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Figure 1. Vermiculite cement tiles Table 1. Properties of Vermiculite cement tiles Properties CBRI tiles Conventional tiles Water Absorption (%) 24 hrs soaking 8-10 12-16 Flexural Strength (MPa) After 7 days curing 2.9-3.4 1.8 After 28 days curing 3.2-3.5 Compressive Strength After 7 days curing 4.2-5.0 3.9-4.2 (MPa) After 28 days curing 4.6-4.8 Thermal Conductivity, (Kcal/m/hr/ o C) 0.10-0.18 0.18-0.20 4. Results and discussion It is found that increase of vermiculite content decreases compressive strength and increases water absorption of the resulting mixes. At higher loading, w/c ratio of the mix is comparatively more than the mix containing low vermiculite content because of porous nature of vermiculite flakes. The thermal conductivity of sheet is found in the range of 0.12- 0.18 Kcal/m/hr/ o C. When compared with conventionally used tiles, it is observed that water absorption is 33% less after 2 hrs soaking and 28% after 24 hrs respectively. About 61% increase in the flexural strength is noted probably due to reinforcing effect of vermiculite. The value of compressive strength of vermiculite cement tiles is comparable to the conventional tiles. The strength properties of vermiculite cement tiles determined after 7 days curing are almost same as that of 28 days water curing. This is attributed to the formation of polymer layer on the cement particles surface as a result water is trapped inside and contributing towards hydration of cement. Based on the results, it is concluded that vermiculite cement tiles exhibited low water absorption, better strength properties and low thermal conductivity compared with the conventional clay tiles used for thermal insulation purpose. 5. Application The tiles obtained are light in weight and provide thermal insulation to computer rooms; cold storages etc. as the product arrest the heat dissipation.
6. Acknowledgement Authors are thankful to the Director, Prof. S. K. Bhattacharya, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee for granting permission to publish this work. Thanks are due to BMTPC, New Delhi for sponsoring grant-in-aid project for carrying out these studies. References 1. Papadopoulos, A.M. (2005), “State of art in thermal insulation materials and aims for future developments”, Energy and Buildings, Pages 3777-86. 2. Akao, M., Yamazaki, A., Fukuda. Y. (2003), “Vermiculite board for novel building material”, Journal of Material Science Letters, Volume 22, Pages1483-1485. 3. Norman M.P. Low. (1984), “The Thermal insulating properties of Vermiculite”, Journal of Building Physics, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 107-115 “Vermiculite- A promising material for high-temperature”, Refractories & Industrial Ceramics, Volume 44 (2003) No.3. 4. Norman M.P. Low. (2003), “Vermiculite- A promising material for high-temperature”, Refractories & Industrial Ceramics, Volume 44, No.3. 5. Suvorov, S.A., Skurikhin, V.V. (2002), “High-Temperature heat insulating materialsbased on Vermiculite”, Refractories & Industrial Ceramics, Pages 43383-389. 6. Carkner, P.M. “lightweight insulating concrete and method for using same”, U.S.Patent no.6290769. 7. Charles S.B., “Ultra-Light High Moisture Retention Tile Mortar”, U.S. Patent-5,718,758 8. Akao, M. (2004), “Fungus resistance of vermiculite board & comparison to calcium silicate board & gypsum board “, Journal of material science, 39 No.-18. 9. Tjong, S.C., Meng, Y.Z., Hays, A.S. (2002), “Novel preparation and properties of Polypropylene-Vermiculite Nanocomposites”, Chemistry of Material, Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages 44-51. 10. Al- Homoud, M.S. (2005), “Performance Characteristics & Practical Application of Common Building Thermal Insulation Materials”, Building and Environment, Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages 353-366. 11. Zheng, Y., Li, P., Zhang, J., Wang, A. (2007), “Study on superabsorbent composite XVI. Synthesis, characterization & swelling behaviours of poly (sodium acrylate) / vermiculite superabsorbent composites”, European Polymer Journal, Volume 43, Pages1691-1698
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Page 13 and 14: 4. Latest Concept of Insulation The
Page 15 and 16: completely. There are number of pos
Page 17 and 18: 3) Transient line source method - i
Page 19 and 20: 5. Conclusion The results of therma
Page 21 and 22: In this study, exfoliated vermiculi
Page 23: as a swelling agent for the Silicat
Page 27 and 28: In over-deck insulation, a thermal
Page 29 and 30: 2.2 Roof insulation components Ther
Page 31 and 32: 3. Wall insulation In India which h
Page 33 and 34: Abstract Glass Wool Insulation ECBC
Page 35 and 36: Table 2. HVAC application to comply
Page 37 and 38: 4. Glass wool compliance with LEED
Page 39 and 40: Use of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2. Fireball hazard distances
Page 43 and 44: the glass causes the exposed glass
Page 45 and 46: 2.1.4 Light weight AAC blocks are l
Page 47 and 48: Additives Filled Rigid Polyurethane
Page 49 and 50: 2. Method Table 2. Comparison of th
Page 51 and 52: depends on both concentration and i
Page 53 and 54: 3.3. Morphology The cross-sectional
Page 55 and 56: the increasing water content. Reten
Page 57 and 58: Thermal Insulation Materials for En
Page 59 and 60: 4. Merit and demerit of insulation
Page 61 and 62: R-values stated on packaging are ba
Page 63 and 64: insulation finishing system. This s
Page 65 and 66: 2. Background Energy and CO2 implic
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Page 69 and 70: Except gypsum plaster, the producti
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Page 73 and 74: Comparative Assessment of Energy Re
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problem in mind low carbon building
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Table2. Equations for material requ
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The Figure 2 shows a comparison of
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3. Satori I. , Hestnes A.G (2007),
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growth rate of 8% during the Tenth
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The reuse of building materials com
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Table 3. Summary[15] of Measures us
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Waste Management Facility plant whi
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References 1. Urbanization and Sust
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winter, the heat moves directly fro
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3. Lightweight sandwich panels The
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6. Conclusion Number of waste produ
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factor. Nevertheless, appropriate m
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It has been observed that the hydra
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5. Conclusion It can be concluded f
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26. European Committee for Standard
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vernacular Architecture of this cou
