Definition and technical status of Biorefineries - Biorefinery
Definition and technical status of Biorefineries - Biorefinery
Definition and technical status of Biorefineries - Biorefinery
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BioreFuture 2008, Tuesday 12 February 2008, Brussels<br />
Project no.: 44336-FP6-2005-SSP-5A<br />
Acronym: BIOPOL<br />
<strong>Definition</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>technical</strong> <strong>status</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Biorefineries</strong><br />
presented by:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Birgit Kamm<br />
Scientific Director, Research Institute biopos e.V., 14513 Teltow-Seeh<strong>of</strong>, Germany, kamm@biopos.de<br />
<strong>and</strong> Br<strong>and</strong>enburg University <strong>of</strong> Technology Cottbus<br />
1
Project no.: 44336-FP6-2005-SSP-5A<br />
Acronym: BIOPOL<br />
BioreFuture 2008, Tuesday 12 February 2008<br />
<strong>Definition</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>technical</strong> <strong>status</strong> <strong>of</strong> biorefineries<br />
Content:<br />
1. Introduction<br />
2. <strong>Definition</strong><br />
3. Systems<br />
4. Technical objectives <strong>and</strong> future solicitation<br />
5. Technical <strong>status</strong><br />
6. Platform chemicals<br />
7. Summary<br />
6. LCF <strong>Biorefinery</strong> Demonstration Plant<br />
2
1. Introduction<br />
<strong>Definition</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>technical</strong> <strong>status</strong> <strong>of</strong> biorefineries<br />
Biorefining is the transfer <strong>of</strong> the efficiency <strong>and</strong> logic<br />
<strong>of</strong> fossil-based chemistry <strong>and</strong> substantial converting<br />
industry as well as the production <strong>of</strong> energy onto the<br />
biomass industry.<br />
Kamm B, Gruber, P.R., Kamm, M.;<br />
<strong>Biorefineries</strong>, Industrial Processes <strong>and</strong> Products, Ullmann’s Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> Industrial Chemistry,<br />
7th ed., WILEY-VCH, 2007<br />
3
1. Introduction<br />
Biobased Products<br />
Bio Economy<br />
Product <strong>and</strong> Energy Market<br />
BioEnergy / BioPower<br />
<strong>Biorefineries</strong><br />
Biogenic Raw Materials<br />
3-pillar model <strong>of</strong> a future<br />
biobased economy<br />
BioFuels<br />
It is absolutely necessary<br />
to develop solutions in three sustainable<br />
<strong>and</strong> biobased sectors:<br />
Biopower/Bioenergy (electricity <strong>and</strong> heat)<br />
Bi<strong>of</strong>uels (transportation fuels)<br />
Biobased Products (chemicals/materials)<br />
in context <strong>of</strong> a biobased economy.<br />
4
1. Introduction<br />
Fuels<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
Energy<br />
Petroleum<br />
Chemistry<br />
Fuels<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
Energy<br />
- Bioethanol,<br />
- Biodiesel, Biogas<br />
- Hydrogen<br />
Biomass<br />
Material Utilisation,<br />
Chemistry<br />
- Basic <strong>and</strong> Fine<br />
chemicals,<br />
- Biopolymers <strong>and</strong> Bioplastics<br />
Refinery <strong>Biorefinery</strong><br />
Biobased industrial products can only compete with petro-chemically<br />
based products if the raw materials are optimally exploited <strong>and</strong> a<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> value-creating chains are developed <strong>and</strong> established.<br />
