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31
sh-Shash¹ [the Jaxartes], Saihan, ² Jaihan,³ Baradan, 4 Mihran
[the Indus], Nabru-r-Bass 5 [the Araxes], Nahru-1 Malik 6 and
Nahru-1 Ahwaz ; 7 all of which are navigable. Less considerable
than these, are the following rivers :—Nahru-1 Marwain, 8 the river
of Harat, 9 the river of Sijistan, 10 the river of Balkh, 11 Nahru-s-
Sughd, 12 Taifuil, 13 Zandarud," Nahru-l 'Abbas, 15 Barada, 16
Nahru-1 Urdunn [the Jordan], al-Maqlub 17 or the Inverted [the
Orontes], the river of Antakiyah,' 18 the river of Arrajan,' 19 the
1 The river of ash-ghash, from the district of that name on its borders.
2 The ancient Saras. Smith's Diet., Vol. I, 619a and Abulf. I, 63.
3 The ancient Pyramus Smith, I, 6196 and Abulf. I, 62.
4 The river of Tarsus, the ancient Cydnus. Smith, I, 6186.
5 Smith, I, 188a. Abulf. I, 76 It is now called the Aras or Arax.
6 The river Samùr (K.-J. Plate 29 McJ; probably the ancient Albanus.
7 Called also the river of Tustar. It is the ancient Eulaeus, and the
modern Kurun,
8 The river Murghab which passes by the two cities of Marw ; namely,
Marw ash Shuhijanand Marw ar-Rudh. Its ancient name was Margus (Smith,
IT, 274 6).
9 The ancient Arias; now the Heri Rud,
10 The river Hind-mand ; now called the Hilmand. Its ancient name was
Erymandrus (Smith, I, 850 6 )
11 The river on which Balkh is situated, the ancient Bactrus. The Oxus is
also called the river of Balkh.
12 The Zar- Afghan or " gold scattering " river of Samarqand ; the ancient
Polytimetus. Smith sub Oxia Palus. Abulf. II, 213.
13 The river of Jurjan; the Gurgan or Gurkan of K -J., plate 31 Fb.
1* The river of Isfahan ; the Zendeh of K.-J., plate 31 Ed.
15 A river of Khuzistan.
16 The river of Damascus; the Chrysorroa of Strabo and Pliny and probably
the Abana of Scripture Smith, I, 749 a.
17 The present name of this river is al- ( Asi ' the rebel,' from its refusal
to water the fields without the compulsion of water-wheels, according to
Abu-l Fida, but according to Mr. Barker " from its occasional violence and
windings." (Smith, Orontes, II, 494a.) It has also been called al-Maqlub,
* the inverted,' because 'contrary to all other rivers in Syria it flows from
south to north ' Geo. d' Aboulf. I, 61.
18 This refers to the lower course of the Orontes, between Antioch and
the sea.
19 This is the river Tab itself which issuing from the mountains of Isfahan
passes by the town of Arrajan and ultimately flows into the Persian Gulf.
The two names are probably meant to designate the upper and lower courses
of the river.