects of comedy can you locate in The Comedy of Errors?<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Play<br />

Perform<br />

Write<br />

In small groups, present a short ‘dictionary’ description<br />

of <strong>Shakespeare</strong>’s comedic conventions. One student<br />

narrates, while the remaining students act it out...<br />

- Act out a shipwreck and separated lovers<br />

- Define mistaken identity with examples<br />

- Explain the comedic nature of the twins<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12<br />

See page 22<br />

Obtained from http://artsalive.ca/pdf/eth/activities/comedy_of_errors_guide.pdf<br />

In small groups, create five tableaus depicting either<br />

the comedy and/or the ‘love’ of each Act. It should be<br />

clear in each tableau which characters are being<br />

represented...<br />

Try focusing on the conventions<br />

from ‘Fold 1’, as this will help to<br />

communicate more clearly to an audience.<br />

Explore the structure of The Comedy of Errors by<br />

storyboarding your tableaus. Try to illustrate the<br />

position and intent of each character represented...<br />

See page 23


Conventions of <strong>Shakespeare</strong>an Romantic Comedy<br />

1. The main action is about love, about separation and re-unification.<br />

There is a struggle of traditional rivals to overcome a difficulty, which is<br />

often presented by young people. The lovers must overcome obstacles<br />

before being united. The ending frequently has several couples getting<br />

married, and an actual celebration, in dance, song, or feast.<br />

2. Frequently, the play contains the improbable, the supernatural, or the<br />

miraculous, with unbelievable coincidences, scenes of mistaken identity,<br />

disregard for the social order, instant conversions, enchanted or foreign<br />

settings, and supernatural beings (witches, fairies, gods and goddesses).<br />

The happy ending may be brought about through supernatural or divine<br />

intervention, or may involve improbable plot twists.<br />

3. <strong>Shakespeare</strong> uses stock characters extensively in his early plays, and<br />

occasionally in his later work. A clever servant often helps to bring the<br />

ending about.<br />

4. The themes involve important issues, such as personal identity, the<br />

importance of love, the power of language, poetry and art; the conflict<br />

between appearance and reality.<br />

5. There is frequent word play, with wit, jokes and punning.<br />

What examples can you locate from the text?<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Storyboarding The Comedy of Errors<br />

Draw a significant image from each<br />

Act in the play.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Play<br />

Discuss<br />

Rehearse<br />

Create a PowerPoint presentation (or use a similar<br />

presentation program) to outline the entire play in ten<br />

to fifteen modern images with text...<br />

As the presentation<br />

is for modern audiences,<br />

the images could be<br />

downloaded or created in class<br />

Based on http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson<br />

_images/lesson857/interp-projects.pdf<br />

Discuss the importance of the text in association with<br />

the images used in the PowerPoint presentation...<br />

View the ‘Visualizing the Dramatic Structure’ @<br />

http://www.flickr.com/photos/peterpaulrubens/<br />

sets/72157624627941584/with/4848600769/<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12<br />

See page 25<br />

Can you use images alone,<br />

or do you also need to ‘talk’<br />

directly to your audience?<br />

Return to the script from ‘Scene 3, Fold 1’, and begin to<br />

rehearse your final performance piece. Work beyond<br />

the expectation of the ‘traditional’ performance, while<br />

still focusing on the comedy within it. Try it as a<br />

presentational performance... how does it change?


Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Rehearse<br />

Write<br />

Discuss<br />

Rehearse and improve your presentational piece. The<br />

piece is based on your group’s interpretation of Act 1,<br />

Scene 2 from The Comedy of Errors...<br />

Reflect on the process of creating your performance.<br />

Discuss the performative elements employed, and what<br />

work is still required...<br />

Share this information with your<br />

partner as it provides an opportunity<br />

for significant improvements as part<br />

of the rehearsal process.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12<br />

See page 27<br />

Discuss the requirements of the performance and the<br />

technologies needed. These include costumes, props,<br />

music, etc...


Reflecting on the process<br />

Describe aspects of your performance that still require focus.<br />

Performance<br />

Elements<br />

acting<br />

blocking<br />

diction<br />

facial expression<br />

gestures<br />

movement<br />

projection<br />

vocal expression<br />

Describe aspects of the performance that are prepared.<br />

Performance<br />

Elements<br />

acting<br />

blocking<br />

diction<br />

facial expression<br />

gestures<br />

movement<br />

projection<br />

vocal expression<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Play<br />

Perform<br />

Write<br />

Create your own warm-up for the class. Design and<br />

perform a short warm-up that gets everyone focused<br />

and prepared for the performances...<br />

This ‘Scene’ is focused on the presentation of each<br />

group’s performance. The finished piece requires a<br />

strong sense and use of space, as well as minimal<br />

employment of technologies to aid the performance...<br />

Provide feedback on the other performances, using the<br />

review terminology employed at the beginning of the<br />

unit...<br />

This is not the means to be negative,<br />

rather a way to critically respond<br />

to the work and concepts of others<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12<br />

See page 28


Group:<br />

Group:<br />

Group:<br />

Group:<br />

Group:<br />

Performance Feedback<br />

Write feedback on the other group‘s performances.<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12


Images<br />

Royal <strong>Shakespeare</strong> Company's The Comedy of Errors<br />

http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2009/may/20/review-comedy-of-errors<br />

Bag&Baggage Production of The Comedy of Errors<br />

http://www.oregonlive.com/performance/index.ssf/2009/01/theater_review_co<br />

medy_of_error.html<br />

Royal <strong>Shakespeare</strong> Company's The Comedy of Errors<br />

http://www.curtainup.com/comedyoferrorsrsc.html<br />

Commonwealth <strong>Shakespeare</strong> Company‘s The Comedy of Errors<br />

http://thephoenix.com/boston/arts/88066-twin-peaks/<br />

Royal <strong>Shakespeare</strong> Company's The Comedy of Errors<br />

http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2010/apr/09/comedy-of-errors-review<br />

The Indiana Festival Theatre‘s The Comedy of Errors<br />

http://indianapublicmedia.org/arts/comedy-review/<br />

Open Air Theatre‘s The Comedy of Errors<br />

http://www.musicomh.com/theatre/lon_comedy-errors_0610.htm<br />

St. Andrew‘s Catholic School‘s The Comedy of Errors<br />

http://www.sacs.nsw.edu.au/academic/drama__1/drama<br />

UVU Educational Resources<br />

https://open.uvu.edu/login/index.php<br />

‗Visualizing the Dramatic Structure‘ of The Comedy of Errors<br />

http://www.flickr.com/photos/peterpaulrubens/sets/72157624627941584/with/<br />

4848600769/<br />

Kingsmen <strong>Shakespeare</strong> Company‘s of The comedy of Errors<br />

http://www.fillmoregazette.com/arts-entertainment/shakespeare-festival-startscomedy<br />

Thredbo Blues Concert‘s Comedy of Errors<br />

http://www.ciau.com.au/snow/rrhist3.asp?rrid=122&mth=<br />

Created by <strong>Shakespeare</strong> <strong>WA</strong>, Murdoch University and supported by Healthway © 2011/12

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