development <strong>of</strong> substance-converting basic product systems <strong>and</strong><br />
multi product systems, especially biorefineries.<br />
5
2. <strong>Definition</strong><br />
<strong>Definition</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>technical</strong> <strong>status</strong> <strong>of</strong> biorefineries<br />
<strong>Biorefinery</strong> is the sustainable processing <strong>of</strong> biomass into<br />
spectrum <strong>of</strong> marketable products <strong>and</strong> energy.<br />
www.biorefinery.nl/biopol<br />
6
3. Systems<br />
<strong>Biorefineries</strong> combine necessary technologies between<br />
biological raw materials <strong>and</strong> the industrial intermediates <strong>and</strong> final products.<br />
Agriculture, Forestry<br />
Raw Material<br />
Special Substances:<br />
Pigments,<br />
Dyes,<br />
Aromatic Essences,<br />
Flavours,<br />
Enzymes,<br />
Hormones,<br />
<strong>and</strong> other<br />
Conversion <strong>of</strong><br />
Raw Material<br />
<strong>Biorefinery</strong><br />
Primary Refinery<br />
Complex<br />
Substances<br />
Inorganic<br />
Substances.<br />
Energy<br />
Carbohydrates<br />
After providing code-defined basic substances (via fractionation) it is<br />
necessary to develop industrially relevant Product Family Trees.<br />
Kamm, B.; Kamm, M.; Principles <strong>of</strong> <strong>Biorefineries</strong>. Appl. Microbiol, Biotechnol., (AMB), 64 (2004) 137-145<br />
Lignin<br />
Fats<br />
Proteins<br />
Special<br />
Substances<br />
Industry<br />
Product lines<br />
Product lines<br />
Product lines<br />
Product lines<br />
Product lines<br />
7
3. Systems<br />
Four <strong>Biorefinery</strong> Systems have been identified <strong>and</strong> described for<br />
research, development <strong>and</strong> practice:<br />
• The Whole Crop <strong>Biorefinery</strong> (WC-BR) (WC BR)<br />
raw material: cereals, maize etc..<br />
• The Green <strong>Biorefinery</strong> (G-BR) (G BR)<br />
raw material: ‘nature-wet’ biomasses, green grass, lucerne, clover,<br />
immature cereals a.o..<br />
The Lignocellulose Feedstock <strong>Biorefinery</strong> (LCF-BR) (LCF BR)<br />
• The<br />
raw material: ‘nature-dry’ biomasses, wood, straw, corn stover,<br />
cellulose-containing biomass <strong>and</strong> waste.<br />
The Two-Platform Two Platform Concept<br />
production <strong>of</strong> syngas <strong>and</strong>/or sugar as platforms for biobased<br />
products <strong>and</strong> fuels.<br />
www.biorefinery.nl/biopol<br />
8
Whole Crop <strong>Biorefinery</strong><br />
(dry mill)<br />
Lignocellulosic Feedstock<br />
<strong>Biorefinery</strong><br />
3. Systems<br />
Whole Crop<br />
Cereals<br />
- Dry Mill -<br />
Lignocellulosic<br />
Feedstock<br />
(LCF)<br />
Grain<br />
‘biotechn./chemical’<br />
‘physical/chemical’<br />
Flour (Meal)<br />
‘physical/chemical’<br />
Residues<br />
Cogeneration<br />
( CHP )<br />
Heat <strong>and</strong> Power<br />
Straw<br />
‘biotechn./chemical’<br />
Cellulose<br />
‘biotech./chemical’<br />
Residues<br />
Hemicellulose<br />
‘biotech./chemical’<br />
Cogeneration<br />
( CHP )<br />
Heat <strong>and</strong> Power<br />
Lignin<br />
‘chemical’<br />
Starch line,<br />
Sugar<br />
Raw material<br />
Fuels,<br />
Chemicals,<br />
Polymers <strong>and</strong><br />
Materials<br />
Lignocellulosic<br />
Raw material<br />
Sugar<br />
