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" 1. 7'hc I'arties undertake. accortfing 10 tl:eir rcsprcti~e c;ipabil~tie\, to prurrlvte tt.c~lr~li~~;~l a~lrl scientific cooperation in the fields of combating desertific~tion and niitigati~lg the rft'ec.ts of drought through appropriate national. subregion;ll, regional anti i~~teniation~I i~lst~tutions. 'l'o this end, they shall \upport research a~.tivities that: , (a) contr:bute to increased knowledge at' the processes leading to tiesertific;ttior~ and drought and the ilnpact of. and distirlction between, cauz;~l f;rc.tors. I~oth natural and human, with a view to conll>att~ng desertification ,ind ~llitigatirlg tht* effects of drought. and achieving irnpro\,ed proiluctivity ah well ,is su\rai~lablr use and man;lpement of rrsourcc
of designing appropriate strategies to alleviate their effects. Participatory methods are encouraged, with a view to distilling indigenous knowledge that can assist in solving the problems of desertification and drought. Both productivity and sustainability are alluded to, as is the need for collaborative research programs at national, subregional, regional, and international levels. A number of action programs are proposed under the (lonvention, and the one for Africa is well articulated. This is probably as a result of the Convention's placing special emphasis on the problems of desertification and drought in Africa. It was clear during the negotiation process leading to the Desertification Convention signing in October 1994, that donors did not envisage there would be a significant increase in funding, available for implementation. This was obviously a great disappointment to the developing countries who participated in thc negotiations. At one stage it was hoped that a new global desertification fund would be created to facilitate the mobilization of additional funds for action programs under the Convention. This now seems unlikely, as does funding under the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The GEF has indicated that problems of land degradation and desertification will not be included as explicit project activities under the GEF. However, if projects focusing on these issues include components that relate to biodiversity, global climate change, international waters, and the ozone layer, these components may be considered for possible support. Land degradation per se is not eligible for GEF funding. It would secrn that if we conclude at this Workshop that there is merit in proceeding with a Desert Margins Initiative it may be preferable to develop rnodules that could be used to make submissions to different donors, rather than to develop a single project for submission to a single donor. This would result in not only a research consortium, but also a donor consortium. This is a topic that will undoubtedly be revisited during this Workshop. Genesis of the Proposed Desert Margin Initiative The momentum for the development of a Desert Margins Initiative came from a number of sources. The first was the initiation of the intergovernmental negotiating process for a Convention on Desertification which began in early 1993, following the UNCEDdeliberations. At that time, the Inteinational Cenue for Research in Ag~.oforestry (ICRAF) and ICRISAT began discussions and drafted a joint background documerlt proposing a possible research agenda for an ecoregional initiative focusing on the problems of arid and semi-arid regions. This draft document built upon ICKAF's experience in initiating the Alternatives to Slash and Burn Consortium, and with a similar one for the Eastern African Highlands. Later in 1943 UNEP was approached to see if they could lend assistance in carrying the process forward in a way that allowed rnore explicit involvement of NARS and regional organizations in sub-Saharan Africa. This resulted in their supporting a Canadian consultant, Dr Wolfgang Baier, who traveled around Africa to discuss the draft background document with potential collaborators.in NARS, regional organizations, and IARCs. His discussions
Page 3 and 4: Papers Presented at the Internation
Page 5 and 6: Ecological and economic linkages be
Page 7 and 8: A vant-propos En aolir 1994, I'ICRI
Page 9 and 10: Introduction In recent years the Co
Page 11 and 12: increases in food and agricultural
Page 13 and 14: At present some 12 ecoregional init
Page 18 and 19: helped to produce a detailed doi~ur
Page 20 and 21: Assemble those institution\ and ind
Page 22 and 23: concludeti that there are ar least
Page 24 and 25: Issues for Decision at the IVorksho
Page 26: stratt=gie.\ and smcture. A ~ ~ I T
Page 29 and 30: I. INTRODUCTION le Niger est un vas
Page 31 and 32: IA secorlde cause de la ddtorestati
Page 33 and 34: ecupiration et conservation dr l'ea
Page 36 and 37: La recherche sur la gestion des res
Page 38 and 39: 1.1. Justification de la recherche
Page 40 and 41: "prendre des decisions sur des acti
Page 42 and 43: du souci de rapprocher la rec:herci
Page 45 and 46: * 23 barrages et retenues d'eau fon
Page 47 and 48: - Le svsteme d'elevaqe A partir de
Page 49 and 50: 3.3. La zone aride de 1'Est du Burk
Page 52: OBJECTIFS ~CIFICUES hS2UIIER U DEFE
Page 56: . DOCUMENTS . -. - - - - CONSULTEE
Page 59 and 60: L'unc des nombreuses dtfinitions du
Page 62 and 63: FIGURE &. Varrations lr~terannuelle
Page 64 and 65: Deux varikth de mil sont cultivtks
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Plante trks rtsistante B la khcress
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Le semis se fait en ligne mais avcc
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2.1 J& nomadisme I Parmi les groupe
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- F1g5 . LDCALISATION OES ANIMAUX D
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figure 6. MOU VEMEN T DES _AIV@AUX
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2.4.3 Autres e s-W animales Parmi l
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3.1.1 Facteurs climatiaua Si le def
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I'organisation et I'aniniation des
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Cri.6 en 1977, I'lnstitut du Sahcl
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- le d6vcloppcrncnt des capncitis p
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111.1.4. Ar~nui aux activit6s dc re
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- dtveloppcr la capacitk de collect
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IV. CONCLUSION Avec pres dc dcux dd
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Organigramme de 1'Institut du Sahel
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Communication de I'Association lnte
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anndcs h venir. I1 etait cn ctt'et
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CAS DU BURKINA - FASO : LES GROWEME
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Introduction methodologique a la me
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TOPP C> 2 i~apes distinctes I Phasc
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" veiller i ce que les financenlent
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Presentation from the lntergovernme
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This Convention can be visualized a
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meawes proposed by the population d
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Background Botswana lies between la
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AgricultureJ, 1991). Smallstock is
