First in World, Imporatnt Days, United Nations Year ... - Appolo

First in India Men
Field Person
The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress W. C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India
Lord William
Bentinck
The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of
free India
C. Rajgopalachari
The first man who introduced printing press in India James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S.
First in India Women
Field
The first lady to become "Miss World" Rita Faria
The first woman judge in Supreme Court
Satyendra Nath
Tagore
Person
Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima
Bibi
The first woman Ambassador Miss C.B. Muthamma
The first woman Governor of a State in free India Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi
The first woman to climb Mount Everest Bachhendri Pal
The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice Santosh Yadav

First in India Women
Field
The first woman President of the Indian National
Congress
Person
Mrs. Annie Besant
The first woman chief justice of a High Court Mrs. Leela Seth
The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force Harita Kaur Dayal
The first woman President of the United Nations
General Assembly
Mrs. Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State Mrs. Sucheta Kripalani
Field Person
The first woman chairman of Union Public Service
Commission
Roze Millian Bethew
The first woman Director General of Police (DGP) Kanchan Chaudhary
Bhattacharya
The first woman Lieutenent General Puneeta Arora
The first woman Air Vice Marshal P. Bandopadhyaya
The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines Sushma Chawla
The first woman I.P.S. Officer Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and the last Muslim woman ruler of
Delhi
Razia Sultan
The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra Nirja Bhanot
The first woman to cross English Channel Aarti Saha
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize Mother Teresa
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna Mrs. Indira Gandhi
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashapurna Devi

Important Sites in India
S. No. Place City / State
1 Ajanta Aurangabad
2 Akbar's Tomb Sikandara
3 Ambernath Cave Kashmir
4 Amber Palace Jaipur
5 Anand Bhavan Allahabad
6 Bhakra Dam Punjab
7 Birla Planetarium Kolkata
8 Black Pagoda Konark (Orissa)
9 Bodhisattva Ajanta Caves
10
11
Brihadeeswara
Temple
Brindavan
Gardens
Tanjore
Mysore
(Karnataka)
12 Buland Darwaza Fatepur Sikri
S. No. Place City / State
23 Howrah Bridge Kolkata
24 Island Palace Udaipur
25
S.
No.
Place City / State
13 Charminar Hyderabad
14
Chenna Kesava
Temple
15 Chilka Lame
Belur
Itmad - ud - Daulah's
Tomb
Near
Bhubaneswar
16 Dal Lake Srinagar
17 Dilwara Temples Mt. Abu
18 Elephanta Caves Mumbai
19 Golden Temple Amirtsar
20 Gol Gumbaz Bijapur
21 Hanging Gardens Mumbai
22
Hawa Mahal
(Palace of Winds) Jaipur
Agra

S. No. Place City / State
26 Jagannath Temple Puri
27 Jama Masjid Delhi
28 Jantar Mantar Delhi
29 Jog (Geresoppa) Falls Mysore
30 Kailasanath Temples Ellora
31 Kanyakumari Temples
Cape
Comorin
32 Khajuraho Bhopal
33 Konark Puri
34 Lal Bagh Gardens Bangalore
S. No. Place City / State
35 Mahakaleeswar Temple Ujjain
36 Mahesuramurthi (Trimurti) Elephanta Caves
37 Malabar Hills Mumbai
38 Manmandir Palace Gwalior Fort
39 Marble Rocks Jabalpur
40 Marina Beach Chennai
41 Meenakshi Temple Madurai
42 Padmanabha Temple Trivandrum
43 Panch Mahal Fatepur Sikri
44 Tower of Fame Chittorgarh
Important Days in World History Timeline
Jan 1 Army Medical Corps Establishment Day
Jan 8 African National Congress Foundation Day
Jan 10 World Laughter Day
Jan 11 Death anniversary of Lai Bahadur Shastri
Jan 12 National Youth Day (Birth day of Swami Vivekanand)
Jan 15 Army Day

Jan 23 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary
Jan 25 International Customs Duty Day, India Tourism Day
Jan 26 Republic Day
Jan 28 Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai
Jan 30
Jan 30
(Martyr's day) Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day; World Leprosy
Eradication Day
(Martyr's day) Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day; World Leprosy
Eradication Day
Feb 2 National day of Srilanka
Feb 2 World Wetlands Day
Feb 5 Kashmir Day (Organized by Pakistan)
Feb 13 Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary
Feb 14 St. Valentine's Day
Feb 24 Central Excise Day
Feb 28 National Science Day
Mar 3 National Defence Day
Mar 4 National Security Day
Mar 8 International Women's Day
Mar 9 CISF Raising Day
Mar 12 Mauritius Day; Central Industrial Security Force Day
Mar 15 World Consumer Day
Mar 16 National Vaccination Day
Mar 19 World Disabled Day
Mar 21 World Forestry Day
Mar 22 World Day for Water
Mar 23 World Meteorological Day
Mar 24 World TB Day
Mar 26 Bangladesh Liberation Day
April 1 Orissa Day
April 5 National Maritime Day
April 7 World Health Day
April 13 Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day (1919)
April 14 B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day; Fire Extinguishing Day

April 18 World Heritage Day
April 22 World Earth Day
April 23 World Books Day
May 1 International Labour Day (May Day)
May 3 International Energy Day
May 8
International Red Cross Day (It is celebrated to commemorate the
birth anniversary of the founder of the
Red Cross Organisation Jean Henry Dunant)
May 11 National Technology Day
May 15 International Family Day
May 17 World Telecom Day
May 24 Commonwealth Day
May 31 World No Tobacco Day
Jun 5 World Environment Day
Jun 27 World Diabetes Day
Jul 1 Doctor's Day
Jul 4 American Independence Day
Jul 11 World Population Day
Jul 26 Kargil Victory Day
Aug 6 Hiroshima Day
Aug 9 Quit India Movement Day
Aug 12 International Youth Day
Aug 14 Pakistan's Independence Day
Aug 15 India's Independence Day
Aug 19 World Photography Day
Aug 20 Sadbhavna Divas
Aug 29 Sports Day (Dhyanchand's birthday)
Aug 30 Small Industry Day
Sep 5 Teacher's Day
Sep 7 Forgiveness Day
Sep 8 International Literacy Day
Sep 14 Hindi Day, World First Aid Day
Sep 15 International Day of Democracy
Sep 16 Weld Ozone Day
Sep 21 Word Alzheimer's Day

Sep 25 Social Justice Day
Sep 27 World Tourism Day
Oct 1 International Day for the Elderly (UN)
Oct 2 Gandhi Jayanti, International Non-violence Day
Oct 3 World Nature Day
Oct 4 World Animal Day
Oct 5 World Habitat Day; World Teacher's Day
Oct 6 World Wildlife Day
Oct 8 Indian Air force Day
Oct 9 World Postal Day
Oct 10 World Mental Health Day; National Post Day
Oct 12 World Sight Day
Oct 13 World Calamity Control Day (UN)
Oct 14 World Standards Day
Oct 15 World White cane day (guiding the blind)
Oct 17 International Poverty Eradication Day
Oct 20 National Solidarity Day (China attacked India on that day)
Oct 24 United Nations Day
Oct 30 World Thrift day
Oct 31 National Integration Day (In memory of Indira Gandhi)
Nov 7 Infant Protection Day; World Cancer Awareness Day
Nov 9 Pravasiya Bharatiya Divas/Legal Services Day
Nov 10 Transport Day
Nov 14 Children's Day/World Diabetics day
Nov 17 Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniversary
Nov 20 International Children's Day
Nov 26 Law Day
Nov 30 Flag Day
Dec 1 World AIDS Day
Dec 4 Navy Day
Dec 7 Armed Forces Flag Day
Dec 10 Human Rights Day
Dec 11 UNICEF Day
Dec 14 National Energy Conservation Day
Dec 19 Goa's Liberation Day

Dec 23 Kisan Divas (Farmer's day)
International Years
Years Speciality of Years
2001 Year of Woman Empowerment (Government of India)
2002 International Year of Mountain (by FAO)
2003 International Fresh Water Year
2004 International Year of Rice
2005 International Year of Physics/Sports (by UNO)
2006 International Year of Deserts and Desertification
2007 International Polar Year, Year of the Dolphin
2008 International Year of Sanitation, International Year of Languages
2009
International Year of Astronomy (UN)
International Year of Natural Fibers (FAO)
International Year of Reconciliation
Year of the OX (China)

National Income of India
• According to the National Income Committee (1949), “A national income
estimate measures the volume of commodities and services turned out
during a given period counted without duplication”.
Thus, national income measures the net value of goods and services produced in
a country during a year and it also includes net earned foreign income.
• In other words, a total of national income measures the flow of goods and
services in an economy. National income is a flow not a stock.
As contrasted with national wealth, which measures the stock of commodities
held by the nationals of a country at a point of time, national income measures
the productive power of an economy in a given period to turn out goods and
services for final consumption.
• In India, National income estimates are related with the financial year
(April 1 to March 31).
• Concepts of National Income India
The various concepts of national income are as follows :
1. Gross National Product Formula (GNP): Gross National Product refers to the
money value of total output or production of final goods and services produced
by the nationals of a country during a given period of time, generally a year.
As we include all final goods and services produced by nationals of a country
during a year in the calculation of GNP, we include the money value of goods
and services produced by nationals outside the country.
Hence, income produced and received by nationals of a country within the
boundaries of foreign countries should be added in Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) of the country. Similarly, income received by foreign nationals within the
boundary of the country should be excluded from GDE.
In Gross National Product Equation Form :
GNP = GDP + X – M,
where,
X = Income earned and received by nationals within the boundaries of foreign
countries
M = Income received by foreign nationals from within the country.