Raw material<br />
Fuels,<br />
Chemicals,<br />
Polymers <strong>and</strong><br />
Materials<br />
Lignin<br />
Raw material<br />
Green<br />
Biomass<br />
Techn. Press<br />
Biomass<br />
Press Juice<br />
‘biochemical’<br />
‘biotechnol./physical’<br />
Residues<br />
Biogas,<br />
Cogeneration<br />
( CHP )<br />
Heat <strong>and</strong> Power<br />
Residues<br />
Press Cake<br />
‘hydrothermal’<br />
‘enzymatic’<br />
‘ thermal chemical’<br />
Sugar Platform<br />
‘biochemical’<br />
Residues<br />
Cogeneration<br />
( CHP)<br />
Heat <strong>and</strong> Power<br />
Clean Gas<br />
SynGas Platform<br />
‘gasification’<br />
‘thermal chemical’<br />
Kamm, B.; Gruber, P.R.; Kamm, M.; <strong>Biorefineries</strong>, Industrial Processes <strong>and</strong> Products, Wiley-VCH, 2006<br />
Green <strong>Biorefinery</strong><br />
The Two-Platform Concept<br />
Proteins,<br />
Soluble Sugars<br />
Feed, Fuels,<br />
Chemicals,<br />
Polymers <strong>and</strong><br />
Materials<br />
Cellulose<br />
Lignocellulose<br />
Sugar<br />
Raw material<br />
Fuels,<br />
Chemicals,<br />
Polymers <strong>and</strong><br />
Materials<br />
conditioning<br />
Gas<br />
9
3. Technical Objectives & Future Solicitation<br />
Existing Starch<br />
Based<br />
<strong>Biorefineries</strong>: Wet &<br />
Dry Mills<br />
2000<br />
Integrated <strong>Biorefinery</strong> -Technical Objectives & Future Solicitations<br />
Completed solicitation<br />
Planed solicitation<br />
Fractionation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the feedstock to<br />
access the high value<br />
products prior<br />
ethanol production<br />
2005<br />
Increase ethanol<br />
production by access<br />
to residual starch &<br />
increased protein in<br />
co-products<br />
Fractionation <strong>of</strong><br />
residues in Dry<br />
Mills for new coproducts<br />
from<br />
lignin<br />
2010<br />
Kaempf, D.; 1 st International <strong>Biorefinery</strong> Workshop, Washington D.C.; July 20-21, 2005<br />
Integrated Industrial<br />
<strong>Biorefinery</strong>:<br />
multiple feedstocks<br />
fractionated to high<br />
value products for<br />
economics <strong>and</strong> fuel<br />
production drive scale<br />
2020<br />
Fractionation <strong>of</strong><br />
grain <strong>and</strong> residues,<br />
introduction <strong>of</strong> energy<br />
crops in dry mills<br />
10
Existing biorefineries, Phase I, (Selection)<br />
Plants<br />
Sugar <strong>and</strong><br />
Ethanol<br />
production<br />
Corn hydrolysis<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
Ethanol<br />
Production<br />
Corn hydrolysis/<br />
Sugar <strong>and</strong><br />
Ethanol<br />
production<br />
BIOPOL, WP 1, Assessment Technical Status, 2007<br />
Raw material<br />
Sugar cane<br />
Maize corn<br />
Cereal Corn<br />
Sugar beet<br />
Country<br />
Brasilien<br />
17 billion litre/a<br />
U.S.A.<br />
22 billion litre/a<br />
EU<br />
1,5 billion litre/a<br />
In construction<br />
till mid 2008<br />
3,4 billion litre/a<br />
11
Existing biorefineries, Phase II, (Selection)<br />
Plants<br />
Corn hydrolysis<br />
& Lactic acid<br />
Fermentation &<br />
PLA production<br />
Corn hydrolysis<br />
& 1,3-Prop<strong>and</strong>iol<br />
Fermentation<br />
BIOPOL, WP 1, Assessment Technical Status, 2007<br />
Raw material<br />
Maize-Corn<br />
Maize<br />
Corn<br />
Country<br />
U.S.A.<br />
200 kt LA/a<br />
140 kt PLA/a<br />
U.S. A.<br />
45kt/a PDO<br />
