update on whiteflies, scales and mealybugs new to florida
update on whiteflies, scales and mealybugs new to florida
update on whiteflies, scales and mealybugs new to florida
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UPDATE ON WHITEFLIES, SCALES AND MEALYBUGS<br />
NEW TO FLORIDA<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Tax<strong>on</strong>omic En<strong>to</strong>mologist<br />
Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry, Gainesville<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Aleurodicus<br />
A. rugioperculatus Pest Alert<br />
35 species<br />
Caribbean <strong>and</strong> Central America<br />
A. cocois<br />
A. pulvinatus (CR- Bahamas)<br />
FLORIDA: dispersus, dugesii, rugioperculatus<br />
highly polyphagous, pestiferous<br />
parasi<strong>to</strong>ids present, variable efficacy (0-100%)<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Aleurodicus rugioperculatus: Aleyrodidae<br />
Rugose spiraling whitefly (AKA gumbo-limbo spiraling whitefly)<br />
submitted samples often just with egg spirals<br />
♀’s may oviposit <strong>on</strong> a wider host range than is suitable for<br />
development<br />
examine a wider area <strong>to</strong> see if nymphs or pupae are present<br />
in palms, esp. comm<strong>on</strong> al<strong>on</strong>g midrib<br />
c<strong>on</strong>trol <strong>and</strong> biology research by Dr. C. Manni<strong>on</strong>, UF-TREC<br />
massive quantities of h<strong>on</strong>eydew, sooty mold <strong>and</strong> sticky wax<br />
pools, cars, decks <strong>and</strong> patios<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Aleurodicus rugioperculatus: Aleyrodidae<br />
Rugose spiraling whitefly; gumbo-limbo spiraling whitefly<br />
Hosts (DPI Database) ; ~60 species<br />
Acalypha wilkesiana Musa sp.<br />
Ad<strong>on</strong>idia merrillii Myrcianthes fragrans<br />
Ann<strong>on</strong>a sp. Myrica cerifera<br />
Araucaria heterophylla Parthenocissus quinquefolia<br />
Brassica rapa Persea americana<br />
Bucida buceras Phoenix roebelenii<br />
Bursera simaruba Pinanga cor<strong>on</strong>ata<br />
Calophyllum sp. Pithecellobium keyense<br />
Calophyllum inophyllum Psidium guajava<br />
Catharanthus roseus Quercus virginiana<br />
Chrysobalanus icaco Rosa sp.<br />
Chrysophyllum oliviforme Sabal palmet<strong>to</strong><br />
Coccothrinax sp. Sagittaria latifolia<br />
Cocos nucifera Schinus terebinthifolius<br />
C<strong>on</strong>ocarpus erectus Sideroxyl<strong>on</strong> salicifolium<br />
Cordyline fruticosa Sideroxyl<strong>on</strong> foetidissimum<br />
Dictyosperma album Simarouba glauca<br />
Dypsis lutescens Smilax auriculata<br />
Dypsis decaryi Sp<strong>on</strong>dias sp.<br />
Eugenia axillaris Sp<strong>on</strong>dias purpurea<br />
Eugenia uniflora Sp<strong>on</strong>dias mombin<br />
Eugenia sp. Strelitzia nicolai<br />
Ficus carica Strelitzia reginae<br />
Hyophorbe verschaffeltii Syzygium cumini<br />
Mangifera indica Terminalia catappa<br />
Manilkara roxburghiana Thespesia populnea<br />
Manilkara zapota Veitchia arecina<br />
Washingt<strong>on</strong>ia robusta<br />
Wodyetia bifurcata<br />
Zeuxine strateumatica<br />
Distibuti<strong>on</strong><br />
Broward Co.<br />
Indian River Co.<br />
Miami-Dade Co. (75% of<br />
samples)<br />
M<strong>on</strong>roe Co.<br />
Palm Beach Co.<br />
Polk Co.<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Vryburgia tri<strong>on</strong>ymoides: Pseudococcidae<br />
described from Kenya in 1961<br />
not recorded again until found in California, now locally established,<br />
comm<strong>on</strong> in grow houses<br />
Florida: 2005, 2009- big box retailers in S. Florida<br />
major infestati<strong>on</strong>s found in Spring, 2011<br />
Nassau Co., Duval Co. (big box retailers )<br />
risk assessment: unknown, but can kill a succulent if left untreated<br />
very similar <strong>to</strong> citrus mealybug, co-occur (slight difference in body<br />
color, wax pattern)<br />
look CLOSELY in rosettes <strong>and</strong> near stem<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>: Lyle Buss, UF<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>: Andrew Derksen, DPI<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Hosts<br />
Vryburgia tri<strong>on</strong>ymoides<br />
Aloe ciliaris Aloaceae<br />
Crassula spp. Crassulaceae<br />
Dudleya farinosa Crassulaceae<br />
Echeveria sp. Crassulaceae<br />
Grap<strong>to</strong>petalum sp. Crassulaceae<br />
Senecio crassissimus Asteraceae<br />
Distributi<strong>on</strong><br />
Duval Co.<br />
Lake Co.<br />
Nassau Co.<br />
Palm Beach Co.<br />
Volusia Co.<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Phenacoccus multicerarii: Pseudococcidae<br />
described in 2007 from specimens collected in 1949 from Caracas, Venezuala<br />