If X = M, then GNP = GDP.
Similarly, in a closed economy X = M = 0, then also GNP = GDP.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total money value of all final goods
and services produced within the geographical boundaries of the country
during a given period of time.
As a conclusion, it must be understood while domestic product emphasizes the
total output which is raised within the geographical boundaries of the country;
national product focuses attention not only on the domestic product, but also on
goods and services produced outside the boundaries of a nation. Besides, any
part of GDP which is produced by nationals of a country, should be included in
GNP.
2. Net National Product Formula (NNP): NNP is obtained by subtracting
depreciation value (i.e., capital stock consumption) from GNP.
In Net National Product Equation Form :
NNP = GNP – Depreciation
3. National Income: GNP, explained above, is based on market prices of
produced goods which includes indirect taxes and subsidies.
NNP can be calculated in two ways:
1. at market prices of goods and services.
2. at factor cost.
• When NNP is obtained at factor cost, it is known as National Income.
National Income is calculated by subtracting net indirect taxes (i.e., total
indirect tax-subsidy) from NNP at market prices. The obtained value is
known as NNP at factor cost or National income.
• In NNP Equation Form :
NNP at factor cost or National Income = NNP at Market price – (Indirect Taxes –
Subsidy) = NNPMP – Indirect Tax + Subsidy.
• Personal Income: Personal income is that income which is actually
obtained by nationals. Personal income is obtained by subtracting
corporate taxes and payments made for social securities provisions from

national income and adding to it government transfer payments, business
transfer payments and net interest paid by the government
In Personal Income Equation Form :
Personal Income = National income – undistributed profits of Corporations –
payments for social security provisions – corporate taxes + government transfer
payments + Business transfer payments + Net interest paid by government.
• It should always be kept in mind that personal income is a flow concept.
• Disposable Personal Income : When personal direct taxes are subtracted
from personal income the obtained value is called disposable personal
income (DPI).
In Disposable Personal Income Equation Form :
[Disposal Personal Income] = [Personal Income] – [Direct Texes].
Methods of Measuring National Income
• According to Simon Kuznets, national income of a country is calculated by
following mentioned three methods:
1. Product Method: S. Kuznets gave a new name to this method, i.e., product
service method. In this method, net value of final goods and services produced in
a country during a year is obtained, which is called total final product. This
represents Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Net income earned in foreign
boundaries by nationals is added and depreciation is subtracted from GDP.
2. Income Method: In this method, a total of net incomes earned by working
people in different sectors and commercial enterprises are obtained. Incomes of
both categories of people – paying taxes and not paying taxes are added to obtain
national income.
For adopting this method, sometimes a group of people from various income
groups is selected and on the basis of their income national income of the
country is estimated. In a broad sense, by income method national income is
obtained by adding receipts as total rent, total wages, total interest and total
profit.
Symbolically:
National Income = Total Rent + Total Wages + Total Interest + Total Profit.

3.Consumption Method: It is also called expenditure method. Income is either
spent on consumption or saved. Hence, national income is the addition of total
consumption and total savings. For using this method, we need data related to
income and savings of the consumers.
• Generally reliable data of saving and consumption are not easily available.
Therefore, expenditure method is generally not used for estimating
national income.
• In India, a combination of production method and income method is used
for estimating national income.
Estimates of National Income in India
• No specific attempts were made for estimating national income in India
during pre-independence era. In 1868, the first attempt was made by
Dadabhai Naoroji.
He, in his book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’, estimated Indian per
capita annual income at a level of Rs.20. Some other economists followed it and
gave various estimates of Indian national income. Some of these estimates are as
follows:
Findlay Shirr as (1911) 49
Wadia and Joshi (1913-14) 44-30
Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao (1925-29) 76
Rs. per capita
• Soon after independence, the Government of India appointed the National
Income Committee in Aug 1949 under the chairmanship of Prof. PC
Mahalanobis, to compile authoritative estimates of national income. The
committee submitted its first report in 1951 and the final report 1954.
According to this report, the total national income of the country was estimated
at a level of Rs.8,650 crore and per capita income at a level of Rs.246.90. The final
report appeared in 1954 gave estimates of national income during the period
1950-1954. For further estimation of national income, the government established
Central Statistical Organization (CSO) which now regularly publishes income
national data.

• Recently CSO has introduced a new series on National Income with 1999-
2000 as base year. National income includes the contribution of three
sectors of the economy primary Sector (Agriculture, Forest, Fisheries,
Mining), Secondary Sector (Industries – Manufacturing and Construction)
and Tertiary Sector (Trade, Transport, Communications, Banking,
Insurance, Real Estate, Community and Personal Services).
CSO and NSSO to be Merged
• The government is planning to merge Central Statistical Organization
(CSO) and National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) for promoting
statistical network in the country. The newly merged unit will be named
as National Statistical Organization (NSO). The head of the organization
will be designated as ‘Chief of Statistician of India’ and will be having the
rank of Chief.
Books and Authors [ A ]
Name of Famous Book Famous Author
A Bend in the River V.S. Naipaul
A Brief History of Time Stephen Hawking
A China Passage John Kenneth Galbraith
Accidental Death of an Anarchist Dario Fo
A Clockwork Orange Anthony Burgess
A Critique of Pure Reason Immanuel Kant
A Doll's House Ibsen
A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway
A Fine Balance Rohinton Mistry
A Handful of Dust Evelyn Waugh
A House for Mr. Biswas V.S. Naipaul

A Million Mutinies Now V.S. Naipaul
A Midsummer Night's Dream William Shakespeare
A Passage to England Nirad C. Choudhari
A Passage to India E.M. Foster
A Prisoner's Scrapbook L.K. Advani
A Sense of Time H.S. Vatsyayan
A Strange and Sublime Address Amit Chaudhary
A Streetcar Named Desire Tennesse Williams
A Study of History Arnold J. Toynbee
A Suitable Boy Vikram Seth
A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens
A Thousand Days Arthur M. Schlesinger
A Thousand Suns Dominique Lappierre
A Village by the Sea Anita Desai
A Voice for Freedom Nayantara Sehgal
A Week with Gandhi Louis Fischer
A Woman's Life Guy de Maupassant
Absolute Power David Baldacci
Adam Bede George Eliot
Adonis P.B. Shelley
Adventures of Tom Sawyer Mark Twain
Afternoon Raag Amit Chaudhari
Agni Veena Kazi Nazrul Islam
Akbarnama Abdul Fazal
Alice in Wonderland Lewis Carroll
All Quiet on the Western Front Erick Maria Remarque
All the King's Men Robert Penn Warren
All the President's Men Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward
All Things Bright and Beautiful James Herriot
All's Well that Ends Well William Shakespeare
Amar Kosh Amar Singh
An American Dilemma Gunnar Myrdal
An American Tragedy Theodore Dreiser
An Area of Darkness V.S. Naipaul
An Autobiography Jawaharlal Nehru
An Equal Music Vikram Seth