In construction biorefineries, Phase II, (Selection)<br />
Plants<br />
Ethanol-<br />
Fermentation<br />
&Dehydration<br />
&PE Production<br />
Raw material<br />
Sugar cane<br />
Sugar cane<br />
Country<br />
Brazil<br />
(1) 350 kt/a<br />
Start 2011<br />
(2) 200kt/a<br />
12
Europe: In construction biorefineries, Phase II, (Selection)<br />
Plants/<br />
Company<br />
Country<br />
LCF biorefinery<br />
Abengoa Bioenergy<br />
Spain<br />
LCF biorefinery<br />
Icel<strong>and</strong>ic Biomass<br />
Icel<strong>and</strong><br />
Green biorefinery<br />
Austria<br />
Industrial Consortium<br />
Green biorefinery<br />
Germany<br />
Industrial Consortium<br />
BIOPOL, WP 1, Assessment Technical Status, 2007<br />
Raw material<br />
(Capacity)<br />
Corn stower<br />
Wheat straw<br />
Hay (70t/d)<br />
Alaska<br />
Lupine Straw<br />
Barley Straw<br />
Hay (20kt/yr)<br />
Grass<br />
(5t/h)<br />
Alfalfa/ wild<br />
mix grass<br />
(30kt/a)<br />
Main-Products<br />
Ethanol<br />
Lignin<br />
Ethanol<br />
Lignin<br />
Lactic acid,<br />
amino acid<br />
Fibres, biogas<br />
Proteins,<br />
Lactic acid<br />
Animal feeds,<br />
13<br />
biogas
Integrated <strong>Biorefinery</strong> Options<br />
Hydrolysis<br />
Acids, enzymes<br />
Gasification<br />
High heat, low<br />
oxygen<br />
Digestion<br />
Bacteria<br />
Pyrolysis<br />
Catalysis, Heat,<br />
Pressure<br />
Extraction<br />
Mechanical,<br />
Chemical<br />
Separation<br />
Mechanical,<br />
Chemical<br />
Sugars <strong>and</strong> Lignin<br />
Synthesis Gas<br />
Bio-Gas<br />
Bio-Oil<br />
Carbon-Rich Chains<br />
Plant Products<br />
Kaempf, D.; 1 st International <strong>Biorefinery</strong> Workshop, Washington D.C.; July 20-21, 2005<br />
Use:<br />
Fuels<br />
Ethanol<br />
Biodiesel<br />
Hydrogen<br />
Power<br />
Electricity<br />
Heat<br />
Chemicals<br />
Plastics<br />
Solvents<br />
Chemical<br />
Intermediates<br />
Phenolics<br />
Adhesives<br />
Furfural<br />
Fatty acids<br />
Acetic Acid<br />
Carbon black<br />
Paints, Dyes,<br />
Pigments,<br />
Ink, Detergents<br />
etc.<br />
Food & Feed<br />
14
Biomass<br />
Model <strong>of</strong> biobased Flow-chart for Biomass Feedstock<br />
Precursors<br />
Carbohydrates<br />
Starch<br />
Hemicellulose<br />
Cellulose<br />
Lignin<br />
Lipids, Oil<br />
Protein<br />
Platforms<br />
SynGas<br />
Sugar<br />
- Glucose<br />
- Fructose<br />
- Xylose<br />
Lignin<br />
Lipids/Oil<br />
Protein<br />
SynGas<br />
C1<br />
C2<br />
C3<br />
C4<br />
C5<br />
C6<br />
Aromatics<br />
Building<br />
Blocks<br />
direct<br />
Polymers<br />
Methanol<br />
Ethanol<br />
Glycerol<br />
Lactic acid<br />
Propionic<br />
acid<br />
Levulinic<br />
acid<br />
Furfural<br />
Lysine<br />
Gallic acid<br />
Secondary<br />
Chemicals<br />
Carnitine<br />
Intermediates<br />
Ether Fuel additives<br />
….<br />
Solvents<br />
Products/<br />
Uses<br />
Industrial<br />
Olefins Green solvents Transportation<br />
Diacids, Esters<br />
Dilactid<br />
Acrylate<br />
1,3-PDO<br />
Furane<br />
THF<br />
Caprolactam<br />
Phenolics<br />
Chemical<br />
intermediates<br />
Emulsifiers<br />
PLA<br />
Polyacrylate<br />
……<br />
…..<br />
Nylons<br />
Polyurethanes<br />
Resins<br />
Polysaccharides<br />
Textiles<br />
Safe Food Supply<br />
Environment<br />
Communication<br />
Housing<br />
Recreation<br />
Health a. Hygiene<br />
Kamm, B.; Gruber, P.R.; Kamm, M.; <strong>Biorefineries</strong>, Industrial Processes <strong>and</strong> Products, Wiley-VCH, 2006<br />
