- Page 4: Ecology of Phytoplankton Phytoplank
- Page 8: The Ecology of Phytoplankton C. S.
- Page 12: This book is dedicated to my wife,
- Page 18: viii CONTENTS 4.4 Nitrogen: require
- Page 24: Preface This is the third book I ha
- Page 28: FRS for the opportunity to work on
- Page 32: Chapter 1 Phytoplankton 1.1 Definit
- Page 36: photosynthetic primary producers, p
- Page 40: THE DIVERSIFICATION OF PHYTOPLANKTO
- Page 44: Table 1.1 (cont.) THE DIVERSIFICATI
- Page 48: Table 1.1 (cont.) THE DIVERSIFICATI
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terms ofindividuals, the most abund
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supposed to indicate low nutrient s
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1.4 General features of phytoplankt
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neutral buoyancy would provide the
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1.4.1 Size and shape Apart from the
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Table 1.2 (cont.) GENERAL FEATURES
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s/v entered in Table 1.2BandCshowse
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THE CONSTRUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF
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THE CONSTRUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF
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THE CONSTRUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF
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THE CONSTRUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF
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THE CONSTRUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF
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Table 1.7 Some cell measurements of
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(who invented the name ‘plankton
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Table 2.1 Comparison of the physica
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slippage of another across it, for
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Figure 2.3 The currents at the surf
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Figure 2.5 The generation of turbul
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those driven by surface wind stress
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is that the individual organisms ar
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constant increases sinking velocity
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phytoplankton and the role of form
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density (∼1005 kg m −3 )would s
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ADAPTIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISM
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etween their assembly and their col
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ADAPTIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISM
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Figure 2.12 Plot of sinking rates (
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Figure 2.14 Plot of sinking rates o
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they create a local change in the m
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matters to sinking particles is the
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left the same layer had it been unm
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The effect of wind is to distribute
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Figure 2.19 Depth, H, plotted again
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stratified enclosure during relativ
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Moreover, the biological differenti
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thermal stratification (usually in
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may result in discontinuous vertica
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generation time (Reynolds, 1986b).
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Figure 2.28 Whole-lake ‘conveyor
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the most probable cases having a cr
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is damped and dissipated through a
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Chapter 3 Photosynthesis and carbon
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ibulose 1,5-biphosphate (RuBP) reac
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are rather loosely dispersed throug
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the carbon fixed. To evaluate these
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plankters in their natural environm
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The decline in biomass-specific P b
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product Pmax × (the depth from the
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Figure 3.6 Mean saturated chlorophy
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time courses of insolation, measure
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Figure 3.10 The absorption of visib
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Figure 3.12 Carbon-specific area of
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which project perhaps 10-30 m 2 (mo
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LIGHT-DEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL SENSI
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photosynthesis is possible (hp), th
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Figure 3.16 Growth-rate responses o
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and larger, buoyancy-regulating Cya
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Figure 3.17 The pH-carbon dioxide-c
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may be equally diminished on a rela
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nitrogen and phosphorus in particul
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CAPACITY, ACHIEVEMENT AND FATE OF P
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CAPACITY, ACHIEVEMENT AND FATE OF P
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CAPACITY, ACHIEVEMENT AND FATE OF P
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CAPACITY, ACHIEVEMENT AND FATE OF P
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CAPACITY, ACHIEVEMENT AND FATE OF P
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CAPACITY, ACHIEVEMENT AND FATE OF P
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substrates, even though they turn o
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Chapter 4 Nutrient uptake and assim
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Here, the movement of solutes are s
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Figure 4.3 Basic structure of a rec
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deployment and growth. At low but s
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as fluorapatite and hydroxylapatite
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developed, the understanding of pho
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PHOSPHORUS 157 Table 4.2 Some speci
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of the cells. According to the expe
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Figure 4.6 (a) Observed maximum chl
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Vibrio, first reducing nitrate to n
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intracellular anaerobic conditions
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or participate in its function. Som
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incidental confirmation of the proc
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independent of an external supply.