A Million Mutinies Now V.S. Naipaul
An Idealist View of Life Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Anandmath Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
And Quiet Flows the Don Mikhail Sholokhov
Angels in America Tony Kushner
Animal Farm George Orwell
Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy
Antony and Cleopatra William Shakespeare
Ape and Essence Aldous Huxley
Around the World in Eighty Days Jules Verne
Arrowsmith Sinclair Lewis
As You Like It William Shakespeare
Asia and Western Dominance K.M. Panikkar
Asian Drama Gunnar Myrdal
August 1914 Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Autobiography of an Unknown Indian Nirad C. Choudhuri
Name of Famous Book Famous Author
[ B ]
Babbit Sinclair Lewis
Back to Methuselah George Bernard Shaw
Bandicoot Run Manohar Malgaonkar
Beginning of the Beginning Bhagwan Sri Rajneesh
Being Digital Nicholas Negroponte
Beloved Toni Morrison
BenHur Lewis Wallace
Beyond the Horizon Eugene O' Neill
Bharat Bharati Maithili Saran Gupta
Biographia Literaria Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Black Holes and Baby Universes Stephen Hawking
Blood, Brain and Beer David Ogilvy
Bonfire of the Vanities Tom Wolfe
Born Free Joy Adamson
Brave New World Aldous Huxley
Bread, Beauty and Revolution Khwaja Ahmad Abbas
Breakfast at Tiffany's Truman Capote
Breakthrough Gen. Moshe Dayan
Bubble, The Mulk Raj Anand
Business @ the Speed of Thought Bill Gates
Byzantium W.B. Yeats
Cadillac Desert Marc Reisner
Caesar and Cleopatra George Bernard Shaw
Candida George Bernard Shaw
Candide Voltaire
Catch-22 Joseph Heller
Catcher in the Rye J. D. Salinger
Centennial James A. Michener
Chemmeen Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Cherry Orchard Anton Chekov
Chidambara Sumitranandan Pant
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage Lord Byron
Chitra Rabindra Nath Tagore
Choma's Drum K. Shivaram Karanth
Chronicle of a Death Foretold Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Circle of Reason Amitav Ghosh
Circles of Silence Preeti Singh
City of Joy Dominique Lapierre
City of Djinns William Dalrymple
Comedy of Errors William Shakespeare
Coming of Age in Samoa Margaret Mead
Common Sense Thomas Paine
Communist Manifesto Karl Marx
Confessions J.J. Rousseau

Black Holes and Baby Universes Stephen Hawking
Confessions of an English Opium Eater Thomas De Quincey
Confidential Clerk T.S Eliot
Conquest of Self Mahatma Gandhi
Coolie Mulk Raj Anand
Count of Monte Cristo Alexander Dumas
Coverty Papers Joseph Addison
Creation Gore Vidal
Crescent Moon Rabindra Nath Tagore
Crime and Punishment Feodor Dostoyevsky
Crisis into Chaos E M.S. Namboodiripad
Cry, the Beloved Country Alan Paton
Name of Famous Book Famous Author
[ D ]
Darkness at Noon Arthur Koestler
Darkness Visible William Styron
Das Kapital Karl Marx
David Copperfield Charles Dickens
Days of Grace Arthur Ashe & Arnold Rampersad
Death in Venice Thomas Mann
Death of a City Amrita Pritam
Death of a Patriot R.E. Harrington
Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller
Debacle Emile Zola
Decameron Giovanni Boccaccio
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Edward Gibbon
Descent of Man Charles Darwin

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Edward Gibbon
Deserted Village Oliver Goldsmith
Devdas Sharat Chandra Charterjee
Dilemma of Our Time Harold Joseph Laski
Diplomacy Henry Kissinger
Discovery of India Jawaharlal Nehru
Distant Drums Manohar Malgaonkar
Divine Comedy Dante Alighieri
Divine Life Swami Sivananda
Doctor Zhivago Boris Pasternak
Doctor's Dilemma George Bernard Shaw
Don Juan Lord Byron
Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson
Durgesh Nandini Bankim Chandra Charterjee
Down Under Bill Bryson
Dust to Dust Tami Hoag
[ E ]
Earth Emile Zola
Eminent Victorians Lytton Strachey
Emma Jane Austen
Ends and Means Aldous Huxley
English August Upamanyu Charterjee
Envoy to Nehru Escort Reid
Essays of Elia Charles Lamp
Essays on Gita Sri Aurobindo Ghosh
Eternal Himalayas Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia
Ethics for New Millennium The Dalai Lama
Expanding Universe Arthur Stanley Eddington
[ F ]
Faces of Everest Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia
Family Matters Rohinton Mistry
Family Reunion T.S. Eliot
Far from the Madding Crowd Thomas Hardy
Farewell the Trumpets James Morris
Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Edward Gibbon
Fasting Feasting Anita Desai
Father and Sons Ivan Turgenev
Faust J.W. Goeth
The Final Days Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
First Circle Alexander Solzhernitsyn
For Whom the Bell Tolls Ernest Hemingway
Forsyth Saga John Galsworthy
Fortynine Days Amrita Pritam
Freedom at Midnight Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre
French Revolution Thomas Carlyle
Friends and Foes Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
From Here to Eternity James Jones
Name of Famous Book Famous Author
[ G ]
Ganadevata Tara Shankar Bandopadhyaya
Gandhi and Stalin Louis Fisher
Gardener Rabindranath Tagore
Gathering Storm Winston Churchill
Ghasiram Kotwal Vijay Tendulkar
Gitanjali Rabindranath Tagore
Glimpses of World History Jawaharlal Nehru
Godan Prem Chand
Golden Threshold Sarojini Naidu
Gone With The Wind Margaret Mitchell
Good Earth Pearl S. Buck

Good Times, Bad Times Harold Evans
Goodbye, Mr. Chips James Hilton
Grammar of Politics Harold Joseph Laski
Great Expectations Charles Dickens
Guide R.K. Narayan
Gulag Archipelago Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Gulliver's Travels Janathan Swift
Gypsi Masala Preethi Nair
[ H ]
Half a Life V S Naipaul
Hamlet W. Shakespeare
Harvest Manjula Padmanabhan
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix J.K. Rowling
Harry Potter and the Goblet of fire J.K. Rowling
Heat and Dust Ruth Prawer Jhabwala
Heri Apparent Dr. Karan Singh
Heritage Anthony West
Heroes and Hero Worship Thomas Carlyle
Himalayan Blunder Brigadier J.P. Dalvi
Hindu View of Life Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Hinduism Nirad C. Choudhuri
Homage to Catalonia George Orwell
How to know God Deepak Chopra
Hullabaloo in a Guava Orchard Kiran Desai
Human Factor Graham Green
Hunchback of Notre Dame Victor Hugo
Hungry Stones Rabindra Nath Tagore
[ I ]
lacocca Lee lacocca
Ideas and Opinions Albert Einstein
I follow the Mahatma K.M. Munshi
Idols Sunil Gavaskar
If I am Assassinated Z.A. Bhutto
If Only Geri Halliwell
Ignited Minds A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
In Evil Hour Gabriel Garcia Marques

Good Times, Bad Times Harold Evans
In Memoriam Alfred Lord Tennyson
In Search of Gandhi Richard Attenborough
India in the New Millennium Dr. P.C. Alexander
India Changes Taya Zinkin
India Discovered John Keay
India Divided Rajendra Prasad
India Emerging power Stephen Philip Cohen
India Another Millennium Romila Thapar
India Unbound Gurcharan Das
India of Our Dreams M.V. Kamath
India Remembered Percival & Margaret Spear
India Wins Freedom Abul Kalam Azad
India's Priceless Heritage N.A. Palkhivala
Indian Philosophy Dr. S. Radhakrishanan
Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi Katherine Frank
Inscrutable Americans Anurag Mathur
Inside Asia, Inside Europe, Inside Africa,
etc
John Gunther
Interpreter of Maladies Jhumpa Lahiri
Intimacy Jean Paul Sartre
Invisible Man H.G. Wells
Is Paris Burning Larry Collins & Dominique Lapierre
Isabella John Keats
Islamic Bomb Stev Weissman & Herbert Krouney
It was Five Past Midnight in Bhopal
Dominique Lapierre and Javier
Moro
Ivanhoe Sir Walter Swatt
Name of Famous Book Famous Author
[ J ]
Jai Somnath K.M. Munshi
Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte
Jean Christopher Romain Rolland

Name of Famous Book Famous Author
Julius Caeser William Shakespeare
Jungle Book Rudyard Kipling
Junglee Girl Ginu Kamani
Jurassic Park Michael Crichton
[ K ]
Kalpana Chawla: A Life Anil Padmanabhan
Kamasutra Vatsyayana
Kane and Abel
Kanthapura Raja Rao
Jeffrey Archer
Kashmir: A Tragedy of Errors Tavleen Singh
Kayar Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
Kenilworth Sir Walter Scott
Kidnapped Robert Louis Stevenson
Kim Rudyard Kipling
King Lear William Shakespeare
Kubla Khan Samuel Taylor Coleridge
[ L ]
Ladies Coupe Anita Nair
La Peste Albert Camus
Lady Chatterley's Lover D.H. Lawrence
Lajja Taslima Nasreen
Last Burden Upamanyu Chatterjee
Last Things C.P. Snow
Le Contract (Social Contract) J.J. Rousseau
Lead Kindly Light Vincent Shean
Leaders Richard Nixon
Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman
Less Miserables Victor Hugo
Leviathan Thomas Hobbes
Life Divine Sri Aurobindo
Life is Elsewhere Milan Kundera