15
Synthesis <strong>of</strong> bifunctional aromatic <strong>and</strong> aliphatic chemical building blocks<br />
via LCF-<strong>Biorefinery</strong><br />
Project: Production segmented <strong>technical</strong> thermoplastic from renewable resources.<br />
Dow Deutschl<strong>and</strong>, Rheinmünster; FHG-ICT, Pfinztal, FI Biopos, Teltow, 2004-2007<br />
16
<strong>Biorefineries</strong> present :<br />
Complex <strong>and</strong> integrated systems <strong>of</strong> sustainable technologies<br />
based on biological raw materials.<br />
Economically self-consisting enterprises <strong>and</strong> economic entities.<br />
Bearing pillars <strong>of</strong> the future biobased economics.<br />
Motors <strong>of</strong> research <strong>and</strong> development in the 21th century.<br />
One fundamental task in the biorefinery topic is the development<br />
<strong>of</strong> biorefinery demonstration plants, close to<br />
Industry, agro-industry, <strong>and</strong> forest-industry.<br />
One example will be<br />
presented<br />
17
Future Vision for biobased products<br />
Types <strong>of</strong> Feedstocks<br />
• Grains<br />
(such as corn)<br />
• LC-Biomass<br />
(Lignocelluloses)<br />
Sources: Glassner, D.; NatureWorks LLC, 2005<br />
S<strong>of</strong>twoods Hardwoods Grasses<br />
Crop residues (e.g.,<br />
corn stover, cereal<br />
straw, sugar cane<br />
bagasse, etc.)<br />
18
Future Vision for biobased products<br />
Biomass Composition<br />
Cellulose<br />
(Chains <strong>of</strong> sugar)<br />
45%<br />
25%<br />
Hemicellulose<br />
(Chains <strong>of</strong> sugar)<br />
Other<br />
5%<br />
25%<br />
Lignin<br />
(Young clean coal)<br />
The whole plant-based (botanical) biomass consists <strong>of</strong><br />
approx. 70% carbohydrates!<br />
Biobased Carbohydrates Economy<br />
19
LCF <strong>Biorefinery</strong> Demonstration Plant<br />
The Icel<strong>and</strong>ic ethanol-oriented<br />
ethanol oriented biorefinery<br />
based on lignocelluloses<br />
Model project – Demonstration Plant –<br />
20.000 tons lignocelluloses/year<br />
20
Lignocellulosic<br />
Feedstock<br />
(LCF)<br />
Cellulose<br />
‘biotech./chemical’<br />
Residues<br />
Hemicellulose<br />
‘biotech./chemical’<br />
Cogeneration<br />
( CHP )<br />
Heat <strong>and</strong> Power<br />
Lignin<br />
‘chemical’<br />
Sugar<br />
Raw material<br />
Fuels,<br />
Chemicals,<br />
Polymers <strong>and</strong><br />
Materials<br />
Lignin<br />
Raw material<br />
General Scheme <strong>of</strong> a Lignocellulose Feedstock <strong>Biorefinery</strong><br />
21
No.<br />
group 1<br />
group 2<br />
group 3<br />
group 4<br />
group 5<br />
process lignocelluloses<br />
Tab. : Sources <strong>of</strong> lignocelluloses<br />
Source Groups<br />
existing l<strong>and</strong>scape species<br />
fast-growing plantations<br />
l<strong>and</strong>scape conservation<br />
used materials <strong>and</strong> waste<br />
Examples<br />
s<strong>of</strong>twood, hardwood, reed (Schilf), reed grass,<br />
switch grass, dry grasses etc.<br />
poplar (Pappel), willow (Weide), locust (Robinie),<br />
wood grass, eucalyptus, sudan grass<br />
old forest, residual wood <strong>and</strong> under-wood from<br />
forestry, switch grass, dry grasses, hay, straw<br />
straw, corn stover, press cake from crop drying<br />
plant, ethanol plants <strong>and</strong> oil mills, by-products<br />