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Alternative energy sources with emp
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Desert margins in Kenya: definition
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or maintain the productivity of the
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Rainfall, evapotranspiration and te
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of these areas is wood. Wood is, th
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cconolnic and more importantly. eco
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The Intergovernmental Authority on
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While, the problenls of insufficien
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1.5 million tons of cereals. It is
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i) ii) promotion, rcscarch and dcve
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SACCAR: an overview of the organisa
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In view of the overriding importanc
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assess regional manpower need and c
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Will this Convention make a differe
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2. The Corlvt:ntion mer-tions the e
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Alleviating the consequences of agr
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NGO Advisory Committeee to IFAD, it
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4.4 Propose national and internatio
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PRELIMINAKY SCHEDULE OF WORK (Cont'
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The current interest within CUAR in
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land degradation and achieve inprov
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I express sv qrateful thanks to all
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Introduction At the 1992 UN C:onfer
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1)esertificalion and global cliruat
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Ayoadr, J. 0. 1977: Perrpectivl:~ o
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~nclude long-term ccolc~gicaily sus
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Technologies for combating land deg
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microbial population. Annual burnin
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of the approaches used. The priorit
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Introduction The arid zone lies bet
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which can complement traditional co
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6. Potential for stratification of
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soils over a global range of enviro
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Desertfication, like many other for
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elieving the pressure on resources
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Pratiques agroforestibres tradition
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dcuxiernement, beaucoup d'actions o
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graines apportent aux populations u
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microcurpum), ere. IKS amandes des
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naturelles de leurs terroirs dc man
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Les problimes majeurs de la product
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6. Contribution Possible de I'ICRAF
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Session 4: Institution Building and
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training in social sciences, or pre
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1. CONCEPTION 1.1 Goal and Objectiv
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The membership of the consortiurn h
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Communication between all ~nembers
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3.5 Workirig Groups Participants of
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4. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the
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AARD. 1994. ASR Indonesia. Report o
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TABLE 2: MEMBERS OF TIIE ASU CONSOR
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APPENDIX: SOME MAJOR C0MPOiVE;VTS O
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niain mechanisms by wliicli slash a
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Rice-Wheat Consortium for the lndo-
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The Problem and Its Relationship to
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At present, little information is a
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lem-cause relationships so that app
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- Function ----------- 1. Problem d
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The 'Demand' Side - NARS Suggestion
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Use of roving seminars, workshops,
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Problem Soil fertility decline Rese
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Some Details of the Partnership An
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esearch effort so as to improve the
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CII' Role of potatoes in R-\Y syste
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Annexes of Participants and Supplem
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1)r C I. Bergmark. Scicncc Advl\or,
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Dr B M Moore, Exccut~vc I)~rcctor.
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Annex 2 Sustainable Natural Resourc
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percent in 1992. The GDP level indi
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m Community irr~gat~on In the Kerio
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3.1. Characrerlzatlon and analysls
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Under thls project, we propose to s
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ICRAF leads major research programs
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level. With~n UNEP a Desertlflcal~o
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African countries (Djibcuti, Ethiop
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to ensure that research results are
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PREFACE In 1994, the Technical Advi
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1. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION In
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likewise the management of livestoc
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1.3,2 IAHC to NARS Link:tgcs The pr
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3. IMbIEUIATE OBJECTIVES, OU.I'PUTS
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further research is needed to estab
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3.5.1 Immediate Objective Enhanced
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-- ICARDA North Afrlca Program Coor
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Germplasm Conservation an(l llse. C
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