Kane and Abel
Jeffrey Archer
Life of Samuel Johnson James Boswell
Living History Hillary Clinton
Lolita Vladimir Nobakov
Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner Allan Sillitoe
Long Day's Journey into Night Eugene O' Neill
Long Walk to Freedom Nelson Mandela
Look Back in Anger John Osborne
Lord of the Flies William Golding
Love Story Erich Segal
[ M ]
Macbeth W. Shakespeare
Magic Mountain Thomas Mann
Mahatma Gandhi and his Apostles Ved Mehta
Mahatma Gandhi Romain Rolland
Main Street Sinclair Lewis
Malgudi Days R. K. Narayan
Man ard Superman George Bernard Shaw
Man of Property John Galsworthy
Man, Beast and Virtue Luigi Pirandello
Man-eaters of Kumaon Jim Corbett
Managing for the Future Peter Drucker
Managing for Results Peter Drucker
Mankind and Mother Earth Arnold Toynbee
Many Worlds K. P. S. Menon
Mayor of Casterbndge Thomas Hardy
Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler
Memories of Hope Gen. Charles de Gaulle
Men are from Mars. Women are from Venus John Gray
Middle March George Eliot
Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie
Mill on the Floss George Eliot
Moby Dick Hermann Melville
Moonwalk Michael Jackson
Mother India Katherine Mayo

Kane and Abel
Jeffrey Archer
Mother Maxim Gorky
Much Ado About Nothing William Shakespeare
Murder in the Cathedral T. S. Eliot
My Days R. K. Narayan
My India S. Nihal Singh
My Life and Times V. V. Giri
My Music, My Life Pt. Ravi Shankar
My Own Boswell M. Hidayatullah
My Presidential Years R. Venkataraman
Mystic River Dennis Lehane
My Son's Father Dom Moraes
My Truth Indira Gandhi
[ N ]
Name of Famous Book Famous Author
Nana Emile Zola
Never At Home Dom Moraes
New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy A. B. Vajpayee
Nice Guys Finish Second B. K. Nehru
Nineteen Eighty Four George Orwell
Nisheeth Uma Shankar Joshi
No Full Stops in India Mark Tully
Nostradamus and his Prophecies Edgar Leoni
Nostromo Joseph Conrad

'O' Jerusalem
[ O ]
Larry Collins & Dominique
Lapierre
Odakkuzhal G. Shankara Kurup
Of Human Bondage W. Somerset Maugham
Oliver Twist Charles Dickens
On The Threshold of Hope Pope John Paull II
One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel Garcia Marquez
One World and India Arnold Toynbee
One World Wendelll Wilkie
Operation Bluestar: The True Story Lt. Gen. K.S. Brar
Operation Shylock Phillip Roth
Othello William Shakespeare
Our Films, Their Fiims Satyajit Ray
Out of Africa Isak Dinesen
[ R ]
Rabbit, Run John Updike
Rangbhoomi Prem Chand
Rape of Bangladesh Anthony Mascarenhas
Ravan & Eddie Kiran Nagarkar
Rebel, The Albert Camus
Red Badge of Courage Stephen Crane
Red Earth and Pouring Rain Vikram Chandra
Red Star Over China Edgar Snow
Reflections on the French Revolution Edmund Burke
Remembering Babylon David Malouf
Rendezvous with Rama Arthur C. Clark
Revolution from Within Gloria Steinem
Riding the Storm Harold MacMillan
Riot: A Novel Shashi Tharoor
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich William L. Shierer
Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe
Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare
Room at the Top John Braine
Rubaiyati Omar Khayyam Edward Fitzgerald
[ S ]

[ O ]
Saket Maithili Sharan Gupta
Sanctuary William Faulkner
Scam, The: Who Won, Who Lost, Who Got Away
Debashis Basu and Sucheta
Dalal
Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne
Seven Lamps of Architecture John Ruskin
Seven Summers Mulk Raj Anand
Sexual Behaviour in the American Male Alfred Kinsey
Shadow and Act Ralph Ellison
Shadow from Ladakh Bhavani Bhattacharya
Shape of Things to Come H. G. Wells
She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith
Siddharta Hermann Hesse
Silent Spring Rachel Carson
Six Characters in Search of an Author Luigi Piradello
Six Easy Pieces Richard P. Feynman
Slaughter House Five Kurt Vonnegut
Small is Beautiful: A study of Economics as if
People Mattered
Ernst Schumacher
Snakes and Ladders: Essays on India Gita Mehta
Snow Country Yasunari Kawabata
Sohrab and Rustam Mathew Arnold
Sons and Lovers D. H. Lawrence
Sophie's Choice William Styron
Story of My Life Moshe Dayan
Strangers and Brothers C. P. Snow
Strife John Galsworthy
Stupid White Men Michael Moore
Sun Stone Octavio Paz
Sunny Days Sunil Gavaskar
Swami and Friends R. K. Naravan

[ T ]
Name of Famous Book Famous Author
Talisman Sir Walter Scott
Tarzan of the Apes Edgar Rice Burroughs
Tempest William Shakespeare
Tender is the Night E. Scott Fitzgerald
Tenth Insight James Redfield
Thank You, Jeeves P. G. Wodehouse
The Adventures of Sheriock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle
The Affluent Society John Kenneth Galbraith
The Age of Reason Jean Paul Sartre
The Agenda Bob Woodward
The Agony and the Ecstasy Irving Stone
The Ambassadors Henry James
The Applecart George Bernard Shaw
The Arrangement Elia Kazan
The Banyan Tree Hugh Tinker
The Best and the Brightest David Halberstam
The Better Man Anita Nair
The Big Fisherman Lloyd Douglas
The Bride's Book of Beauty Mulk Raj Anand
The Bridges of Madison Country R. J. Waller
The Cancer Ward Alexander Solzhenitsyn
The Call of the Wild Jack London
The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer
The Captive of the Caucasus Alexander Pushkin
The Cardinal Henry Morton Robinson
The Caretaker Harold Pinters
The Castle Franz Kafka
The Cat and Shakespeare Raja Rao
The Changing World of the Executive Peter Drucker

The Ambassadors Henry James
The Civil War Shelby Foote
The Clown Heinrich Boll
The Coup John Updike
The Court Dancer Rabindra Nath Tagore
The Crucible Arthur Miller
The Day of the Locust Nathaniel West
The Death of Vishnu Manil Suri
The Degeneration of India T. N. Seshan
The Diary of a Young Girl Anne Frank
The Double Helix James D. Watson
The End of a Beautiful Era Joseph Brodsky
The End of History and the Last Man Francis Fukuyama
The Executioner's Song Norman Mailer
The Eye of the Storm Patrick White
The Far Pavilions M. M. Kaye
The Faraway Music Svetlana Allilueva
The Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan
The Fifth Horseman
Larry Collins and Domnique
Lapierre
The Fire Next Time James Baldwin
The Forbidden Sea Tara Ali Baig
The French Lieutenant's Woman John Fowles
The Fury Salman Rushdie
The Ginger Man J. P. Donleavy
The Glass Palace Amitav Ghosh
The God of Small Things Arundhati Roy
The Godfather Mario Puzo
The Golden Gate Vikram Seth
The Grapes and the Wind Pablo Neruda
The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck
The Great Challenge Louis Fischer
The Great Indian Novel Shashi Tharoor
The Guns of August Barbara Tuchman
The Heart is a Lonely Hunter Carson McCullers
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Douglas Adams

The Ambassadors Henry James
The Horse Whisperer Nicholas Evans
The Green Knight Iris Murdoch
The Heart of the Matter Graham Greene
The Hot Zone Richard Prelurid
The House of the Spirits Isabel Allende
The Humboldt Gift Saul Bellow
The Idiot Feodor Dostoyevsky
The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde
The Interpreter of Maladies Jhumpa Lahiri
The Interpreters Wole Soyinka
The Invisible Man Ralph Ellison
The Joke Milan Kundera
The Judge Steve Martini
The Judgement Kuldip Nayar
The Keeper of the Keys Milan Kundera
The Last Temptation of Christ Kazant Zakis
The Legends of Khasak O. V. Vijayan
The Making of a Midsummer Night's
Dream
David Selboume
The Mandarin Simon de Beauvoir
The Masters C. P. Snow
The Men Who killed Gandhi Manohar Malgaonkar
The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeare
The Middle Ground Margaret Drabble
The Mind of the CEO Jeffrey E. Garten
The Minister's Wife Amaresh Mishra
The Miser Moliere
The Moon and Sixpence W. Somerset Maugham
The Moor's Last Sigh Salman Rushdie
The Night Manager Johnle Cane
The Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway
The Origin of Species Charles Darwin
The Other Side of Midnight Sidney Sheldon
The Painted Veil W. Somerset Maugham
The Pickwick Papers Charles Dickens

