studiensammlung

Recommendations

Info

Latest version available at: tobaccoharmreduction.org/wpapers/011.htm Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as potential tobacco harm reduction products: Results of an online survey of e-cigarette users Karyn Heavner, PhD, MSPH (Corresponding author) University of Alberta, School of Public Health karynkh@aol.com James Dunworth, BA, PGCE E Cigarette Direct james.dunworth@ecigarettedirect.co.uk Paul Bergen, MSc, MLIS University of Alberta, School of Public Health pbergen1@gmail.com Catherine Nissen, BSc University of Alberta, School of Public Health cmnissen@gmail.com Carl V. Phillips, PhD, MPP University of Alberta, School of Public Health cvphilo@gmail.com 1
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as potential tobacco harm reduction products: Results of an online survey of ecigarette users (November 26, 2009): Heavner, Dunworth, Bergen, Nissen, Phillips Latest version available at: tobaccoharmreduction.org/wpapers/011.htm Abstract Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), which surged in popularity in 2008, may be the most promising product for tobacco harm reduction yet. E-cigarettes deliver a nicotine vapor without the combustion products that are responsible for nearly all of smoking’s health effects. Other than anecdotal accounts, there is little information about who uses e-cigarettes, and whether people who switch from cigarettes to e-cigarettes experience changes in symptoms caused by smoking. This pilot online survey, conducted by a UK-based online e-cigarette merchant (E Cigarette Direct), investigated e-cigarette use for smoking cessation and changes in health status and smoking caused symptoms. A convenience sample (n=303) was enrolled by e-mail and links on various blogs and forums in May-June 2009. The data were analyzed by independent university researchers at the tobaccoharmreduction.org project. All respondents previously smoked and 91% had attempted to stop smoking before trying ecigarettes. Most respondents resided in the USA (72%) and 21% were in Europe. About half (55%) were 31-50, while 32% were >50 years old. Most (79%) of the respondents had been using e-cigarettes for
Page 1 and 2: Nachschlagewerk zum Thema E-Zigaret
Page 7 and 8: Downloaded from tobaccocontrol.bmj.
Page 15 and 16: References Email alerting service D
Page 17 and 18: Eur Respir J 2011; 38: 1219-1236 DO
Page 21 and 22: Downloaded by [77.21.82.66] at 09:1
Page 39 and 40: http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/conte
Page 41: Nachschlagewerk zum Thema E-Zigaret
Page 45 and 46: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes
Page 59 and 60: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
Page 71 and 72: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/
Page 93 and 94:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
Page 95 and 96:
Nachschlagewerk zum Thema E-Zigaret
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/art
Page 105 and 106:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/art
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/conte
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jp
Page 139 and 140:
http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jp
Page 141 and 142:
Novel Nicotine Delivery Systems and
Page 143 and 144:
market and permitted back only if a
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.
Page 157 and 158:
http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.
Page 159 and 160:
WHO Technical Report Series 955 WHO
Page 161 and 162:
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publicat
Page 163 and 164:
iv 3.9 Recommendations 3.10 Acknowl
Page 165 and 166:
Dr A. Opperhuizen, Head of the Labo
Page 167 and 168:
1.1 Background 2 Regulation of toba
Page 169 and 170:
Lebanon as products that are import
Page 171 and 172:
manufacture or synthesized during e
Page 173 and 174:
delivers nicotine systemically via
Page 175 and 176:
Smokers trying to quit may use ENDS
