อนุกรมวิธานของปลา
อนุกรมวิธานของปลา
อนุกรมวิธานของปลา
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<strong>อนุกรมวิธานของปลา</strong><br />
หลักการของอนุกรมวิธาน<br />
<strong>อนุกรมวิธานของปลา</strong>กระดูกออน<br />
<strong>อนุกรมวิธานของปลา</strong>กระดูกแข็ง
<strong>อนุกรมวิธานของปลา</strong><br />
Taxonomy = การศึกษาเกี่ยวกับชนิด<br />
(kinds) ของสิ่งมีชีวิต<br />
การเก็บรวบรวม การรักษา และการวิเคราะหตัวอยาง การตีพิมพขอ<br />
มูลที่ไดศึกษาจากเอกสาร<br />
ตลอดจนการวิเคราะหความแตกตางที่<br />
ศึกษาจากตัวอยาง<br />
– tassein (Greek) = to arrange<br />
– nomain = deal out<br />
• Classification, Paleospecies, living species,<br />
phylogeny, nomenclature, taxa (taxon),<br />
hierhachy
อนุกรมวิธาน-Taxonomy<br />
อนุกรมวิธาน Taxonomy<br />
Organism classified/identified in following Hierachies<br />
:<br />
Kingdom<br />
Phylum<br />
Class<br />
Order<br />
Family<br />
• genus genera<br />
• species
<strong>อนุกรมวิธานของปลา</strong><br />
Binomial Nomenclature<br />
genus…..species+…=Taxon/Taxa<br />
Scientific Name = SN<br />
Clarias macrocephalus (Günther)<br />
Puntius gonionotus Linn.<br />
Temera hardwickii Gray, 1831
R.E. Blackwelder (1967)<br />
Kingdom<br />
Subkingdom<br />
Phylum<br />
Subphylum<br />
Superclass<br />
Class<br />
Subclass<br />
Superorder<br />
Order<br />
Suborder<br />
Infraorder<br />
Superfamily<br />
Family<br />
Subfamily<br />
Tribe<br />
Subtribe<br />
Genus<br />
Subgenus<br />
(Species)
L.Berg (1940)<br />
Phylum<br />
Subphylum<br />
Superclass<br />
Class<br />
Subclass<br />
Order<br />
Family<br />
Subfamily<br />
GenusSpecies
A CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES (Nelson, 1994)<br />
SUPERCLASS Agnatha: Jawless vertebrates (all are fish)<br />
CLASS Cephalaspidomorpha : Lamprey+ext.species<br />
CLASS Myxini: hagfishes<br />
SUPERCLASS Gnathostomata: Vertebrates with jaws<br />
GRADE Placodermiomorphi- ext. armoured jawed fishes<br />
GRADE Chondricthiomorphi - cartilagenous fish<br />
CLASS Chondrichthyes – sharks+rays+ratfish<br />
GRADE Teleostomi: ext+living bony fishes<br />
CLASS Actinopterygii: ray-finned fishes-2subclasses + 1 division<br />
DIVISION Teleostei: adv neopterygians. –present bony fishes<br />
CLASS Sarcopterygii: fleshy-finned fishes and tetrapods.<br />
3 fish SUBCLASS +1Tetrapod Subclass
<strong>อนุกรมวิธานของปลา</strong><br />
Fish Classification :<br />
Berg (1940)<br />
Nelson (1976) <br />
Nelson (1994)
Requirements for… for<br />
Fish Taxonomy<br />
• Fish Anatomy: general & special technical<br />
ter ms<br />
• measurements<br />
• meristic character counting method<br />
• reliable Keys for Identification<br />
• FISH TAXONOMIST
Keys for Fish Identification<br />
•ไมปรากฏชื่อผูเรียบเรียง.<br />
2523. คูมือวิเคราะหพรรณปลา.<br />
คณะประมง มหาวิทยาลัย<br />
• เกษตรศาสตร กรุงเทพฯ. 286 หนา.<br />
•Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (eds.) 1999. The Living Marine Resources of the<br />
• Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Indentification Guide for Fisheries<br />
• Purposes. FAO, Rome.<br />
•Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fish of the World (3rd , ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,<br />
• New York. 600 pp.<br />
•Smith, H.M. 1945. The Freshwater Fishes of Siam or Thailand. United State<br />
• Government Printing Office, Washington. 622 pp.<br />
•Van der Elst, R. 1988. A Guide to the Common Sea Fishes of Southern Africa<br />
• (2nd ed.). Struik Publisher, Cape Town. 398 pp.