The Ambassadors Henry James
The Pilgrim's Progress John Bunyan
The Power and the Glory Graham Greene
The Power of Positive Thinking Norman Vincent Peale
The Private Life of Chairman Mao Dr. Li Zhisui
The Proper Study of Mankind Isaiah Berlin
The Rain King Saul Bellow
The Rape of the Lock Alexander Pope
The Return of the Native Thomas Hardy
The Rights of Man Thomas Paine
The Road Ahead Bill Gates
The Robe Lloyd C. Douglas
The Roots Alex Haley
The Satanic Verses Salman Rushdie
The Second World War Winston Churchill
The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success Deepak Chopra
The Sheltering Sky Paul Bowles
The Shoes of the Fisherman Morris L. West
The Social Contract Rousseau
The Songs of India Sarojini Naidu
The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner
The Spirit of the Age William Hazlitt
The Story of My Experiments with Truth Mahatma Gandhi
The Strange and Sublime Address Amit Chaudhari
The Struggle and the Triumph Lech Walesa
The Struggle in My Life Nelson Mandela
The Sword and the Sickle Mulk Raj Anand
The Testament John Grisham
The Third Wave Alvin Tofler
The Total Zone Martina Navaratilova
The Tree of Man Patrick White
The Trial Franz Kafka
The Trotter-Nama Allan Sealy
The Unfurnished Man Nizzim Ezekiel
The Vendor of Sweets R. K. Narayan
The Victim Saul Bellow

The Ambassadors Henry James
The Volcano Lover Susan Sontag
The Wasteland T.S. Eliot
The Way of all Flesh Samuel Butler
The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith
Theory of War John Brady
Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe
The Thirteenth Sun Amrita Pritam
Thorn Birds Collen McCullough
Thousand Cranes Yasunari Kawabata
Three Horsemen of the New Apocalypse Nirad C. Chaudhuri
Time Machine H. G. Wells
Tin Drum Gunther Grass
Tinker, Tailor Soldier John Le-Came
Tom Jones Henry Fielding
To the Lighthouse Virginia Woolf
Train to Pakistan Khushwant Singh
Treasure Island Robert Louis Stevenson
Tropic of Cancer Henry Miller
Tryst with Destiny S. Gopalan
Twelfth Night W. Shakespeare
Two Leaves and a Bud Mulk Raj Anand
Name of Famous Book Famous Author
[ U ]
Ulyssos James Joyce
Uncle Tom's Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe
Under the Net Iris Murdoch
Unsafe at Any Spoed Ralph Nader
Unto The Last John Ruskm
Untold story General B M Kaul
Up from Slavery Booker T. Washington
Utopia Thomas Moore
[ V ]
Valley of the Dolls Jacqueline Susann
Vanity Fair William Thackeray

[ W ]
Waiting for Godot Samuel Beckett
Waiting for the Mahatma R. K. Narayan
Wake Up India Annie Besant
War and Peace Leo Tolstoy
Westward Ho Charles Kingsley
What they don't teach you at Harvard Business School Mark H. Mc Cormack
[ Y ]
Yayati V. S. Khandekar
Year of the Upheaval Henry Kissinger
Yesterday and Today K.P.S. Menon
[ Z ]
Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance Robert Pirsig
Nick Names Fathers
Father of Greek Tragedy
Aeschylus
Father of Comedy Aristophanes
Father of the Telephone Alexander Graham Bell
Father of Sunday Newspapers John Bell
Father of Chemistry Robert Boyle
Father of Canada Jacques Cartier
Father of English Poetry Geoffery Chaucer
Father of Aviation Sir George Cayley
Father of Immunology Edward Jenner
Father of Modern Chemistry Antoine Lavoisier
Father of Atom Bomb Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
Father of Nuclear Physics Ernest Rutherford
Father of Economics Adam Smith
Father of Railways George Stephenson

Discoveries in Geography
Discovery Discoverer
America Christopher Columbus
Sea route to India via Cape of Good Hope Vasco-da-Gama
Solar system Copernicus
Planets Kepler
South Pole Amundsen
North Pole Robert Peary
China Marco Polo
New Foundland Gobot Sebastian
Hudson Bay Henry Hudson
Sailor of the world Magellan
Mount Everest Edmund Hillary
First person to set foot on the moon Neil Armstrong
Tasmania island Tasman
Cape of the Good Hope Baurtho Romeiodeis

Record Makers and Breakers
The first person to reach Mount Everest
Sherpa Tenzing, Edmund
Hillary
The first person to reach North Pole Robert Peary
The first person to reach South Pole Amundsen
The first religion of the world Hinduism
The first country to print book China
The first country to issue paper currency China
The first country to commence competitive
examination in civil services
China
The first President of the U.S.A George Washington
The first Prime Minister of Britain Robert Walpole
The first Governor General of the United Nations Trigveli (Norway)
The first country to win football World cup Uruguay
The first country to prepare a constitution U.S.A
The first Governor General of Pakistan Mohd. Ali Jinnah
The first country to host NAM summit Belgrade (Yugoslavia)
The first European to attack India Alexander, The Great
The first European to reach China Marco Polo
The first person to fly aeroplane Wright Brothers
The first person to sail round the world Magellan
The first country to send man to the moon U.S.A
The first country to launch Artificial satellite in
the space
Russia
The first country to host the modern Olympics Greece
The first city on which the atom bomb was
dropped
The first person to land on the moon
Hiroshima (Japan)
The first shuttle to go in space Columbia
The first spacecraft to reach on Mars Viking-I
Neil Armstrong followed by
Edwin E. Aldrin

The first country to host NAM summit Belgrade (Yugoslavia)
The first woman Prime Minister of England Margaret Thatcher
The first Muslim Prime Minister of a country Benazir Bhutto (Pakistan)
The first woman Prime Minister of a country Mrs. S. Bandamaike (Sri Lanka)
The first woman to climb Mount Everest Mrs. Junko Tabei (Japan)
The first woman cosmonaut of the world Velentina Tereshkova (Russia)
The first woman President of the U.N. General
Assembly
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
The first man to fly into space Yuri Gagarin (Russia)
The first batsman to score three test century in
three successive tests on debut
The first man to have climbed Mount Everest
twice
Mohd. Azharuddin
Nawang Gombu
The first U.S. President to resign Presidency Richard Nixon
United Nations Organisation UNO
• World’s largest international organization and a successor of League of
Nations. (League of Nations was formed after the World War, but it
failed).
• The Charter of the UN was signed at San Francisco on June 26, 1945, at a
meeting of the representatives of 50 states, representing 2/3rd of the
world population.
• The name United Nations was given at the instance of US President
Roosevelt.
• The Charter or Constitution was formed at Dumbarton Oaks (Washington
DC) Conference by USSR, UK, ITS and China.
• Formally came into existence on Oct 24, 1945.
• First regular session was held in London in Jan, 1946 and Trygve Le
(Norway) was elected the first Secretary General.
• Headquarters located at First Avenue, UN Plaza, New York City, New
York, US. It is 17 acre tract of land donated by John D. Rockfeller. The
building is 39 storeys.
• Flag: White UN emblem (2 bent olive branches open at the top, and in
between them is the map of the world) on a light blue background. It was
adopted on Oct 20, 1947. The UN Flag is not to be subordinated to any
other flag in the world.

• The purposes of the UN can be divided into 4 groups – Security, Justice,
Welfare and Human Rights.
• Disarm, decolonize and develop are the 3 new objectives set forth by the
UN.
• One of the principles of UN is not to interfere in the internal affairs of any
State so long as it acts according to the terms of the charter.
• The official languages of the UN are English, French, Chinese, Russian,
Arabic and Spanish, while the working languages are English and French
only.
• Admission of Members: New members are admitted to the General
Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
• The present membership of UN is 192.
Organs of the United Nations :
There are six principal bodies of the UN :
1. General Assembly
2. Security Council
3. Economic and Social Council
4. International Court of Justice
5. Trusteeship Council
6. Secretariat
General Assembly :
• Consists of all member states of the U.N. Each member nation can send
five delegates but each nation has only one vote.
• The General Assembly meets in regular session beginning in September
each year.
Security Council :
• It is the executive body of the U.N. It consists of total 15 members, out of
which 5 members are permanent and the remaining 10 members are nonpermanent.
• China, France, Russia, UK and USA are the permanent members.

