Carbon fiber rollers - Addax.com
Carbon fiber rollers - Addax.com
Carbon fiber rollers - Addax.com
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carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>rollers</strong>
The <strong>Addax</strong> Advantage SM<br />
Markets and Applications Served<br />
by <strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers<br />
Manufacturing, Slitting,<br />
Coating and Laminating<br />
of Foil, Film, Non-Wovens<br />
and Paper<br />
• Idlers<br />
• Load Cells<br />
• Lay-On Applications<br />
• Nip Rollers<br />
• Tensioning Rollers<br />
• Draw Rollers<br />
Offset Printing Industry<br />
• Web Guides<br />
• Idlers<br />
• Inking Rollers<br />
• Damping Rollers<br />
2 800.827.9228<br />
The premier choice for carbon<br />
<strong>fiber</strong> roller applications<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> was founded in 1985 by a collaboration of<br />
defense and aerospace professionals who recognized the<br />
revolutionary role advanced <strong>com</strong>posite materials could play<br />
in industrial applications. Advanced Composites were<br />
originally developed for the aircraft and aerospace<br />
industries where weight reduction and high strength were<br />
paramount—at any cost.<br />
Since our inception, the <strong>Addax</strong> mission has been to<br />
apply the benefits of this advanced technology to <strong>com</strong>mercial<br />
industry, and to do so economically. The result has been a<br />
string of <strong>com</strong>mercial innovations. <strong>Addax</strong> has successfully<br />
designed, manufactured and supplied a long list of products<br />
using ingenious adaptations of proven <strong>com</strong>posite technology.<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> has extended the boundaries of mechanical properties<br />
previously limited by metals and, ultimately, made the<br />
impossible…Possible.<br />
In the late 80s and early 90s, <strong>Addax</strong> recognized the<br />
growing demand for faster printing and converting<br />
machines. <strong>Addax</strong> responded with the introduction of some<br />
of the first carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>rollers</strong>. To date, <strong>Addax</strong> has be<strong>com</strong>e<br />
one of the world’s largest suppliers of carbon <strong>fiber</strong> idler<br />
<strong>rollers</strong> and the first to offer the significant benefits of<br />
carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>rollers</strong> at prices that are <strong>com</strong>petitive with<br />
conventional alloy alternatives.<br />
Today, <strong>Addax</strong> looks confidently to the future. We pledge<br />
to you, our customers and colleagues, that we will continue<br />
to expand the boundaries of advanced <strong>com</strong>posite technology<br />
while providing products that yield significant benefits at<br />
<strong>com</strong>petitive prices.
why addax carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>rollers</strong>?<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers<br />
Offer an Excellent ROI<br />
Increased Web Quality<br />
• Less Web Deflection<br />
• Less Web to Roller Slip<br />
• Less Web Breaks and<br />
With <strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers, you<br />
Web Wrap-ups<br />
get increased quality through less web<br />
Increased Machine<br />
deflection, slippage and breaking because<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> Rollers have a lower rotational inertia Output<br />
than metal <strong>rollers</strong>; increased production via<br />
• Faster Web Speeds<br />
• Wider Web Widths<br />
faster line speeds, because <strong>Addax</strong> Rollers<br />
have higher critical speeds than metal <strong>rollers</strong>;<br />
wider web widths because <strong>Addax</strong> Rollers • Longer Bearing Life<br />
can span longer distances than metal <strong>rollers</strong> • Eliminate Drive<br />
while providing equal or increased stiffness;<br />
Mechanisms<br />
and reduced operating and maintenance<br />
• Excellent Roller<br />
Corrosion Resistance<br />
costs because <strong>Addax</strong> Rollers provide<br />
significantly better corrosion resistance,<br />
longer bearing life, and can even eliminate drive mechanisms, because their<br />
lower rotational inertia often allows the web to drive the roller instead of<br />
motors, gear drives or belts.<br />
As the trendsetter of the carbon <strong>fiber</strong> roller market, <strong>Addax</strong> has set<br />
a new bar for the industry. We are leading the industry towards the<br />
obsolescence of metal <strong>rollers</strong>. All <strong>Addax</strong> Rollers are manufactured using the<br />
filament winding process. Filament winding provides the best manufacturing<br />
method for producing high-strength, fatigue-resistant, high-performance<br />
<strong>com</strong>posite <strong>com</strong>ponents at affordable prices. While carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>com</strong>posite<br />
products are generally more expensive than those made from metal, <strong>Addax</strong><br />
has been able to refine the process to significantly reduce the cost<br />
differential. Bottom line, <strong>Addax</strong> carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>rollers</strong> are affordable for<br />
most applications.<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> is <strong>com</strong>mitted to providing quality <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers for a variety<br />