Page 177 and 178:
12 4. Royal College of Physicians o
Page 179 and 180:
14 ANVISA RDC 41/09 Regulates as to
Page 181 and 182:
16 adolescent, of any smoking elect
Page 183 and 184:
18 Whether ENDS could be regarded a
Page 185 and 186:
20 Hürriyet Daily News, 17 January
Page 187 and 188:
3. Report on setting regulatory lim
Page 189 and 190:
N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) 4-(methy
Page 191 and 192:
Table 1 Concentrations of tobacco-s
Page 193 and 194:
Table 3 Concentrations of tobacco-s
Page 195 and 196:
Per typical dose used: One advantag
Page 197 and 198:
different laboratories. In order to
Page 199 and 200:
hazardous than similar products, ha
Page 201 and 202:
3.11 References 1. The scientific b
Page 203 and 204:
4. Overall recommendations This rep
Page 205 and 206:
safety standards may be no less haz
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Re
Page 221 and 222:
25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Jan
Page 223 and 224:
suggested that they may be effectiv
Page 225 and 226:
12. Imano H, Sato S, Kitamura A, et
Page 227 and 228:
Elektronische Zigarette auf dem Pr
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/art
Page 233 and 234:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/art
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
988 • J. Neurosci., January 28, 2
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Introduzione La rapida espansione,
Page 251 and 252:
Nicotina Nicotine Glicoli - Gliceri
Page 253 and 254:
12 10 8 6 4 2 CO [mg/m3] 0 0m 7m 42
Page 255 and 256:
Naftalene / Naphthalene Parametro P
Page 257 and 258:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.72 @ 11m 00s COT
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Schriften aus der Fakultät Humanwi
Page 267 and 268:
Nikotin: Molekulare und physiologis
Page 269 and 270:
Für meine Eltern, meinen Bruder, m
Page 271 and 272:
Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichn
Page 273 and 274:
Inhaltsverzeichnis 5.4. Zusammenfas
Page 275 and 276:
Einleitung 1. Einleitung und Überb
Page 277 and 278:
Einleitung Im Rahmen des DFG-Schwer
Page 279:
Einleitung Integration der Resultat
Page 282 and 283:
18 Nikotinabhängigkeit - Geschicht
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 301 and 302:
Neurobiologie der Nikotinabhängigk
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
3.3.2. Kortikale Projektionsbahnen
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Therapie der Nikotinabhängigkeit 4
Page 341 and 342:
Therapie der Nikotinabhängigkeit t
Page 343 and 344:
Therapie der Nikotinabhängigkeit a
Page 345 and 346:
Therapie der Nikotinabhängigkeit R
Page 347 and 348:
Therapie der Nikotinabhängigkeit t
Page 349 and 350:
Therapie der Nikotinabhängigkeit o
Page 351:
Therapie der Nikotinabhängigkeit g
Page 354 and 355:
90 Voruntersuchungen im Bereich der
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
100 Die Untersuchung rimentalgruppe
Page 366 and 367:
102 Die Untersuchung 6.2. Untersuch
Page 368 and 369:
104 Die Untersuchung Abbildung 11:
Page 370 and 371:
106 Die Untersuchung geben. Außerd
Page 372 and 373:
108 Die Untersuchung Als rein trige
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
112 Die Untersuchung die notwendige
Page 378 and 379:
114 6.7. EEG-Untersuchung Die Unter
Page 380 and 381:
116 Die Untersuchung in pseudorando
Page 382 and 383:
118 Die Untersuchung Monitor eingeb
Page 384 and 385:
120 Die Untersuchung Die Lokalisati
Page 386 and 387:
122 Die Untersuchung 1991, 1994; Li
Page 388 and 389:
124 Die Untersuchung zentralen Able
Page 390 and 391:
126 Die Untersuchung Amplitude F-We
Page 392 and 393:
128 Die Untersuchung tude p1: T = -
Page 394 and 395:
130 Auswertung der Latenzzeiten Die
Page 396 and 397:
132 800 600 400 200 0 800 600 400 2
Page 398 and 399:
134 0,030 0,025 0,020 0,015 0,010 0
Page 400 and 401:
136 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0
Page 402 and 403:
