National Conference Emerging trends of Energy Conservation in

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ulk. The idea behind this technique is that once a material is heated up, the change in reflectance of the surface can be matched to the model containing coefficients that correspond to thermal properties. 4. Experimental A few of the materials are characterized by standard steady state method as per IS standard and with the Modified transient plane source (MTPS) method both at same mean temperature and the results are given in Table-1. The materials chosen for this comparison include expanded polystyrene, glass wool slab, rigid expanded polyethylene, foamed cement slab, and low density Coir CNSL Board. In all these materials the Coir-CNSL Board is an alternative material developed in CBRI. Table 1. Thermal Conductivity of Materials Determined at Laboratory No. Sample (Density in kg/m 3 ) Mean Temp Thermal Conductivity in Wm -1 .K -1 Steady State Method* MTPS Method % Deviation 1. Expanded Polystyrene (24.00) 25°C 0.035 0.037 +5.71 2. Glass Wool Slab (24.00) 25°C 0.036 0.040 +11.11 3. Expanded Polyethylene (35.00) 25°C 0.037 0.039 +5.40 4. Foamed Cement Slab (400.00) 25°C 0.084 - - 5. Low Density Coir CNSL Board 25°C (500.00) 0.078 0.062 -20.51 6. Ceramic wool (115.00) 25°C 0.055 0.059 +7.27 7. Low Density Board of Paper Industry Waste (286.00) * Considered as the standard value. 25°C - 0.061 - The equipments used for measuring the thermal conductivity in the laboratory are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Both are available at CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee. There are certain limitation with MTPS based equipment. This equipment is suitable only for the materials which are continuous and homogenous in composition. This equipment is not suitable for the materials having larger size particles or composites having larger size fibers or particles or air bubbles etc. Here the thermal contact conductance plays a very important role during measuring the thermal conductivity of materials by MTPS method. A temperature drop is observed at the interface between the two surfaces in contact. Here the two surfaces are the surface of the sample and the surface of the sensor. Sensor and the surface of the sample must be in intimate contact. For making intimate contact between these two surfaces some specific liquids of known characteristics may also be used. A correction factor is included to nullify the effect of used liquid on thermal conductivity.
5. Conclusion The results of thermal conductivity of different materials measured by using steady state method and by modified transient plane source method are shown in Table-1. Results for Expanded Polystyrene, Expanded Polyethylene, and Ceramic wool are close to each other and the deviation is varying from +5.40 to +7.27%. The deviation in case of Glass Wool Slab and Low Density Coir CNSL Board is quite high due to presence of entrapped air in between the reinforcing material in the matrix. The censor in case of MTPS method is very small and entrapped air gaps contribute major error. Therefore, it may be concluded that for approximate determination of k value for these products is not justified. However this approximation can easily be done for Expanded Polystyrene, Expanded Polyethylene, and Ceramic wool. The time involved in determining the thermal conductivity by steady state method is very large. Around 7-10 hours are needed for performing one single test. The other methods require only 1-2 minutes time for one observation. However, the transient method cannot be considered as standard method since environmental conditions which do not have any control may affect the results. Therefore, for the development of a new material or for designing some heat sink or heat insulation with sophistication, the steady state method should be used. For other general or less sophisticated instances, the MTPS method can be used without any difficulty. 6. Acknowledgement Authors are thankful to the Director Prof. S. K. Bhattacharya, Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee for permitting to publish this work. References 1. www.tainstruments.com 2. Thermal Properties of Materials, Homsey, R. I., ENG 2000 series Chapter 9. 3. Principal Methods of Thermal Conductivity Measurement, a publication of TA Instruments, Argentina. 4. Conference/ Conductivity/Home%20Heating%20Energy.htm 5. IS: 3346, “Methods for determination of thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials by two slab guarded hot plate”.