Keys:
meristic characters<br />
Numbers of Scales-Rows<br />
Numbers of Finrays<br />
Numbers of Vertebrae<br />
Numbers of Teeth/Rows
Scale Rows<br />
หมูสีหนายาว<br />
no. of scale rows on cheek<br />
Lateral line scales<br />
scales below lateral lin
Numbers of Finrays<br />
D<br />
D1<br />
D2<br />
P1<br />
P2<br />
A<br />
ขาวเมาน้ําลึก<br />
(สมจิตร)<br />
D. XI, 13
Vertebrae & Teeth<br />
• Number of vertebrae<br />
• Numbers of rows, patch
measurement of fish<br />
ตาหวาน<br />
HL<br />
standard lenght<br />
total length-TL<br />
FL
Classification of Fishes<br />
Phylum Chordata<br />
Subphylum Vertebrata<br />
Superclass Agnatha<br />
Superclass gnathostomata<br />
Grade Chondrichthiomorpha<br />
Grade Teleostomi
Chondrichthiomorpha<br />
Nelson (1994)<br />
Class Chondrichthyes<br />
Class Sarcopterygii (Crossopterygii-old)
Fishes<br />
in Thai Waters<br />
Class Chondrichthyes<br />
Class Sarcopterygii
Class Chondrichthyes<br />
Subclass Elasm obranchii:<br />
Sharks/Rays<br />
• Skeleton- cartilage<br />
• Finrays - Ceratotrichia<br />
• Scaless OR placoid scale<br />
• w/o operculum<br />
• w/o lung, gas bladder<br />
• w cloaca, male w. clasper
Subclass Elasmobranchii<br />
superorder EUSELACHII<br />
• Sharks :- ชองเปดเหงือกอยูดานขาง<br />
(lateral)<br />
• - ครีบอกไมเชื่อมรวมกับสวนหัวเปนแผน<br />
• - สวนหนาของ pectoral girdle ไมติดกัน<br />
•Rays : - ชองเปดเหงือกอยูดานลาง<br />
(ventral)<br />
• - ครีบอกเชื่อมรวมกับสวนหัวเปนแผน<br />
- สวนหนาของ pectoral girdle ติดกัน
Shark VS Ray
Joint at pectoral girdle<br />
• Wait for a new picture
Class Chondrichthyes<br />
Subclass Elasmobranchii<br />
• Orectolobiformes - nurse sharks, cat shark<br />
• Carchariniformes - requiem sharks<br />
• Pristiophoriformes - saw sharks<br />
• Rajiformes -rays
CARTILAGENOUS FISHES<br />
SUBCLASS ELASMOBRANCHII<br />
A. Superorder SELACHII (sharks)<br />
B. Superorder BATOIDEA (rays)
Classification of Sharks/Rays<br />
SUBCLASS ELASMOBRANCHII<br />
• Order 1 Heterodontiformes<br />
• Order 2 Orectolobiformes<br />
• Order 3.Carchariniformes<br />
• Order 4 Lamniformes<br />
• Order 5 Hexanchiformes<br />
• Order 6 Squaliformes<br />
• Order 7 Squatiniformes<br />
• Order 8 Pristioriformes<br />
• Order 9 Rajiformes-
Orectolobiformes –carpet carpet shark<br />
nurse/cat shark<br />
Zebra shark<br />
Whale shark
order Orectolobiformes<br />
• 2 dorsal fins w/o spine<br />
• mouth very short, confined to being well in<br />
front of eyes<br />
• nostrils with prominent nasoral groove,<br />
most w. barbels<br />
• spiracle small to large below eye, except<br />
whale shark<br />
• 5 th gill slit over 4th
order Orectolobiformes<br />
• a picture from<br />
carpenter<br />
Chiloscylium griseum
Families in<br />
order Orectolobiformes<br />
• Hemiscyllidae – bamboo shark<br />
Chiloscyllium,<br />
Chiloscyllium,<br />
Hemiscyllium 11 species<br />
• Stegostomatidae – zebra shark<br />
Stegostoma fasciatum* fasciatum<br />
• Rhicodontidae(Rhiniodotidae<br />
Rhicodontidae Rhiniodotidae)- whale<br />
shark Rhineodon typus*<br />
typus
Rhicodontidae<br />
Rhineodon typus*<br />
typus
Hemiscyllidae<br />
longtail carpet shark<br />
• Short nasal barbels<br />
• Large spiracle<br />
• Anal fin low and rounded<br />
• Max. Max.<br />
length 1 m.<br />
Chiloscyllium spp. spp<br />
Hemiscyllium spp.<br />
spp<br />
• 2 genera 11 species : Chiloscyllium
Chiloscyllium spp. spp<br />
Hemiscyllium spp. spp<br />
• Nostril subterminal on snout, snout,<br />
eyes&supraorbtal<br />
eyes&supraorbtal<br />
ridge hardly elevated,<br />
preoral snout long…p long p 1250<br />
C&N…………………………<br />
C&N………………………….Chiloscyllium<br />
Chiloscyllium<br />
• Nostril terminal on snout,<br />
eyes&supraorbtal<br />
eyes&supraorbtal<br />
ridge prominently<br />
