1 Ana Maria Martins (University of Lisbon – FLUL/CLUL) Freie ...

ANNEX 2: Middle scrambling with deictic locatives in European Portuguese (Costa & Martins
While lá-type locatives can become left-adjacent to the verb by moving to Spec,TP, this position is not
accessible to other locative constituents:
(1) a. O Pedro já para lá vai.
the Pedro already/soon to there goes
‘Peter is ready to go there.’
b. *O Pedro já para Lisboa vai.
the Pedro already/soon to Lisbon goes
‘Peter is ready to go to Lisbon.’
c. *O Pedro já longe vai.
the Pedro already far goes
“Peter is far away already.”
(2) a. O Pedro já lá vai a casa.
the Pedro already/soon there goes to house
“Peter is ready to go to his/her/their/our house.”
b. *O Pedro já lá a casa vai.
the Pedro already/soon there to house goes
Lá-type locatives denote a location identified with respect to the speaker’s location at the utterance
time (see (3)). The special link between Tense and lá-type locatives is rooted in their similar nature as
speaker-anchored and utterance-anchored deictics.
(3) Ontem ele esteve lá comigo.
Yesterday he was there with.me
Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria (2000) analyse Tense and Aspect as dyadic predicates projecting a
maximal projection in the syntax and establishing an ordering relation between its two time-denoting
arguments. The external argument of Tense (T 0 ) is a reference time, the utterance-time (UT-T); its
internal argument is the assertion time (AST-T). The utterance time (UT-T) plays a central role in the
interpretation of lá-type locatives. The syntactic locus of the UT-T argument is Spec,TP. It now seems
less enigmatic that Spec,TP might be the target of movement of this very particular type of
speaker/utterance-anchored deictic locatives. Seemingly, temporal and spatial anchoring can work
together as far as the right kind of deictic locatives is available.
(4) * [P (Subjwithout polarity features) [[+aff] [TP loc [(cl) [ V+T]] ...
(5) a. Ele telefonou para lá.
he called to there
b. *Ele para lá telefonou.
he to there called
‘He called there.’
c. Ele já para lá telefonou. (optional scrambling)
he already to there called
‘He has already called there.’
(6) a. Ele telefonou-me.
he called-me
b. *Ele me telefonou.
he me called
‘He called me.’
c. Ele já me telefonou. (obligatory proclisis)
he already me called
‘He has already called me.’
22