Distinguishing the species - CIMMYT

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Enanismo de Narino This is the name given to a cereal dwarfing virus that occurs in highland areas of Colombia and Ecuador. The disease is associated with the leafhopper Cicadu/ina pastusae (Figure 232). Serious losses have occurred in wheat, oats and barley in some areas. Diseased seedlings are severely stunted. Plants infected after elongation develop leaf enations or galls on the new leaves (Figure 233). It is suspected that a toxin produced by the leafhopper C. pastusae is responsible for the gall formation . Aster yellows Aster yellows is a minor disease of wheat, barley and some other Gramineae, but may cause serious economic losses to vegetable and ornamental crops. It occurs in many areas of North America, Europe and Asia. Leafhoppers of the Macroste/es (Figure 234) and Endria genera are the most common vectors. The pathogen is now classified as a mycoplasma, although the disease symptoms and transmission are similar to those associated with some viral diseases. Diseased plants develop general chlorosis and yellowing of the leaves, stunting and sterile spikes (Figures 235, 236). The symptoms on cereal crops are qu ite similar to those caused by BYDV. Figure 233. Leaf enations and d istortions symptomatic of enanismo de narino Figure 232. A leafhopper nymph of the genus Cicadulina Figure 234. The leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons, a (50 x). common vector of aster yellows. (photo : E. Banttari). 114
Figure 235. General chlorosis and yellowing are symptoms typical of aster yellows (photo: E. Banttari). Figure 236. Barley spikes affected by aster yellows (center and right). Note the steril ity and the chlorotic, distorted appearance (photo: Dr. Banttari). 115
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Partial funding for this publicatio
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Preface Dr. Frank Zillinsky came to
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49 Smuts and bunts 51 Loose and cov
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118 Mite-transmitted 118 Wheat stre
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Fungi that are pathogenic on cereal
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The rusts Puccinia species The rust
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Stent rust Pucc;n;a gram;n;s Stem r
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Leaf rust of wheat Puccinia recondi
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Stripe rust Puccinia striiformis St
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Hyperparasite of rust Oarluca filum
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Heiminthosporium tritici-repentis (
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Spot blotch He/minthosporium sativu
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Yellow leaf blotch (tan spot) He/mi
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Leaf blotch of oats He/minthosporiu
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Barley Stripe Helminthosporium gram
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Zonate Eyespot He/minthosporium gig
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Cereal leaf blotch and foot rot Hel
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Conidia of S. nodorum (10 x 40) Con
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Speckled leaf blotch Septaria triti
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Glunte blotch Septoria nodorum * Gl
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Septoria leaf blotch of oats, wheat
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Septoria leaf blotch of barley Sept
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Phaeoseptoria leaf blotch Phaeosept
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Til/etia species (common and dwarf
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than those of healthy plants. The m
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CODlDlon and dwarf bunts (stinking
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Karnal bunt Tilletia indica" Karnal
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Fusarium diseases The two most comm
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Fusarium culmorum Macroconidia usua
Page 77 and 78: Figure 118. Rye spikes infected by
Page 79 and 80: FusariuDl leaf blotch and snow Dlol
Page 81: Snow mold is the more common diseas
Page 84 and 85: Ophiobofus graminis (take-all) Dark
Page 86 and 87: Cephalosporiunt stripe Cephalospori
Page 88 and 89: In recent years, several closely re
Page 90 and 91: SclerotiuDl wilt (southern blight)
Page 92 and 93: Anthracnose Co//etotrichum graminic
Page 95 and 96: Miscellaneous leaf and head disease
Page 97 and 98: Powdery ntildew Erysiphe gram inis
Page 99 and 100: Scald RhVnchosporium seca/is Scald
Page 101: Ergot Claviceps purpurea Ergot is u
Page 104 and 105: The fungal colonies are clark grey
Page 106 and 107: Cladosporium species This genus inc
Page 108 and 109: Torula species Torula species are t
Page 110 and 111: Epicoccum nigrum Th is fungus occu
Page 113 and 114: Bacterial diseases Bacterial plant
Page 115 and 116: The disease is called black chaff w
Page 117 and 118: Halo blight of oats Pseudomonas cor
Page 119: Bacterial leaf blight Pseudomonas s
Page 122 and 123: Aphid-transntitted viral diseases A
Page 124 and 125: Other aphid-transmitted viral disea
Page 128: Planthoppertransntitted viral disea
Page 132 and 133: Soil-borne viral diseases The occur
Page 134 and 135: .. ..
Page 136 and 137: Seed gall nematodes (Anguina tritic
Page 138 and 139: Careful observation of the type of
Page 140 and 141: 128 Figure 268. Cereal leaf beatle
Page 144 and 145: Brown necrosis occurs on some wheat
Page 146 and 147: Nutrient deficiencies and environme
Page 148 and 149: Soil toxicity Several mineral eleme
Page 150 and 151: Frost and hail damage Several facto
Page 152 and 153: hypha (pI. hyphae)-a tubular thread
Page 154: Correct Citation: Centro Internacio
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Distinguishing the species - CIMMYT

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