• The non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for 2
years from among the member states.
• The permanent members of the Security Council have got veto power.
Any matter supported by the majority of the members fails to be carried
through if negative vote is cast by any of the permanent members.
Economic and Social Council :
• This organ of the U.N. consists of 54 representatives of the member
countries elected by a two third majority of the General Assembly.
• Its main function is to achieve international co-operation by solving
international problems of economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
character.
• One third of this council is elected every year for the period of three years
and equal numbers retire annually.
International Court of Justice :
• It is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
• The headquarters of the International court of justice is at The Hague
(Netherlands).
• The court consists of 15 judges. The judges of the court are elected by the
General Assembly along with the Security Council for a nine year term.
Trusteeship Council :
• This organ consists of 14 members out of which five are the permanent
members of the Security Council.
• The function of this organ is to provide for an international trusteeship
system to safeguard the interests of inhabitants of territories which are not
yet fully self governing and which may be placed there under by
individual agreements.
Secretariat :
• This organ of the United Nations is the chief administrative office which
coordinates and supervises the activities of the U.N.
• This secretariat is headed by a Secretary General who is appointed by the
General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
• Secretary-General of the U.N. is elected for five years and eligible for reelection.
Secretary Generals of the United Nations

Sl. No Name Nationality Period
1 Trygve Le Norway 1946-53
2 Dag Hammarskjoeld Sweden 1953-61
3 U. Thant Burma 1961-71
4 Kurt Waldheim Austria 1972-81
5 Javier Perez de Cuellar Peru 1982-91
6 Dr. Boutros Ghali Egypt 1992-96
7 Kofi Annan Ghana 1997-2007
8 Ban Ki-moon South Korea 2007-At Present
Other International Organisations and Groups
The Common Wealth:
• It was originally known as ‘The British Commonwealth of Nations’. It is
an association of sovereing and independent states which formally made
up the British Empire.
• Members: 53
• Headquarters: London
• The British Monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) is the symbolic head of the
commonwealth.
• Commonwealth heads of government meet (CHOGM) is held in every 2
years.
Arab-League:
• Established: March 22, 1945
• Objective: To promote economic, social, political and military
cooperation.
• Members: 22
• Headquarters: Cairo
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC):
• Established: Nov, 1989
• Objective: To promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin.
• Members: 21
• Headquarters: Singapore

Asian Development Bank (ADB):
• Established: Dec 19,1966
• Objective: To promote regional economic cooperation.
• Members: 67
• Headquarters: Manila
Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN):
• Established: Aug 8, 1967
• Objective: Regional, economic, social and cultural cooperation among the
non-communist countries of South-East Asia.
• Members: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,
Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, (10 in number).
• Headquarters: Djakarta
Common Wealth of Independent States (CIS):
• Established: Dec 8, 1991
• Objective: To coordinate inter-common wealth relations and to provide a
mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR.
• Members: 11
• Headquarters: Kirava (Belarus)
Group of 8 (G-8):
• Established: Sept 22, 1985
• Objective: To promote co-operation among major non-communist
economic powers.
• Members: France, Germany, Japan, UK, US, Canada, Italy, plus Russia
(added later).
Group of 15 (G-15):
• Established: 1989
• Objective: To promote economic co-operation among developing nations.
• Members: 18
Group of 77 (G-77):
• Established: Oct, 1967
• Objective: To promote economic co-operation among developing nations.
• Members: 130

International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol):
• Established: 1914
• Objective: To promote international cooperation among criminal police
authorities.
• Members: 187
• Headquarters: France
International Olympic Committee (IOC):
• Established: June 23, 1894
• Objective: To promote the Olympic ideals and administer Olympic
games.
• Members: 205
• Headquarters: Switzerland
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO):
• Established: Feb, 1947
• Objective: To promote the development of international standards.
• Members: 158
• Headquarters: Switzerland
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement:
• Established: 1928
• Objective: To promote worldwide humanitarian aid.
• Headquarters: Geneva
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):
• Established: Sept, 1961
• Objective: Political co-operation and separate itself from both USA and
USSR (in the cold war era).
• Members: 118
• The credit of evolving the concept goes to Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. The other
contributors were Marshal Tito (President of Yugoslavia), Dr. Sukarno
(President of Indonesia) and General Nasser (President of Egypt).
Bandung conference in Indonesia became the forum for the birth of NAM.
European Union:
• Established: Apr 8, 1965. Effective on July 1, 1967.

• Objective: To create a united Europe in which member countries would
have such strong economic and political bonds that war would cease to be
a recurring fact.
• Members: 27 (The ten new countries which joined in 2004 are Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland,
Slovakia and Slovenia) (Romania and Bulgaria joined in 2007).
• Headquarters: Brussels (Belgium). The common European, currency,
Euro, was launched on Jan. 1, 1999.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO):
• Established: April 4, 1949
• Objective: Mutual defence and cooperation.
• Members: 26 + Russia
• Headquarters: Brussels
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC):
• Established: Sept, 1959
• Objective: Attempts to set world prices by controlling oil production and
also persues member interest in trade and development.
• Members: 12 (Algeria, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, UAE, Nigeria,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Angola and Venezuela).
• Headquarters: Vienna (Austria)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC):
• Established: Dec 8, 1985
• Objective: To promote economic, social and cultural cooperation.
• Members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka & Afghanistan.
• Headquarters: Katmandu
World Meteorological Organisation (WMO):
• Established: Oct 11, 1947, Effective from April 4, 1951.
• Objective: Specialized UN Agency concerned with meteorological
cooperation.
• Members: 188
• Headquarters: Geneva
Amnesty International (Al):
• Established: 1961

• Objective: To keep a watch over human rights violation worldwide.
• Headquarters: London
• Got Nobel Prize in 1977 for Peace.
Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC):
• Established: 1969
• Objective: To promote Islamic solidarity among member states and to
consolidate cooperation among members.
• Members: 57
• Headquarters: Saudi Arabia
Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF):
• Established: Sept 11, 1961
• Objective: To save the wildlife from extinction.
• Members: All the countries of the world.
• Headquarters: Gland (Switzerland).
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO):
• Established: June 7, 2002.
• Objective: To develop mutual cooperation.
• Members: Russia, China, Kazakhistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrghiztan and
Tajikistan.
Scouts and Guides:
• Established: 1907 by Lt. Gen. Baden Powell.
• Objective: To encourage good character, loyalty to god and country,
service to other people and physical and mental fitness.
• Members: About 13 million members of around 115 nations.
• World Scouts Bureau: Geneva (Switzerland).

Famous Personalities of World
Popular Name
Personality
Lady with the lamp Florence Nightingale
Grand Old man Dadabhai Naoroji of India
Iron Duke Duke of Wellington
Guru Ji M.S. Golwalkar
John Bull England and the English people
CR Chakravarti Rajagopalacnari
King Maker Earl of Warwick
JP Jayaprakash Narayan
Little Corporal Napoleon
Mahamanya Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya
Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore
Maid of Orleans Joan of Arc
Desh Bandhu C.R. Das
Deen Bandhu C.F. Andrews
Yankee Inhabitants of U.S.A
Lion of the Punjab (Sher-i-
Punjab)
Lala Lajpat Rai
Bard of Avon Shakespeare
Panditji Jawaharlal Nehru
Man of Blood Bismark
Andhra Kesri T. Prakasam
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bapu Mahatma Gandhi
Apostle of Free Trade Richard Cobden
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Desert Fox Gen. Rommel

Maid of Orleans Joan of Arc
Nightingle of India Sarojini Naidu
Lal, Bal, Pal
Father of English Poetry Geoffery Chaucer
Feuhrer Hitler
Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin
Chandra Pal
Iron man Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
Ike Gen. Eisenhower
Tomy Atkins English soldier
Jawan Indian soldier
Poolu French soldier
Vizzy Maharaja Kumar of Vizianagara
G.I American soldier
Wizard of the North Sir Walter Scot
Samuel Clemens Mark Twain
Sparrow Major Gen. Rajender Singh
Shastriji Lal Bahadur Shastri
Babuji Jagjiwan Ram
List of Prominent Scientists
Sir Martin Ryle : U.K. (1974) Nobal Prize winner in Physics for the development
of “aperture synthesis” technique designed to identify stellar objects through
radio signals.
Dr. Vikram A Sarabhai : Former Chairman of India’s Atomic Energy
Commission and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) died on
December 30, 1971. Dr. Sarabhai was an eminent physicist mainly interested in
the astro-physical implications of Cosmic Ray Time Variations.
Dr. Frederick Sanger (1918) : First Scientist to receive two Nobel Prizes for
Chemistry in 1958 (composition of the insulin molecule) and in 1980 (molecular
structures for nucleic acids).
Dr. P.K. Sen is the Indian surgeon who performed Asia’s first heart transplant
operation in Mumbai.

Sir James Young Simpson (1811 – 1870) : British physicist to introduce
chloroform as an anaesthetic in 1847.
Frederick Soddy (1877 – 1956) : British radio chemist pioneer to research in the
atomic disintegration, discovered “isotopes” for which he received the Nobel
Prize for Chemistry in 1921.
Earnest Solvay (1838 – 1922) : Belgian chemist devised a process for manufacture
of sodium carbonate.
Dr. Earl W Sutherland : Recipient of the Nobel Prize for Medicine, 1971, credited
with the discovery, “that the hormones in the human body produce another
substance known as cyclic A.M.P., can influence its disease – resisting capacity in
the body”.
Dr. Edward Teller : U.S. nuclear scientist developed the hydrogen bomb.
Sir J.J. Thomson (1856 – 1940) : British physicist discovered the electron which
inaugurated the electrical theory of the atom.
Tsiolkovsky (1857 – 1940) : Russian pioneer who developed the basic theory of
rocketry.
Jules Verne (1828 – 1905) : French science-fiction writer; author of the book
“From the Earth to the Moon”. The book carried a more or less accurate
prediction of the launching and flight of Apollo-8.
A. Volta (1745 – 1827) : Italian physicist and pioneer of electrical science;
invented voltaic cell, the electrophorus and electroscope.
Serge Voronoff : Russian scientist known for grafting healthy animal glands,
into the human body.
Watson and Crick : Known for DNA double helix.
Sir Robert Watson Watt : British physicist. He developed radar.
James Watt (1736 – 1819) : Scottish engineer who invented steam engine.