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In the context of sulphur biogeoche
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45% of the mass of siliceous debris
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In parts of the Atlantic and Indian
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of 2(ln2= 0.693) and its relation t
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Assembling the growing cell has bee
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measured rates of change in numbers
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Figure 5.2 Maximum growth and repli
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Figure 5.3 Temperature dependence o
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(0.151 × 0.63 × 10 −12 =) 0.095
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Figure 5.4 Light dependence of grow
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are located so relatively deep in t
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could be true at MRP concentrations
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through observation and experiment.
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in physiological variability in N :
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Figure 5.7 Initial increase in cell
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REPLICATION RATES UNDER SUB-IDEAL C
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systems), a few days (polymictic an
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actual depth through which growth-s
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There are probably sufficient data
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of their ecologies. The C-S gap is
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(Section 6.3). Representative gener
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No physical change occurs (they do
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increase the probability of surviva
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GROWTH OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN NATURAL
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GROWTH OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN NATURAL
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the year. The narrowness of the 95%
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Figure 5.14 Reynolds’ (1997b) pro
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Figure 5.15 Approximations of the d
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terrestrial replenishment (Fig. 5.1
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the water was clear and the ratio o
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y colonial Chlorophyceae (CS strate
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do different things. These may be i
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(and are sometimes well within) the
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Chapter 6 Mortality and loss proces
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at t, then, at t2, weshould have: N
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y filter-feeding zooplankton and (s
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non-saline inland waters (ρw) is l
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Figure 6.3 Net increase and attriti
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6.3.3 Accumulation and resuspension
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and ecology of particular zooplankt
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Table 6.1 (cont.) CONSUMPTION BY HE
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Table 6.1 (cont.) CONSUMPTION BY HE
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Table 6.1 (cont.) CONSUMPTION BY HE
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and where feeding relies mainly on
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Holopedidae are represented by a si
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2003). Equally, the growth of micro
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Quantitatively, the best studied of
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Possibly the most pertinent deducti
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Thompson et al. (1982) found that t
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Box 6.1 On the sticky question of m
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CONSUMPTION BY HERBIVORES 273 quick
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d = 26 µm). These increases were n
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CONSUMPTION BY HERBIVORES 277 Table
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carnivorous in the later copepodite
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CONSUMPTION BY HERBIVORES 281 Box 6
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CONSUMPTION BY HERBIVORES 283 Some
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CONSUMPTION BY HERBIVORES 285 Table
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although the authors noted that nei
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native species and a greater variet
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Food-chain length The examples give
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The most conspicuous fungal parasit
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presumably, to facilitate transfer
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are probably exaggerated. However,
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prevents it from increasing at all
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esource that is available to direct
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SPECIES COMPOSITION AND TEMPORAL CH
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Even the permanent pycnocline, loca
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of the Kuroshio Current (roughly, f
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The Coriolis forces acting on the f
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though this is under way at least a
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eutrophication from its main influe
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Figure 7.3 The ‘intaglio’ (of S
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to the Prochlorococcus-dominated am
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phytosociologists to diagnose plant
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Table 7.1 (cont.) SPECIES COMPOSITI
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over fixed carbon to the microbial
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calmer conditions, the Cyanobacteri
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et al., 1997). Originally identifie
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SPECIES COMPOSITION AND TEMPORAL CH
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SPECIES COMPOSITION AND TEMPORAL CH
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All these lakes can support signifi
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its dynamics coincide sufficiently
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and Black Sea watersheds in that co
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(C/D/Y → X1/X2/Y/E → H1/F → L
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of the intensification of the therm
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On this basis, some ‘large lakes
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Finally, many shallow, hypertrophic