from cereal mills, whole crop refineries, paper mill<br />
<strong>and</strong> pulp industry<br />
timber (Bauholz), used wood, recovered paper,<br />
cellulosic municipal solid waste<br />
22
Model <strong>of</strong> the Icel<strong>and</strong>ic ethanol-oriented biorefinery based on lignocelluloses<br />
Green SeePark Mývatn<br />
Modern Life, Working <strong>and</strong> Recovery with Nature in Northern Icel<strong>and</strong><br />
Regional Farmers<br />
• Biomass Producer<br />
Barley, Hey, Lupine<br />
• Vegetables Producer<br />
Salad, Tomato, a.o.<br />
• Animal husb<strong>and</strong>ry<br />
Sheep, Cattle<br />
Carbon dioxide<br />
Proteins, Yeast<br />
Fertilizer<br />
Fuel Industry<br />
Inhabitants<br />
Regional Jobs<br />
Biomass<br />
Energy<br />
Regional Sources<br />
Geothermal Heat<br />
Carbon dioxide<br />
Proteins<br />
Icel<strong>and</strong>ic <strong>Biorefinery</strong><br />
Biomass Conversion Mill<br />
Biobased Products Factory<br />
Chemical/Enzymatic Hydrolysis<br />
Conversion, Fermentation, Distillation<br />
Separation, Packaging, Storage<br />
Chemical <strong>and</strong><br />
Producing Industry<br />
Carbon dioxide<br />
Proteins<br />
Fertilizer<br />
Ethanol<br />
Lignin<br />
Tourism<br />
Educational Leave<br />
Hotel Sector<br />
23
The Icel<strong>and</strong>ic ethanol-oriented biorefinery (demonstration plant) - corner data<br />
Raw Material<br />
Lignocellulosic biomass (mix)<br />
Main Technologies<br />
Acid hydrolysis, Sugar fermentation<br />
Main Process Energy<br />
Geothermic steam<br />
Plant basis/Location<br />
Former Diatomite (Kieselguhr) Plant<br />
Main Product (Phase I)<br />
Ethanol for E10 Fuel<br />
Operating Company<br />
Icel<strong>and</strong>ic Biomass Company<br />
Total costs<br />
amount / prizes<br />
20.000 tons/year<br />
1,25 €/ton<br />
40.000 t /year<br />
7 Mio litres/year<br />
10 Mio €<br />
notes<br />
hey, lupine straw, barley straw<br />
modified “Bergius/Rheinau” process<br />
steam: 170°C /7 bar<br />
Northern Icel<strong>and</strong>, near sea Myvatn<br />
0,46 €/litres<br />
Main Seat : Reykjavik, IS<br />
Incl. accompanying R&D<br />
24
Advantages <strong>of</strong> the production <strong>of</strong> Ethanol<br />
Ethanol is not only a fuel, but also a basic chemical for a lot <strong>of</strong><br />
solvents, products <strong>and</strong> materials<br />
Diethyl ether<br />
Ether formation<br />
Acetone<br />
Keton synthesis<br />
Ethanol<br />
Esterification Lebedew Oxidation Dehydrating<br />
Process<br />
Ethyl lactate<br />
Ethyl<br />
levulinate<br />
other<br />
Acetaldehyde<br />
Butadiene Acetic acid<br />
Rubber<br />
Acetic<br />
anhydride<br />
Ethene<br />
Vinyl acetate<br />
Polymers<br />
Fuels<br />
Fuel additive<br />
Solvents<br />
Mobile Process<br />
Synthetic<br />
Naphtha<br />
Steam cracker<br />
Ethene<br />
Propylene<br />
C4-cut<br />
Benzine<br />
Crack gas<br />
Aromatics<br />
25
Summary<br />
Regional <strong>Biorefineries</strong> are also in other regions - without<br />
geothermic energy- pr<strong>of</strong>itable.<br />
For process energy it’s possible to use:<br />
The Lignin fraction, approx. 30% in lignocelluose<br />
the heating value (calorific value) <strong>of</strong> Lignin lies between 13 MJ/kg <strong>and</strong> 19 MJ/kg (DM)<br />
(wood: 18 MJ/kg, heating oil: 30-35 MJ/kg).<br />
Biogas Cogeneration: Heat <strong>and</strong> Power (Electricity).<br />
26
The Icel<strong>and</strong>ic Ethanol-oriented biorefinery – Summary<br />
