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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE www.iish.org Cuscus grass : usira, samagandhika, ranapriya, veeram, veeranam, sevyam Rosary nut : Rudraksha tree : rudraksha, bhootanasana, neelakdaaksha, sivakahsa. Chinese date : badaram, badari, badarika, phelila, koli Indian aconite : valsanabha, visham, garalam, jangulam, halaahalam, theekshanam Sweet flag : vacha, ugragandha, golomi, jadila, lomasa, shadgranthi, sataparvika, satapatri, mangalyam Cubebs plant : sugandheephalam, kruthphalam kla, katukaphalam, choornaka, dviparicha, kankola, kankolaka. Drill : satpushpa, satahva, madhura Garden rue : gucchapatra, peetapushpa, satapadika, srpadamshtra, vishapaha, somalata Sal tree : rala, salaja, salavruksha, dhrupavruksha, sarjarasa Sugar apple : bahubeejaka, gandagatra, krishnabeeja, seetaphala Sunflower : sooryavarcha, adityabhaktam, suvarchala, suryukhee. COMMONLY USED MEDICINAL PLANTS, THEIR ACTIVE PRINCIPLES AND USES. Agasta : which is also known in Sanskrit as Agasti, agastidru is an important ayurvedic medicinal component which has large amount of tannin on the bark and blood red colored latex. It has vitamins minerals and other micronutrients. It is used for thridosha based ailments, fever, headache, injuries, etc. Alangium known in Sanskrit as Ankola is an effective medicinal plant which has a number of Sanskrit names. It contains in its roots the alargin, markin and markidine alkaloids. It can be used for curing blood pressure based illness, hydrophoboea, fever and as anthelmentic etc. Ackonite, which in Sanskrit known as athivishta, srungikam, etc has large quantity of carbohydrate, protein, glycerides, tannic acid, hestidine, heterophillicin, heterophillin, aconitin, etc. in the form of alkaloids. The plant parts are used for digestive abnormalities, fever, poisons, gland swellings, etc. Tinospora known in Sanskrit as Guloochi or amruthavalli has berberin as one of the most important alkaloids in it. This plant has also got a component which is highly bitter in nature. The essence of the stem is used in many ayurvedic medicines. It is proved that the medicinal component present in the plant can control body temperature, purify the blood, improves the digestion power, it cures the skin diseases and diabetics. It is known to cleanse the kidney. 30
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE www.iish.org Asoka tree is known in Sanskrit as Asoka, hemapushpa, etc. It has high content of tannin in the bark. Catechol is another important constituent of the bark. It contains both essential oils and small amount of fixed oils in it. The imortant glycosides present in asoka tree bark are haemotoxylin and ketosterol. It also contains large amount of saponin and calcium steroids. The medicinal constituents of the bark are useful against poisons, and it reduces blood flow. It is bacteriocidal, and fastens the curation of wounds and reduces the stomach ache. Malabar nut also known as Adathoda, has many names in Sanskrit. It is known as vasa vasaka: etc., Highly volatile oils are present in leaf, flower, root and seeds. The leaf contains vasisine alkaloid. The surface bark of the root has high quantity of the alkaloids. The drug is very effective against capillary bleeding. It improves the count of blood platellites. Neem is a well known medicinal plant effectively used for many abnormalities in the body. It has many names in Sanskrit, nimba: arishta: thiktaka:, etc., are few among these names. It has margosin alkaloids in leaves and bark. The seeds contain margosopicrin, and large amount of fixed oil and glycosides. Nimbin, nimbinin, nimbidin, nimbostyrole, etc., are present in the seed oil. The flower has highly useful essential oil. The plant is very effective for the purification of blood, as a remedy for skin diseases, as anthelmentics, etc. The century fig, known in Sanskrit as udumbara is a tree which contains tannins, saponins, wax etc. The active principles of the plant is known to purify the blood, effective for the urinary abnormalities, skin diseases, etc. Castor plant which in Sanskrit is known as eranda, panchangula, vathari, etc., contains more than 50% of the seed weight the castor oil. This oil is the richest source of recinoliec acid. It also contains resins. This resin is highly poisonous glycoprotein, which is soluble in water. The Castor oil is a very inportant laxative. Ginger, known in Sanskrit as sundi, nagara: etc., is an important constituent of ayurvedic preparations. High quantity of volatile oil and gingerol are the important constituent. It is said that there is no kashaya without ginger. It activates the digestive systems and is effective for fever and other ailments. In modern medicine also the giner is used. Gingelly which in Sanskrit known as thila : is an important constituent in many after death ceremonies, may be due to the fact that, the Upanishad describe sesame/gingely and connect the body with black cover of the seed and the oil as atma present inside. Other than high quantity protein, oil and carbohydrate, the seed also contains sesamine, sesamolin. It effects our body 31
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