138 Die Untersuchung Die Ergebnisse
Page 404 and 405:
140 Die Untersuchung hinsichtlich i
Page 406 and 407:
142 Craving 35 30 25 20 15 10 CO2 t
Page 408 and 409:
144 Die Untersuchung Um ausschließ
Page 410 and 411:
146 Die Untersuchung erneut nicht f
Page 412 and 413:
148 6.8. fMRT-Untersuchung Die Unte
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
154 Die Untersuchung minimiert. Mit
Page 420 and 421:
156 Die Untersuchung Signifikanzsch
Page 422 and 423:
158 Die Untersuchung Anatomische Re
Page 424 and 425:
160 Die Untersuchung Aktivierungen
Page 426 and 427:
162 Die Untersuchung Anatomische Re
Page 428 and 429:
164 Die Untersuchung ten mit stärk
Page 430 and 431:
166 Die Untersuchung Die im Verglei
Page 432 and 433:
168 Die Untersuchung sierungsprozes
Page 434 and 435:
170 Die Untersuchung 4,215, df = 5,
Page 436 and 437:
172 Die Untersuchung Einklang steht
Page 439 and 440:
Integration und Diskussion der Date
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
8. Ausblick Ausblick Die vorliegend
Page 455:
Ausblick Man könnte sagen, daß da
Page 458 and 459:
194 Literaturverzeichnis Albrecht,
Page 460 and 461:
196 Literaturverzeichnis Balfour, D
Page 462 and 463:
198 Literaturverzeichnis Benwell, M
Page 464 and 465:
200 Literaturverzeichnis Brody, A.
Page 466 and 467:
202 Literaturverzeichnis Chu, B. &
Page 468 and 469:
204 Literaturverzeichnis Domino, E.
Page 470 and 471:
206 Literaturverzeichnis Eviatar, Z
Page 472 and 473:
208 Literaturverzeichnis Grove, G.,
Page 474 and 475:
210 Literaturverzeichnis Hirzel, G.
Page 476 and 477:
212 Literaturverzeichnis Ianilli, E
Page 478 and 479:
214 Literaturverzeichnis Kirch, D.
Page 480 and 481:
216 Literaturverzeichnis Leonhard,
Page 482 and 483:
218 Literaturverzeichnis Maskos, U.
Page 484 and 485:
220 Literaturverzeichnis Naqvi, N.
Page 486 and 487:
222 Literaturverzeichnis Perkins, K
Page 488 and 489:
224 Literaturverzeichnis Rehms, W.,
Page 490 and 491:
226 Literaturverzeichnis Roth, G. (
Page 492 and 493:
228 Literaturverzeichnis Schultz, W
Page 494 and 495:
230 Literaturverzeichnis Stein, E.
Page 496 and 497:
232 Literaturverzeichnis Thuerauf,
Page 498 and 499:
234 Literaturverzeichnis Warburton,
Page 500 and 501:
236 Literaturverzeichnis World Heal
Page 503 and 504:
Verzeichnis der Abbildungen Verzeic
Page 505:
Verzeichnis der Tabellen Verzeichni
Page 508 and 509:
244 Anhang C3 C4 Fz Pz Cz P1 0,0189
Page 510 and 511:
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v
Page 518 and 519:
Page 520 and 521:
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524 and 525:
Page 526 and 527:
Page 528 and 529:
Page 530 and 531:
Page 532 and 533:
Page 534 and 535:
Page 536:
Page 539 and 540:
http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/c
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
Research paper Figure 1 ‘eGo’ m
Page 561 and 562:
4 Cheah NP, et al. Tob Control 2012
Page 563 and 564:
Research paper Figure 3 ‘Tattoo
Page 565 and 566:
Downloaded from tobaccocontrol.bmj.
Page 567 and 568:
Original article Adolescent Males
Page 569 and 570:
146 (smoked less than 100 cigarette
Page 571 and 572:
148 Table 3 Correlates of willingne
Page 573 and 574:
150 [12] Bell K, Keane H. Nicotine
Page 575 and 576:
Gutachten Nr. 12-09556-4/gch Diese
Page 577 and 578:
Untersuchungsergebnisse: Probe 1 2
Page 579 and 580:
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
208 Adkison et al / Am J Prev Med 2
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605 and 606:
Page 607 and 608:
Page 609 and 610:
What is it? Liquid contents •Glyc
Page 611 and 612:
Design Smokers N=20 e-cigarette use
Page 613 and 614:
Page 615 and 616:
• • •
Page 617 and 618:
© 1,3-bis(3-phenoxyphenoxy)
Page 619 and 620:
©
Page 621 and 622:
Page 623 and 624:
Page 625 and 626:
Barbeau et al. Addiction Science &
Page 627 and 628:
Table 1 Identified themes and examp
Page 629 and 630:
Barbeau et al. Addiction Science &
show all

studiensammlung

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?