The Icel<strong>and</strong>ic Ethanol-oriented <strong>Biorefinery</strong> (demonstration plant) can produce<br />
7 Mio litres Ethanol/year.<br />
The Icel<strong>and</strong>ic Ethanol-oriented LCF-<strong>Biorefinery</strong> is pr<strong>of</strong>itable!<br />
7 Mio l Ethanol (pure) is equivalent to 70 Mio E10 petrol.<br />
E10 petrol is normal petrol with 10% Ethanol.<br />
Each Icel<strong>and</strong>ic Inhabitant could to refuel approx. 233 Litres E10 petrol per year.<br />
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The Icel<strong>and</strong>ic Ethanol-oriented <strong>Biorefinery</strong> – Summary<br />
Why is such (small scale) Ethanol-oriented LCF-<strong>Biorefinery</strong><br />
pr<strong>of</strong>itable?<br />
- Research <strong>and</strong> development supported by European Commission<br />
(BESUB project) <strong>and</strong> the Icel<strong>and</strong>ic Government.<br />
- Icel<strong>and</strong> has a very efficient <strong>and</strong> low price non-fossil energy market<br />
(geothermic energy). Hence, energy-intensive processes<br />
(e.g. acid recovery) are so economically <strong>and</strong> environmental-friendly.<br />
- Private Operating Companies, Finance <strong>and</strong> Government<br />
to act in concert.<br />
- Economical biomass <strong>and</strong> product markets could be<br />
organized (without subsidy).<br />
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Presentation Summary<br />
Several requirements to enter the phase <strong>of</strong> development <strong>of</strong><br />
Industrial <strong>Biorefinery</strong> Technologies <strong>and</strong> Biobased Products:<br />
To increase the production <strong>of</strong> substances on the base <strong>of</strong><br />
biogenic raw materials in the ordinary plants <strong>of</strong> production <strong>of</strong><br />
cellulose, starch, protein, sugar <strong>and</strong> oil.<br />
To get the commitment <strong>of</strong> the chemistry, particularly the organic<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>technical</strong> chemistry, for the concept <strong>of</strong> biobased products<br />
<strong>and</strong> biorefinery systems.<br />
To force the combination <strong>of</strong> biological <strong>and</strong> chemical conversion<br />
<strong>of</strong> substances.<br />
To introduce <strong>and</strong> establish biorefinery demonstration plants.<br />
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Contact<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Birgit Kamm<br />
Director <strong>of</strong> the Institute Biopos e.V.<br />
<strong>and</strong> BTU Cottbus<br />
Research Centre Teltow-Seeh<strong>of</strong>,<br />
Kantstraße 55, D-14513 Teltow<br />
Email: kamm@biopos.de<br />
Web: www.biopos.de<br />
biorefinery.de company (GmbH)<br />
Main Seat: Stiftstraße 2, D-14471 Potsdam, Germany<br />
Email: <strong>of</strong>fice@biorefinery.de<br />
Laboratories Teltow-Seeh<strong>of</strong><br />
Kantstraße 55, D-14513 Teltow<br />
Web: www.biorefinery.de, www.biorefinica.de<br />
Potsdam <strong>and</strong> Teltow in the Greater Berlin,<br />
Germany<br />
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City <strong>of</strong> Potsdam - Market Square<br />
State <strong>of</strong> Br<strong>and</strong>enburg,<br />
Greater Berlin, Germany<br />
Thank you for the invitation <strong>and</strong><br />
your attention<br />
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