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Common Skin Diseases
Md Ahad Ali Khan
Department of Pharmacy
SUB

Intact: “Skin is unbroken”
Contusion: “Injury in which skin is unbroken”
Excoriation: “Removal of an area of the skin”
Abrasion: “Spot rubbed bare of mucous membrane
or skin, and thereby damaged”
Cyanosis “Dusky, bluish colour usually seen in the
lips and on the nail beds, caused by lack of oxygen”.

Acne/pimples
Dermatitis/eczema
Cold sores
Psoriasis Psoriasis
Warts
Tinea
Urticaria/hives
Skin cancer

Presence of various spots called comedones (blackheads and
whiteheads), papules, pustules, and, in severe cases,
nodules and cysts.
Onset of puberty
Over production of androgen hormones, such as
testosterone are released
These hormones can cause the sebaceous glands to
overproduce sebum (oil)
Blockage of skin pores
Typical spots appear

Mild > Whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples
Gentle cleansing with warm water and a
mild soap
Applying benzoyl peroxide (such as Brevoxyl
or Triaz)
Applying salicylic acid (such as Propa pH or
Stridex)
an antibiotic lotion
a lotion with medicine that helps to unplug
your pores

Moderate to severe acne
Applying benzoyl peroxide
Draining of large pimples and cysts by a
doctor
Applying prescription antibiotic gels,
creams, or lotions
Applying prescription retinoids
Applying azelaic acid
Taking prescription oral antibiotics.
Taking prescription oral retinoids (such as
isotretinoin)

Treatment for acne scars
Laser resurfacing or dermabrasion
Plastic surgery

Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin (i.e. rash).
Symptoms: Vary with all different forms of the
condition
From skin rashes to bumpy rashes or including
blisters
Every type of dermatitis has different symptoms -
including redness of the skin, swelling, itching and
skin lesions and sometimes oozing and scarring.

Caused by - allergen or an irritating
substance.
Individuals who live in urban areas with low
humidity are more prone to develop this type of dermatitis.
Result of a gastrointestinal
condition, celiac disease.
Common in infants and individuals
between 30 and 70 years old.
Less common type of dermatitis > no
known cause > appear more frequently in middle-age people.
Inflammation on the lower legs > caused by
buildups of blood and fluid > occur in people with varicose.
Similar to rosacea > more often in women
between 20 and 60 years old.
Secondary to a skin infection

Dermatitis treatment varies, depending on
the cause.
Using corticosteroid creams
Applying wet compresses and avoiding
irritants
Some types of dermatitis, nonsteroidal
medications may help relieve signs and
symptoms.
And for all types of dermatitis, occasional use
of over-the-counter oral antihistamines can
reduce itching.

Cold sores > called fever blisters
groups of small blisters on the lip and around the mouth
The skin around the blisters is often red, swollen, and
sore.
The blisters may break open, leak a clear fluid, and then
scab over after a few days.

Cold Sore Causes
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Two types > type I and type II
Cold sores are usually caused by type I.
The exact way this happens is not clear > some conditions
seem to be associated with recurrences –
Fever, colds, or the flu > fever blisters
Ultraviolet radiation
Stress
Changes in the immune system
Hormonal changes, such as menstruation
Trauma to the skin
Sometimes there is no apparent cause of the recurrence
Tendency to recur in more or less the same place each time
Recurrences > Once a month
> Once or twice a year

Treatment Cold Sore
Topical anesthetics to relieve burning, itching, and pain
> contain benzocaine (5%-20%)
> lidocaine (0.5%-4%)
> tetracaine (2%) or
> dibucaine (0.25%-1%)
Skin protectants to keep the lesion moist and prevent cracking
of the lesion
> Allantoin
> Petrolatum
> Dimethicone
Sunscreen-containing lip balms may also help additional
outbreaks if the sun is a precipitating factor.

For additional pain relief
> Ibuprofen
> acetaminophen
Do not apply any topical steroids, such as hydrocortisone,
to the lesions.
Topical acyclovir (5% cream) or penciclovir ( 1% cream)
> reduce healing time by approximately half a
day
> decrease pain associated with the lesion
> docosanol 10% cream - OTC product >
decrease healing time

Psoriasis is inflammatory skin disease
Characterized by a red, scaly rash, which can be itchy
A typical lesion is a well-defined raised plaque with a silvery
scale
Occurs - on the elbows, knees and in the scalp > can occur on
any part of the body, including the flexures
Nails to become pitted, discolored and fragile
Cause – Unknown > more common in some families
Associated factors:
Predisposal to psoriasis > trauma to the skin
>Streptococcal upper respiratory infections
> Stress, some medications, heavy alcohol intake and
smoking

Oral medications –
> Acitretin
> Cyclosporine
> Methotrexate
> Mycophenolate mofetil
Currently available biologic
(IV) drugs –
> Alefacep
> Adalimumab
> Infliximab
> Etanercept
> Ustekinumab
Creams or lotions –
> Topical corticosteroids
> Vitamin D analogue –
Calcitriol
> Topical retinoids
> Moisturizers
> Topical immunomodulators
Acrolimus
Pimecrolimus
> Coal tar
> Cnthralin and others.

Small, usually painless growths on the skin
Most, but not all, are generally harmless
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Caused by - Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Spread from one part of the body to another
May spread from one person to another
Can be - disfiguring and embarrassing, itch or hurt
(particularly on the feet)
Some warts spread through sex.

A round or oval growth on the skin with a rough surface.
Spot may be lighter, darker, or black (rare) colored
compared to other skin
Some warts have smooth or flat surfaces
Some warts cause pain, others do not

On the face and forehead - common in
children, less common in teens, and rare in adults.
On the genitals, in
the pubic area, and in the area between the thighs,
but they can also appear inside the vagina and anal
canal.
On the soles of the feet. They can
be very painful.
Under and
around the fingernails or toenails.

Freezing (cryotherapy, or liquid
nitrogen therapy)
Liquid nitrogen > destroy wart by
freezing
Minor surgery
Cutting away the wart tissue or burning
it with electricity

Skin infection > fungus > several patches of
ringworm on skin appear at once.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Common - among children
May affect people of all ages
It is caused by a fungus, not a worm like the name
suggests.
Bacteria and fungi > Some are useful
> Others cause infections

Ringworm occurs when a type of fungus
called tinea grows and multiplies on your
skin.
Ringwork can affect the skin on your:
Beard -- tinea barbae
Body -- tinea corporis
Feet -- tinea pedis / athlete's foot
Groin area -- tinea cruris /jock itch
Scalp -- tinea capitis

Can spread > one person to another > Contagious
If touch someone who has the infection
If come into contact with items contaminated by the
fungus –
> combs
> unwashed clothing
> shower or pool surfaces
From pets that carry the fungus
Cats are common carriers
Fungus that causes ringworm thrive in warm, moist
areas.
More likely > often wet (such as from sweating)
> from minor injuries to your skin, scalp, or
nails.

Ringworm Treatments - Topical
Antifungal medications - miconazole,
clotrimazole, terbinafine, butenafine and
tolnaftate
Ketoconazole-containing medicines are very
effective in the treatment for ringworm.
Hydrochloride cream
Ringworm Treatments Oral
Oral Lamisil and Griseofulvin
Some oral treatments for ringworm have many sideeffects
and they aren't recommended for longterm
use