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Table 7.6 Sensitivities to habitat
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Figure 7.8 (a) Habitat template for
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matter, cohabitant microbes, zoopla
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point that needs to be emphasised i
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over a12-year period, Venrick (1990
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adiation (Qs) as heat (units, W m
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an attendant increase in transparen
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Table 7.7 Attributes of early and m
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Figure 7.14 Idealised environments,
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intense is the competition for the
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Figure 7.17 Periodicity of dominant
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against Hardin’s (1960) principle
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various states of ecological disequ
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weather conditions (hurricanes, flo
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in Connell’s (1978) hypothesis an
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duration and the physiological resi
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Figure 7.24 Annual mean Shannon div
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the 100 or so commonly encountered
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independently of which species had
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similarity of seasonal pattern amon
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Chapter 8 Phytoplankton ecology and
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is suggested to be 5-80 mg C m −3
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the turnover of carbon than nutrien
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the order 1-10 g Cm −2 . Larger c
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/ / Processing fluxes Figure 8.2 Lo
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Figure 8.4 Sketch to show several a
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systems in general. Reynolds and Da
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Table 8.1 Proposed criteria for cla
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et al., 1964). The work was continu
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generate a toxic dose in 28 L of la
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implicit confidence in the techniqu
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Figure 8.7 Stages in the recovery o
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stage 1 to a P-led biomass reductio
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through their physical penetration
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supportable concentration is closer
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efficient traits (discussion in Sec
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associated with a strong presence o
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epiphytic and some planktic algae t
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state has become too firmly establi
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phytoplankton, tolerance of natural
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eplacement by ‘sea urchin barrens
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Starting with what we know, the glo
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carbon-exporting elements of the pe
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state, a low, stable, average bioma
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50% of the area is
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Glossary Text boxes are used to exp
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eflection, absorption or consumptio
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L litre, a customary unit of volume
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Rib bulk Richardson number, being t
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z(0.5I k) depth beneath the water s
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References Abeliovich, A. and Shilo
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Productivity, ed. P. J. leB. Willia
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Bowen, C. C. and Jensen, T. E. (196
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(1980). Some general observations o
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shallow lake, with special referenc
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Sensing, ed.F.M. Danson and S. E. P
- Page 948:
Algal Blooms, ed.D. M. Anderson, A.
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(2002). Global dispersal of free-li
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(2002). Regional scale influences o
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northern pike, aquatic vegetation a
- Page 964:
Heaney, S. I., Canter, H. M. and Lu
- Page 968:
Huisman, J. and Sommeijer, B. (2002
- Page 972:
on growth and sinking rate of two p
- Page 976:
Kierstead, H. and Slobodkin, L. B.
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y various predators. Microbial Ecol
- Page 984:
Levich, A. P. (1996). The role of n
- Page 988:
Lund, J. W. G., Kipling, C. and Le
- Page 992:
(1987). Trophic dynamics and develo
- Page 996:
organisms in a hypereutrophic pond.
- Page 1000:
Owens, O. van H. and Esaias, W. (19
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(1999). Spatial structure of pelagi
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composition of plankton. In The Jam
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(2000a). Phytoplankton designer or
- Page 1016:
Richey, J. E., Melack, J. M. Aufdem
- Page 1020:
Sarmiento, J. L. and Wofsy, S. C. (
- Page 1024:
Sirenko, L. A., Stetsenko, N. M., A
- Page 1028:
Spencer, M. and Warren, P. H. (1996
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(1957a). Diurnal changes of stratif
- Page 1036:
growth rate of Microcystis (Cyanoba
- Page 1040:
Walsby, A. E., Utkilen, H. C. and J
- Page 1044:
Microcystis aeruginosa hyperscums f
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Lowes Water, UK 54 ◦ 34 ′ N, 3
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Index to genera and species of phyt
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Chromulina (Chrysophyta CHROMULINAL
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Glaucocystis (Glaucophyta) F6 Table
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Peridinium gatunense Nygaard F, LO
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Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenb. F, B
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Daphnia galeata 221, 261, 266, 266
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Tropocyclops Crustacea, Cyclopoidea
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own tides, 407 bryophytes, 11 bryoz
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‘swimming’ velocities, 68; vita
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keystone species, 382, 394, 427 kin
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particulate organic matter (POM), 3
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quantum yield of photosynthesis, 98
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vertical migration of phytoplankton