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Page 13 and 14: 4. Latest Concept of Insulation The
Page 15 and 16: completely. There are number of pos
Page 17: 3) Transient line source method - i
Page 21 and 22: In this study, exfoliated vermiculi
Page 23 and 24: as a swelling agent for the Silicat
Page 25 and 26: 6. Acknowledgement Authors are than
Page 27 and 28: In over-deck insulation, a thermal
Page 29 and 30: 2.2 Roof insulation components Ther
Page 31 and 32: 3. Wall insulation In India which h
Page 33 and 34: Abstract Glass Wool Insulation ECBC
Page 35 and 36: Table 2. HVAC application to comply
Page 37 and 38: 4. Glass wool compliance with LEED
Page 39 and 40: Use of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2. Fireball hazard distances
Page 43 and 44: the glass causes the exposed glass
Page 45 and 46: 2.1.4 Light weight AAC blocks are l
Page 47 and 48: Additives Filled Rigid Polyurethane
Page 49 and 50: 2. Method Table 2. Comparison of th
Page 51 and 52: depends on both concentration and i
Page 53 and 54: 3.3. Morphology The cross-sectional
Page 55 and 56: the increasing water content. Reten
Page 57 and 58: Thermal Insulation Materials for En
Page 59 and 60: 4. Merit and demerit of insulation
Page 61 and 62: R-values stated on packaging are ba
Page 63 and 64: insulation finishing system. This s
Page 65 and 66: 2. Background Energy and CO2 implic
Page 67 and 68: continent. Materials such as sand a
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Except gypsum plaster, the producti
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etc.It is the result of geosynthesi
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Comparative Assessment of Energy Re
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problem in mind low carbon building
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Table2. Equations for material requ
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The Figure 2 shows a comparison of
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3. Satori I. , Hestnes A.G (2007),
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growth rate of 8% during the Tenth
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The reuse of building materials com
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Table 3. Summary[15] of Measures us
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Waste Management Facility plant whi
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References 1. Urbanization and Sust
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winter, the heat moves directly fro
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3. Lightweight sandwich panels The
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6. Conclusion Number of waste produ
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factor. Nevertheless, appropriate m
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It has been observed that the hydra
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5. Conclusion It can be concluded f
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26. European Committee for Standard
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vernacular Architecture of this cou
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sprawl, it just defeats the purpose
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much sense if you don't also consid
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This is in direct conflict with the
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Abstract Energy Efficiency and Sust
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Thus, the above two comparative ana
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uildings suddenly became a major is
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8. UNEP, Buildings and Climate Chan
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insulation value, as well as blocki
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thus helps to provide more comforta
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Figure 4. RCC roof of Building I co
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It is observed that the size of the
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Energy Efficiency through ICT Adopt
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According to a recent study [2], th
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3.4 ICT solutions in transport Road
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References 1. Bedi Rahul,( Aug 26,
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1. Introduction Jharkhand has, as p
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1.1.2 Typical mud huts in Jharkhand
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2.1.1 Orientation Figure 10b. Recre
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2.1.2 Surface area to volume ratio(
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Occupants of the entire hut felt mo
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maintain indoor thermal environment
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Figure 5. Chand Baoli -Step well in
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3. Modern building -pearl academy o
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Planning and Energy Conservation St
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houses have been taken as 36.00 sq.
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type of development in terms of hei
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Abstract Green Initiative through E
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of building largely depends on ther
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2.2 Solar radiation The surface of
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3.1.1 Results & discussion The ener
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The solar reflectivity and emissivi
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Abstract. Energy Conservation under
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water bodies can be used both for e
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help in reducing the discomfort. Th
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Only solar passive techniques, done
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The roof of the Garh palace is domi
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plotted and an improvement of 10 to
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absorber copper plate of heat excha
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heat exchanger consisting of 20 mm
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Single crystalline silicon solar ce
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Solar Insolation, mW/cm 2 100 90 80
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2. Atmospheric effects A considerab
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Figure 1. Angular distribution of s
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Figure 2. Scattering and absorption
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to the human eye - violet, blue, gr
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5. Navvab. M., Karayel M., Ne’ema
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electrons are supplied to the top o
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Fig. 1. Schematic diagram shows the
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KV 2 V F 2 ( t') aexp-bt'- bexp-at'
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Solar energized Liquid Desiccant Ai
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3. Hybrid configuration: desiccant
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Salts of weak organic acids, such a
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6. Solar Hybrid Desiccant Cooling S
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References 1. Ishwar Chand & Bharga
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carried out by measuring inlet air
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Time (hrs) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Tabl
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5. Conclusion The cooker designed b
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located mainly in Rajasthan, Gujara
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The heart of a solar thermal system
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8. References 1. Chopra, S.K. Tanej
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1. Introduction India is positioned
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wafer-based silicon solar cells, wh
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output at a particular point in tim
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worldwide electricity demand. [25]