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sprawl, it just defeats the purpose
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much sense if you don't also consid
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This is in direct conflict with the
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Abstract Energy Efficiency and Sust
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Thus, the above two comparative ana
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uildings suddenly became a major is
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8. UNEP, Buildings and Climate Chan
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insulation value, as well as blocki
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thus helps to provide more comforta
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Figure 4. RCC roof of Building I co
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It is observed that the size of the
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Energy Efficiency through ICT Adopt
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According to a recent study [2], th
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3.4 ICT solutions in transport Road
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References 1. Bedi Rahul,( Aug 26,
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1. Introduction Jharkhand has, as p
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1.1.2 Typical mud huts in Jharkhand
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2.1.1 Orientation Figure 10b. Recre
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2.1.2 Surface area to volume ratio(
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Occupants of the entire hut felt mo
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maintain indoor thermal environment
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Figure 5. Chand Baoli -Step well in
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3. Modern building -pearl academy o
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Planning and Energy Conservation St
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houses have been taken as 36.00 sq.
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type of development in terms of hei
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Abstract Green Initiative through E
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of building largely depends on ther
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2.2 Solar radiation The surface of
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3.1.1 Results & discussion The ener
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The solar reflectivity and emissivi
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Abstract. Energy Conservation under
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water bodies can be used both for e
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help in reducing the discomfort. Th
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Only solar passive techniques, done
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The roof of the Garh palace is domi
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plotted and an improvement of 10 to
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absorber copper plate of heat excha
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heat exchanger consisting of 20 mm
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Single crystalline silicon solar ce
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Solar Insolation, mW/cm 2 100 90 80
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2. Atmospheric effects A considerab
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Figure 1. Angular distribution of s
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Figure 2. Scattering and absorption
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to the human eye - violet, blue, gr
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5. Navvab. M., Karayel M., Ne’ema
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electrons are supplied to the top o
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Fig. 1. Schematic diagram shows the
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KV 2 V F 2 ( t') aexp-bt'- bexp-at'
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Solar energized Liquid Desiccant Ai
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3. Hybrid configuration: desiccant
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Salts of weak organic acids, such a
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6. Solar Hybrid Desiccant Cooling S
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References 1. Ishwar Chand & Bharga
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carried out by measuring inlet air
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Time (hrs) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Tabl
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5. Conclusion The cooker designed b
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located mainly in Rajasthan, Gujara
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The heart of a solar thermal system
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8. References 1. Chopra, S.K. Tanej
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1. Introduction India is positioned
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wafer-based silicon solar cells, wh
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output at a particular point in tim
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worldwide electricity demand. [25]
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1. Solar power is pollution-free du
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17. "Introduction to Solar Electric
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visual surroundings, which can be a
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EO Illuminance on window plane whi
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Table1. Luminous Efficiency of Ligh
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Abstract. Energy Efficient Lighting
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Aversion to taking risks associated
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Landscaping: it is an important ele
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7. Prescribed type of energy effici
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factors can reduce total illuminati
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Solution of Integral Equation apply
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or 1/R1 -F1-2 -F1-3 ……………
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Figure1. Sketch of cubical building
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4. Input data North sky luminance (
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Table 6. Inter - Reflected Flux Den
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Solution of Integral Equation apply
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or 1/R1 -F1-2 -F1-3 ……………
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Figure1. Sketch of cubical building