Dr. H Yukawa (born 1907) Predicted a new particle meson which holds the
protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus, first Japanese to win the Nobel Prize
in Physics (1949).
Luis W Alvares : An American Won the Nobel Prize for elementary physics in
1960 when he discovered a new resonance particle – a discovery that shattered
the then prevailing notions as to how matter was built.
Dr. Christian B Anfinsen : USA’s one of the three co-winners of the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry, 1972.
Archimedes : Greek mathematician who lived about 250 B.C. discovery of the
Archimedes’ principle Archimedean Screw, a cylindrical device for raising water.
Kenneth J Arrow : Harvard University, U.S.A. is co-winner of the Nobel Prize
for Economics, 1972 with Sir John Richard Hicks of Oxford University. The two
men are known for their pioneering contributions to general economic
equilibrium and welfare theories.
Aryabhatta (476 – 520 A.D.) after whom India’s first scientific satellite has been
named, was a great Indian astronomer and mathematician. Among his important
contributions are the recognition of the importance of the movement of the earth
round the Sun, determination of the physical parameters of various celestial
bodies, such as diameter of the earth and the moon. He laid the foundations of
algebra and was responsible for pointing out importance of “zero”.
Amedeo Avogadro : Italian physicist, founder of Avogadro’s hypothesis. He also
defined a molecule. He lived between 1776 and 1856.
Prof. John Bardeen : USA’s co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, 1972 (with
Prof. Leon N.Cooper and Prof. John Robert Schrieffer) for researches into the
“Theory of Super – Conductivity” called BCS theory.
Christian Barnard : South African surgeon who did the first heart transplant
operation on Louis Washkansky in 1967.
Dr. G Beadle : American scientist awarded Nobel Prize for medicine in 1958 for
the actual basis of heredity.
Henri Becquerel : French physicist discovered in 1896 of Becquerel rays, the first
indications of radio – activity; later named gamma rays. He shared Nobel Prize
for Physics with the Curies in 1903. He lived between 1852 and 1908.

J.J. Berzelius : Swedish Chemist, known for chemical shorthand symbols and
atomic weights. He lived between 1779 and 1848.
Sir Henry Bessemer : English engineer invented the process for the manufacture
of steel. He lived between 1813 and 1898.
Dr. H.J. Bhabha : Indian scientist. He published important papers on Cosmic
Rays and Quantum Theory. He was professor at the Indian Science Institute,
Bangalore; Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission; Director, Tata Institute of
Fundamental Research; President, Indian Science Congress in 1951 and presided
at the Atoms for Peace Conference held at Geneva in 1956. He had many
significant researches in structure of atom and contributed largely to the setting
up of atomic reactors at Trombay (Mumbai).
Neils Bohr (born 1885) : Danish Physicist awarded Nobel Prize for Physics in
1922. He extended the theory of atomic structure of devising an atomic model in
1913.
Robert Boyle : Irish natural philosopher; one of the founders of modern
chemistry and Boyle’s law. He lived between 1627 and 1691.
Sir William Bragg : British physicist researched on the behaviour of crystals with
regard to X – rays incident upon them. He lived between 1862 and 1942.
Henry Cavendish : English physicist and chemist; discovered properties of
hydrogen in 1766. He lived between 1731 and 1810.
Sir James Chadwick : British physicist discovered the particle in an atomic
nucleus known as the neutron, because it has no electric charge. He lived
between 1891 and 1974.
Jacques Alexander Cesar Charles : A French scientist first to make a balloon
ascension with hydrogen. He has worked on the effect of temperature on the
volume of gases. He lived between 1746 and 1823.
James Clark Maxwell : British physicist worked wireless telegraphy and
telephony. His principal works include : Perception of Colour, Colour Blindness,
Theory of Heat, Electricity and Magnetism, Matter and Motion. He lived
between 1831 and 1879.
Albert Claude : A Biologist shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Medicine. His field of
research relates to causes and treatment of cancer.

Christopher Columbus : Italian navigator discovered West Indies Islands, Cuba,
Bahamas, South America in 1498. He lived between 1446 to 1506.
Leon N Cooper of USA one of the three co – winners of the Nobel prize in
Physics, 1972 for theory of superconductivity.
Copernicus : Astronomer of Poland who discovered the “Solar System”. He
lived between 1413 and 1543.
Madame Marie Curie : Polish physicist and chemist; discovered radium
awarded Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911 and Prize in physics in 1903, lived
between 1867 and 1934.
John Dalton : British scientist, founder of the Atomic Theory and law of Multiple
Proportions. He lived between 1766 and 1844.
Charles Darwin : British scientist who discovered the principle of natural
selection. He lived between 1809 and 1882.
Sir Humphrey Davy : British chemist. First to apply electric current for the
isolation of metals. He lived between 1771 and 1829.
Gerard Debreu : 1983 Nobel memorial prize in economics, is known for his
research on market equilibrium incorporated “new analytical methods into
economic theory”.
Dr. Max Delbrueck : American doctor, was one of the three American co –
winners of the Nobel Prize for Medicine, 1969 for discoveries in molecular
genetics.
Dr. Gerald Maurice Edelman of USA is co – winner of the Nobel Prize for
Medicine, 1972 found out “the chemical structure of blood-proteins or antibodies
which shield the human body against infection”.
Thomas Alva Edison : American inventor of phonograph, the incandescent
lamp, a new type of storage battery, an early form of cinematography etc. He
lived between 1847 and 1931.
Prof. Albert Einstein : German-Swiss, famous scientist known for his theory of
relativity. He lived between 1879 and 1955.
Michael Faraday : English scientist; prominent in the field of electro –
magnetism; discovered the laws of electrolysis. He lived between 1791 and 1867.

Sir John Ambrose Fleming : British physicist and engineer pioneer in the
development of the telephone, electric light and radio. He lived between 1849
and 1945.
Fraunhofer : German physicist researched on ‘Light’ while performing spectrum
– analysis of Sunlight; discovered ‘Fraunhofer Lines’.
Sigmund Freud : Psycho – analysist. Works: The Interpretation of Dreams; The
Psychopathology of Every-day Life; The Ego and the Id; Civilization and Its
Discontents. He lived between 1856 and 1939.
Dr Dennis Gabor (1971) : Nobel Prize award for Physics for his “invention in
development of the holographic method” – three dimensional photography.
Galileo : Italian scientist viewed that all falling bodies, great or small, descend
with equal velocity, invented telescope and became the first man to see the
satellites of Jupiter. He lived between 1564 and 1642.
Prof. Murray Gell – Mann : Recipient of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics, for his
“classification of elementary particles and their interactions”.
Robert H Goddard : An American pioneer of space research who mentioned the
possibility of shooting a rocket to the moon in a paper entitled “A Method of
Reaching Extreme Altitudes” published by him in 1919.
Thomas Graham : Scottish chemist called the “father of colloidal chemistry”. He
worked on diffusion of substances in solution. He lived between 1805 and 1914.
Otto Hahn : German pioneer of nuclear research, won the Nobel Prize for
Chemistry in 1944, proved in 1938 that atomic fission can be achieved by
bombarding uranium with neutrons.
Charles Martin Hall : American chemist discovered the modern method of
extraction of aluminium by electrolysis of bauxite in 1886. He lived between 1863
and 1914.
William Harvey : English physician who discovered the circulation of blood. He
lived between 1578 and 1675.
Dr.Gebard Herzberg : The 1971 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, for his
researches in atomic and molecular structures, particularly free radicals.