found in a museum collecti<strong>on</strong>, unknown host<br />
not seen again until June, 2011, from multiple hosts at a retail nursery in<br />
Fern<strong>and</strong>ina Beach (Nassau Co.)<br />
trace-back initiated, nursery in Orange County identified <strong>and</strong> subsequently<br />
verified<br />
recently collected specimens from Port Everglades<br />
Hosts<br />
Aloaceae Aloe vera<br />
Asteraceae Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium<br />
Beg<strong>on</strong>iaceae Beg<strong>on</strong>ia sp.<br />
C<strong>on</strong>volvulaceae Ipomoea batatas<br />
Dryopteridaceae Cyr<strong>to</strong>mium falcatum<br />
Dryopteridaceae Polystichum sp.<br />
Ericaceae Rhododendr<strong>on</strong> sp.<br />
Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea sp.<br />
Lamiaceae Plectranthus scutellarioides<br />
Liliaceae Hosta sp.<br />
Melas<strong>to</strong>mataceae Medinilla magnifica<br />
Moraceae Ficus pumila<br />
Primulaceae Lysimachia nummularia<br />
Selaginellaceae Selaginella uncinata<br />
Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris sp.<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>: Lisa Hassell, DPI<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Pho<strong>to</strong>: Lisa Hassell, DPI<br />
Phenacoccus multicerarii<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>: Lisa Hassell, DPI<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>: Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, DPI<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>: Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, DPI<br />
3.5 <strong>to</strong> 4 mm l<strong>on</strong>g<br />
pale yellow- grey<br />
light dusting of powdery wax<br />
lateral filaments (wax protrusi<strong>on</strong>s al<strong>on</strong>g flank)<br />
ovisac (cott<strong>on</strong>y mass with eggs/ crawlers)<br />
very similar <strong>to</strong> P. madeirensis, the madeira mealybug <strong>and</strong> P. solani<br />
complex (solani, solenopsis)<br />
worldwide, many Phenacoccus are very destructive<br />
not shy- very visible <strong>on</strong> plant<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Planococcus minor: Pseudococcidae.<br />
Passi<strong>on</strong>vine mealybug<br />
Old-world species, now found almost world-wide<br />
present in Caribbean, S. America <strong>and</strong> C. America since 1980’s<br />
severe pest of many plant species: USDA watch-list<br />
“Positively” identified in Florida in 2010<br />
found again in June 2011 at a nursery in Palm Beach County<br />
impossible <strong>to</strong> distinguish between P. citri <strong>and</strong> P. minor in the field<br />
will it be a pest? how widely distributed?<br />
will P. citri parasi<strong>to</strong>ids/preda<strong>to</strong>rs find it <strong>to</strong> be a suitable host?<br />
http://www.freshfrom<strong>florida</strong>.com/pi/pest_alerts/pdf/planococcusminor.pdf<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Passi<strong>on</strong>vine mealybug<br />
ovisac<br />
lateral<br />
filaments<br />
multiple-stage<br />
aggregati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Phalacrococcus howert<strong>on</strong>i (Coccidae)<br />
crot<strong>on</strong> scale<br />
2008<br />
http://www.freshfrom<strong>florida</strong>.com/<br />
pi/enpp/en<strong>to</strong>/coccoidea_coccidae.<br />
html<br />
2010<br />
Hodges <strong>and</strong> Hodgs<strong>on</strong>, 2010. Florida<br />
En<strong>to</strong>mologist<br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
Current distributi<strong>on</strong><br />
Brevard Co.<br />
Broward Co.<br />
Charlotte Co.<br />
Collier Co.<br />
Duval Co.<br />
Hern<strong>and</strong>o Co.<br />
Highl<strong>and</strong>s Co.<br />
Hillsborough Co.<br />
Indian River Co.<br />
Lee Co.<br />
Manatee Co.<br />
Mari<strong>on</strong> Co.<br />
Martin Co.<br />
M<strong>on</strong>roe Co.<br />
Nassau Co.<br />
Okaloosa Co.<br />
Orange Co.<br />
Osceola Co.<br />
Palm Beach Co.<br />
Pasco Co.<br />
Pinellas Co.<br />
Polk Co.<br />
Putnam Co.<br />
Saint Lucie Co.<br />
Sarasota Co.<br />
Seminole Co.<br />
Suwannee Co.<br />
Phalacrococcus howert<strong>on</strong>i<br />
crot<strong>on</strong> scale<br />
Miami-Dade Co.-57% of samples<br />
Codiaeum variegatum-59% of samples<br />
Bursera simaruba-7% of samples<br />
88 plant species<br />
recently found in carribean<br />
pest of limited distributi<strong>on</strong>quarantined<br />
when in nurseries<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>update</str<strong>on</strong>g>d Pest Alert <strong>to</strong> be released so<strong>on</strong><br />
Ian S<strong>to</strong>cks, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of Plant Industry
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