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4. Input data North sky luminance (
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Table 6. Inter - Reflected Flux Den
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A Study on Stack Ventilation System
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Consumption, No global warming, No
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space heating. This configuration g
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generated by conventional solar chi
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17. Khedari J., Rachapradit N., Hir
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Appropriate architectural design su
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temperature was 2 0 C below the cor
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A complete know-how of the above sy
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3.3 Shading of windows Fig 7:Shadin
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technologies nationwide awareness,
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The prerequisites for energy effici
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The system utilizes autoclaved aera
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Table 2. Thermal efficiency for wal
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3.2 Energy efficient: thermal mass
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Abstract Considerations for an Ener
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Reduced Environmental Impact: Impro
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5.3 Shading When landscaping is imp
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5.9 Fenestration Fenestration desig
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adiation. However, care should be t
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uildings by adopting energy efficie
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features have come up. These techni
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The thermal comfort of people lies
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provided in these regions, air ente
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6. Energy saving in buildings due t
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9. Acknowledgement The study forms
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adiations and rains etc. The existi
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Sl. No. 5. Benefits Table 2. Relati
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when gunny bags and sand is removed
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y a number of building envelope pro
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Figure 1. Actual Photos of the Buil
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The shading coefficient of window g
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4. Conclusion Table4. Correlation b
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climatic condition. We add more tha
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Table 2. Trend of energy consumptio
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4. ‘Zero-Energy Building’ conce
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Figure 6. ZEB at BCA Academy, Singa
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innovations in green building techn
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2. Seismic attributes Figure 1. Pat
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3.1.Foundations A good foundation i
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Wall joints To join the posts with
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3.8. Infills and plaster Figure 17.
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Pollution Free Design Patterns for
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tribal teams should be trained to u
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core competence in art & craft, han
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Figure 3. Inner side of a hut. Figu
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These dwelling units have a raised
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Abstract Low Energy Residential Bui
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For this Energy intensiveness of ma
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Brick Concrete Table4. Time Lag Val
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Modeling and Simulation of Composit
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3. Modeling of steel tube When a co
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code and described as , in MPa. The
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Conclusion In the present study, th
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Energy Simulation for Sustainable B
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Table 1. Comparison of merit and de
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climatic zone 2 . The solar radiati
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Layers Thickness L (m) Case 3. Roof
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Case 10. Roof treated with Elastosp
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Abstract. CFD Modelling of Wind Flo
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studies of wind flow on large build
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2.3 Turbulence model Researchers ha
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have converged. Although the simula
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Figure 5. Velocity potential and ve
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full scale model of physical proble
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Abstract. CFD Modelling of Wind Flo
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studies of wind flow on large build
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2.3 Turbulence model Researchers ha
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3. Numerical simulation and validat
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4.2 Setup-2 and 3 (Two building wit
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Prediction of Indoor Thermal Comfor
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approach to the optimization under
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Mamdani-type [12] inference expects
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Figure 5. Membership Function of OT
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7. Future scope of work In this pap
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story house [2] [11] [12]. With the
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air in the space and determines the
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Keeping these in mind, a mono direc
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oom which may be at different press
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Ψ = 20 0 Ψ = 40 0 Ψ = 60 0 Ψ =
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5. Conclusion The primary parameter
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