Robert Holley : Nobel Prize winner for Medicine, 1968, the genetic code and its
function in building protein led to the discovery of “the complete structure of a
transfer of RNA molecule”.
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins : English biochemist worked on proteins and
vitamins. He received the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1929 for the discovery of
Vitamin D.
Fred Hoyle : A British scientist and science-fiction writer who won the 1,000
Kalinga Prize in 1968.
Edward Jenner : English physician discovered the vaccination system of
alleviating small pox. He lived between 1749 and 1823.
Dr. Brian Josephson : British scientist who co – shared the 1973 Nobel Prize for
physics for his “theoretical predictions of the properties of a super-current
through a tunnel barrier, known as Josephson effects”.
James Prescott Joule : English physicist who first demonstrated the mechanical
energy can be converted into heat. He lived between 1874 and 1937.
Johannes Kepler : German astronomer discovered 3 laws of planetary motion.
1. The orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci.
2. The Radius vector of each planet describes equal areas in equal times.
3. The squares of the periods of the planets are proportional to the cubes of
their mean distances from the Sun. He lived between 1571 and 1630.
Hargobind Khorana : who shared with two other the 1968 Nobel Prize for
Medicine is an Indian by birth and an American by domicile. He deciphered the
genetic code and later created an artificial gene.
Dr. K.S. Krishnan : (born 1898) collaborated with Sir C.V.Raman in the discovery
of “Raman Effect”. President, Indian Science Congress, 1949, delegate to several
international scientific conferences; Director, National Physical Laboratory, New
Delhi.
A.L. Lavoisier : French chemist; established “law of Indestructibility of Matter,
Composition of Water and Air”. He lived between 1743 and 1794.
Joseph Lister : British surgeon who used antiseptic treatment for wounds;
introduced antiseptic surgery. He lived between 1827 and 1912.

Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge : British physicist, known for his researches on
radiation, and the relation between matter and ether. He lived between 1851 and
1940.
Lysenko : Soviet geneticist declared the “Mendelian theory obsolete and
erroneous” in 1948.
Marconi : Italian scientist pioneer in wireless telegraphy and radio. He lived
between 1873 and 1937.
Barbara McClintock : 1983 Nobel Prize winner in Medicine for her discovery of
mobile genetic.
Max Planck : German theoretical physicist who formulated the quantum theory.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1918.
Johann Gregory Mendel : Austrian monk and naturalist discovered certain
principles of inheritance of heredity. He lived between 1822 and 1884.
D.I. Mendeleef : Russian chemist, founder of periodic law and the development
of petroleum and other industries in Russia. He lived between 1834 and 1901.
Victor Meyer : Discovered a method to determine the molecular weights of
volatile substances. He lived between 1848 and 1897.
Edward William Morley : American chemist and physicist known for his work
in determining the composition of water by weight. He lived in 1818 and 1923.
Henry G Moseley : British physicist worked on atomic structure, and in 1913,
devised the series of atomic numbers. He lived between 1887 and 1915.
Sir Isaac Newton : British natural philosopher discovered “binomial theorem,
the differential and integral calculus and the universal law of gravitation”. He
lived between 1642 and 1727.
Dr. Marshall Nirenberg : U.S. molecular biologist 1968 Nobel Prize winner for
Medicine with Dr. Robert Holley and Dr. Hargobind Khorana.
George Simon Ohm : Physicist and mathematician; discovered the law known
as Ohm’s Law. He lived between 1787 and 1854.
Lars Onsager : U.S. Professor who became a Nobel laureate of 1968 for
Chemistry the discovery of “the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are
fundamental for the thermo – dynamics of irreversible processes”.

Paraceisus : Swiss mystic and chemist, he was the first to employ laudanum and
antimony in Pharmacy. He lived between 1493 and 1541.
Louis Pasteur : French chemist discovered the causes of fermentation in alcohol
and milk and founded the Pasteur Institute in 1888. He lived between 1822 and
1895.
Linus Pauling : American bio – chemist applied the quantum theory to
chemistry received Nobel Prize (1954) for his contribution to the electrochemical
theory of valency.
Dr. Rodney Robert Porter : Biochemist known for his discoveries relating to the
chemical structure of antibodies.
Vladimir Prelog : Yugoslavian stereo – chemistry – research of organic molecules
and reactions. He received (1975) Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Joseph Priestley : British Chemist; discovered oxygen and methods of collecting
gases. He lived between 1733 and 1804.
Prof. U.Ramachandra Rao : Is the Director of Indian Scientific Satellite Project
(ISSP) at Peenya near Bangalore.
James Rainwater : U.S.A. (1975) Nobel Prize winner in Physics for the
development of the theory that atomic nucleus is not always spherical bet can
also be egg – shaped which has no immediate practical meaning but is extremely
essential to scientists.
T.W. Richards : He worked for the accurate determination of atomic weights and
was awarded Nobel Prize in 1916.
Roger Bacon : Inventor of Gun Powder and founder of experimental science. He
lived between 1214 and 1294.
W.Konrad Rontgen : German physicist, discovered X – rays, or Rontgen rays for
which he was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901. He lived
between 1845 and 1923.
Ronald Ross : British physician discovered the cause of Malaria; awarded Nobel
Prize for medicine in 1902. He lived between 1857 and 1932.
Daniel Rutherford : Scottish scientist discovered nitrogen. He lived between
1749 and 1819.

Lord Rutherford : Won a Nobel Prize for his work on structure of atom and
radio-activity. He lived between 1871 and 1937.
VITAMINS
The Vitamins are necessary auxiliaries in metabolism. They combine with
specific proteins, as parts of various oxidative enzyme systems which are
concerned with the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat in the body.
Thus, they are intimately involved in the mechanism which releases energy,
carbon dioxide and water as the end products of metabolism.
Vitamins can be broadly divided into Fat Soluble and Water Soluble Vitamins.
Vitamins A D E and K are fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins B ( B1 B2 B6 B12 )
and are water-soluble.
Vitamin - A
Year 1913
Main Metabolic
Function
Deficiency -
Effects
Available
Retinol
Nature Fat-Soluble
Year 1936
Essential for normal growth and development.
For normal function of epithelical cells and normal development of
teeth and bones.
Prevents Night blindness.
Retarded growth.
Reduced resistance to infection.
Abnormal function of gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts due to
altered epithelial membranes.
Interferes with production of "night purple".
Milk, Egg yolk, Ghee, Butter, Carrots, Tomatoes, Leafy and Yellow
vegetables, Cod liver oil and Fresh fruits.
Thiamin
Main Metabolic An important aid in carbohydrate metabolism.

Function Needed for Proper functioning of the digestive tract and nervous
system.
Beriberi.
Loss of muscle.
Deficiency -
Effects
Loss of appetite.
Impaired digestion of starches and sugars.
Various nervous disorder coordination.
Available Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature Water-Soluble
Vitamin - B2
Year 1935
Main Metabolic
Function
Deficiency -
Effects
Riboflavin
Needed in formation of certain enzymes and in cellular oxidation.
Prevents inflammation of oral mucous membranes and the tongue.
Impaired growth, lassitude and weakness.
Causes cheillosis or glossittis.
May result in Photophobia and cataracts.
Available Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature Water-Soluble
Vitamin - B6
Year 1934
Main Metabolic
Function
Deficiency -
Effects
Pyridoxine
Acts as do other B vitamins.
To break down protein, carbohydrate and fat.
Acts as a catalyst in the formation of niacin from tryptophan.
Increased irritability, convulsions and peripheral neuritis.
Anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
Available Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature Water-Soluble

Vitamin - B12
Year 1948
Main Metabolic
Function
Deficiency -
Effects
Cyanocobalamin
Essential for development of red blood cells.
Required for maintenance of skin, nerve tissues, bone and muscles.
Results in pernicious anaemia.
Weakness, fatigue, sore and cracked lips.
Available Peas, Beans and Cereals.
Nature Water-Soluble
Vitamin - C
Year 1919
Main Metabolic
Function
Deficiency -
Effects
Available
Ascorbic Acid
Nature Water-Soluble
Year 1925
Main Metabolic
Function
Deficiency -
Effects
Needed for form the cementing substance, collagen, in various
tissues (skin, dentine, cartilage and bone matrix).
Assists in woundhealing and bone fractures.
Lowered resistance to infections.
Susceptibility to dental cavities, pyotthea and bleeding gums.
Delayed wound healing.
Specific treatment for Scurvy.
Fresh vegetables, Lemon, Orange, Tomatoes, Cabbage , Turnip and
Lettuce (Beetroot).
Cholecalciferol
Requlates absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestinal
tract.
Affords antiachitic activity.
Interferes with utilisation of calcium and phosphorus in bone and
teeth formation.
Development of bone disease, rickets and caries.
Available Butter, Milk, Ghee, Cod liver oil, Yolk of Eggs and also in Sunrays.

Nature Fat-Soluble
Vitamin - E
Year 1936
Main Metabolic
Function
Deficiency -
Effects
Tocopherols
Protects tissues, cell membranes and Vitamin A against
peroxidation.
Helps strengthen red blood cells.
Decreased red blood cell resistance to rupture.
Available Germinating Wheat.
Nature Fat-Soluble
Vitamin - K
Year 1935
Main Metabolic
Function
Deficiency -
Effects
Phytomenadione
Essential for formation of normal amounts of prothrombin and
blood coagulation.
diminished blood clotting time.
Increased incidence of hemorrhages.
Available Fish, Wheat and Oats.
Nature Fat-Soluble