elevated, preoral snout<br />
short…………………………<br />
short…………………………<br />
Hemiscyllium
Chiloscyllium spp. spp<br />
C. griseum
C. plagiosum
Hemiscyllium spp. spp<br />
H. strahani
Hemiscyllium strahani
order Carchariniformes<br />
ground sharks, reqiuem sharks<br />
• most w. w.<br />
2 dorsal fins w/o w o spine<br />
• w. . anal fin<br />
• 5 gill slits, the last three over pectoral fin<br />
• gill raker absent<br />
• eye w. w.<br />
3 eyelid<br />
• spiracle present or absent<br />
• w. . intestinal scroll or spiral valves
5 gill slits, the last three over<br />
pectoral fin<br />
gill raker absent
Tiger shark
White shark / man eating shark
intestinal scroll or spiral valves
Families in<br />
Order Carchariniformes<br />
• Scyloirhinidae- cat shark<br />
• Carcharinidae - requiem shark
Scyliorhinidae- cat shark<br />
Atelomycterus marmoratus
Carcharinidae<br />
• dorsal fin margin undulated<br />
• precaudal pit present<br />
• spiracle usually absent<br />
• w. 3rd eyelids<br />
• w. intestinal scroll valve<br />
• max. 7.4 m<br />
• 13 genera including hammerhead sharks
Tiger shark
13 genera of requiem sharks :<br />
• Carcharinus …………… D2=2/5 height D1<br />
• Galeocerdo cuvieri*……very long labial furrow<br />
• Rhizoprionodon ………...no eye notch<br />
• Loxodon …………………w. posterior eye notch<br />
• Scoliodon………………..head greatly depressed,<br />
P1 broadly angular, D2 smaller than D1<br />
• Sphyrna ..………………w. occulonarial expansion
Carcharinus spp.<br />
• C. dussumieri C. dussumieri ฉลามหนู
C. spallazini<br />
C. spallazini ฉลามหูดํา
C. sealei ฉลามหนู<br />
• C. sealei
Galeocerdo cuvieri* ฉลามเสือ TigerShark
Rhizoprionodon sp.<br />
• Waitning for picture fr Lab
RAJIFORMES - rays & skates<br />
RAJIFORMES<br />
• more or less depressed<br />
• ventral gill slits<br />
• P1 enlarged and fused to sides of head, formed<br />
a wedge, circular, oval or rhomboid disc<br />
• well developed spiracle<br />
• tail and caudal well developed in some rays<br />
• many w. 2 dorsal fins w/o spine<br />
• Anal fin usually absent<br />
• more or less covered by dermal denticles,<br />
many with buckler
Rays
dermal denticle and buckler
Phylogeny of Rays & Skates<br />
• transparency
Classification in Order<br />
Rajiformes<br />
• Suborder Pristoidei – saw shark<br />
• Suborder Torpedinoidei – electric ray<br />
• Suborder Rajoidei - rays & guitar fish<br />
• Suborder Myliobatoidei – sting ray, manta
Suborder Rajoidei - rays & guitar fish<br />
superFamily Rhinobatoidea – guitar fish<br />
Family Rhinidae - โรนิน<br />
Family Rhinobatidae – โรนัน<br />
superFamily Rajoidea – skates
โรนิน Rhina ancyclostoma<br />
โรนัน Rhinobatus djiddensis
Family Rhinobatidae – โรนัน<br />
โรนัน Rhinobatus djiddensis.....
Suborder Myliobatoidei<br />
stingrays, butterfly rays, eagle-devil rays<br />
• 6 families<br />
• 23 genera<br />
• 158 species
Suborder Myliobatoidei -<br />
classification<br />
• Family Dasyatidae/Trygonidae -<br />
stingrays<br />
• Family Gymnuridae – butterfly rays<br />
• Family Myliobatidae – eagle rays,<br />
manta&devil rays
Family Dasyatidae/Trygonidae<br />
Dasyatis imbricatus<br />
Dasyatis kuhlii<br />
Himantura urnak<br />
Himantura undulata
Family Gymnuridae<br />
butterfly rays<br />
• Disc broad and laterally expanded,<br />
rhomboidal, at least 1.6 times as wide as<br />
long
Family Myliobatidae<br />
– eagle rays, cow-nose ray<br />
Aetobatus narinari eagle ray<br />
Rhinoptera spp. cow-nose ray
Class Sarcopterygii<br />
(Crossopterygii<br />
Crossopterygii-old old)<br />
• Subclass Coelacanthiformes<br />
• Subclass Porolepimorpha+Dipnoi (unnamed)<br />
• Subclass Tetrapoda<br />
• Subclass Chodrostei<br />
• Subclass Neopterygii
Subclass Neopterygii<br />
• Living teleosts..
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