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1. Solar power is pollution-free du
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17. "Introduction to Solar Electric
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visual surroundings, which can be a
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EO Illuminance on window plane whi
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Table1. Luminous Efficiency of Ligh
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Abstract. Energy Efficient Lighting
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Aversion to taking risks associated
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Landscaping: it is an important ele
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7. Prescribed type of energy effici
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factors can reduce total illuminati
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Solution of Integral Equation apply
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or 1/R1 -F1-2 -F1-3 ……………
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Figure1. Sketch of cubical building
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4. Input data North sky luminance (
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Table 6. Inter - Reflected Flux Den
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Solution of Integral Equation apply
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or 1/R1 -F1-2 -F1-3 ……………
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Figure1. Sketch of cubical building
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4. Input data North sky luminance (
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Table 6. Inter - Reflected Flux Den
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A Study on Stack Ventilation System
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Consumption, No global warming, No
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space heating. This configuration g
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generated by conventional solar chi
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17. Khedari J., Rachapradit N., Hir
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Appropriate architectural design su
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temperature was 2 0 C below the cor
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A complete know-how of the above sy
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3.3 Shading of windows Fig 7:Shadin
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technologies nationwide awareness,
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The prerequisites for energy effici
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The system utilizes autoclaved aera
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Table 2. Thermal efficiency for wal
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3.2 Energy efficient: thermal mass
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Abstract Considerations for an Ener
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Reduced Environmental Impact: Impro
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5.3 Shading When landscaping is imp
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5.9 Fenestration Fenestration desig
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adiation. However, care should be t
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uildings by adopting energy efficie
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features have come up. These techni
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The thermal comfort of people lies
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provided in these regions, air ente
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6. Energy saving in buildings due t
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9. Acknowledgement The study forms
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adiations and rains etc. The existi
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Sl. No. 5. Benefits Table 2. Relati
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when gunny bags and sand is removed
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y a number of building envelope pro
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Figure 1. Actual Photos of the Buil
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The shading coefficient of window g
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4. Conclusion Table4. Correlation b
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climatic condition. We add more tha
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Table 2. Trend of energy consumptio
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4. ‘Zero-Energy Building’ conce
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Figure 6. ZEB at BCA Academy, Singa
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innovations in green building techn
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2. Seismic attributes Figure 1. Pat
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3.1.Foundations A good foundation i
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Wall joints To join the posts with
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3.8. Infills and plaster Figure 17.
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Pollution Free Design Patterns for
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tribal teams should be trained to u
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core competence in art & craft, han
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Figure 3. Inner side of a hut. Figu
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These dwelling units have a raised
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Abstract Low Energy Residential Bui
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For this Energy intensiveness of ma
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Brick Concrete Table4. Time Lag Val
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Modeling and Simulation of Composit
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3. Modeling of steel tube When a co
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code and described as , in MPa. The
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Conclusion In the present study, th
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Energy Simulation for Sustainable B
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Table 1. Comparison of merit and de
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climatic zone 2 . The solar radiati
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Layers Thickness L (m) Case 3. Roof
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Case 10. Roof treated with Elastosp
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Abstract. CFD Modelling of Wind Flo
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studies of wind flow on large build
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2.3 Turbulence model Researchers ha
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have converged. Although the simula
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Figure 5. Velocity potential and ve
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full scale model of physical proble
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Abstract. CFD Modelling of Wind Flo
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studies of wind flow on large build
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2.3 Turbulence model Researchers ha
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3. Numerical simulation and validat
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4.2 Setup-2 and 3 (Two building wit
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Prediction of Indoor Thermal Comfor
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approach to the optimization under
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Mamdani-type [12] inference expects
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Figure 5. Membership Function of OT
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7. Future scope of work In this pap
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story house [2] [11] [12]. With the
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air in the space and determines the
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Keeping these in mind, a mono direc
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oom which may be at different press
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Ψ = 20 0 Ψ = 40 0 Ψ = 60 0 Ψ =
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5. Conclusion The primary parameter
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