of applications in the converting, printing, and other web-based manufacturing<br />
processes. We have designed a standard product line with specific<br />
roller design options depending upon application requirements such as: roller<br />
deflection, rotational inertia, operating speed, rubber and plasma coverings,<br />
air release, web surface friction, and roller expansion/contraction caused by<br />
temperature fluctuations. Applying <strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers within your<br />
operation will provide you and your customers with Increased Product<br />
Quality, Increased Machine Output and a Reduction in Overall<br />
Operating Costs. Ultimately, <strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers present one of<br />
the best methods to increase ROI that is currently available to the industry.<br />
Reduced Operating Costs<br />
<strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber to Metal<br />
Comparisons<br />
Density<br />
• 20% weight of steel<br />
• 60% weight of aluminum<br />
Stiffness (Modulus)<br />
• Stiffness equal to<br />
4 times aluminum<br />
• 20% increase in stiffness over steel<br />
CTE (Coefficient of Thermal<br />
Expansion)<br />
• Dimensionally stable over a wide<br />
range of temperature changes<br />
www.<strong>Addax</strong>.<strong>com</strong> 3
How <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers?<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> Rollers are available<br />
in three unique end fitting<br />
configurations<br />
Journaled/Live Shaft<br />
• Bolt-In 12L14 CF Steel Journals<br />
(Integral Journal for Roller<br />
Diameters ≤ 4.00")<br />
• 6061-T6 Aluminum Header<br />
• Grade 8 Fasteners<br />
Dead Shaft/Through Shaft<br />
• 12L14 CF Steel Bearing<br />
Housings<br />
• 1018 CF Steel, Turned, Ground<br />
and Polished Through Shafts<br />
• ER (Free Running) Style Bearings<br />
Dead Shaft/Double Bearing<br />
Stub Roller<br />
• 6061-T6 Aluminum Header<br />
• High tensile strength, ground<br />
and polished Stub Shaft<br />
• 12L14 CF Steel Bolt-In<br />
Bearing Carrier<br />
• Dual Single Row, Deep Groove,<br />
Shielded Ball Bearings<br />
• Grade 8 Fasteners<br />
4 800.827.9228<br />
Our selection software allows you to input specific<br />
application details and choose the appropriate<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Roller. Visit www.<strong>Addax</strong>.<strong>com</strong><br />
In the past, the selection and proper application of carbon <strong>fiber</strong><br />
<strong>rollers</strong> was somewhat of an art form. Fundamentally, the attention of<br />
the industry was focused towards the lightweight properties of carbon<br />
<strong>fiber</strong> <strong>com</strong>posites and how a low weight and low rotational inertia roller<br />
would benefit specific machine operation. Although low weight and low<br />
rotational inertia is obviously important, there are many other<br />
factors that must be considered when investigating the<br />
application of carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>rollers</strong>. As an example, other<br />
factors to consider are: roller deflection, surface<br />
finish/treatments, machine tolerances and roller<br />
critical speed.<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> has simplified the entire process by first,<br />
designing a standard product offering utilizing<br />
a) various types of carbon <strong>fiber</strong> materials,<br />
b) standard tube outside diameters, c) standard<br />
tube wall thickness; and finally, d) various surface finishes. The next<br />
step was the development of standardized pricing depending upon<br />
roller style, roller diameter, face length, surface finish and overall roller<br />
strength/stiffness. From there, <strong>Addax</strong> designed and developed the first<br />
and only <strong>com</strong>puter-aided carbon <strong>fiber</strong> roller selection software<br />
available to the industry. The selection software allows the user to input<br />
specific application details and choose the appropriate <strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong><br />
Fiber Roller depending upon their application requirements, such as<br />
web deflection, roller rotational inertia, roller critical frequency, roller<br />
diameter, total roller weight and finally, roller cost. At last, the<br />
development of these tools allows <strong>Addax</strong>’s customers to take full<br />
advantage of the features of carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>rollers</strong>, by using the<br />
selection software found on our website: www.<strong>Addax</strong>.<strong>com</strong>.<br />
In many applications an <strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Roller of a smaller<br />
outside diameter can meet or exceed the same performance properties<br />
of a conventional metal roller, with one exception…the <strong>Addax</strong> Roller will<br />
be lower in weight and rotational inertia. Inherently, <strong>Addax</strong>’s carbon<br />
<strong>fiber</strong> <strong>com</strong>posite material is 1/5 the weight of steel and approximately<br />
1/2 the weight of aluminum; therefore, a decrease in roller diameter<br />
simply increases the weight and rotational inertia differential between<br />
the <strong>Addax</strong> Roller and a metal roller. Ultimately an <strong>Addax</strong> customer no<br />
longer needs to design around the limitations of metals.
<strong>Addax</strong> Standards and Conventions<br />
Web Deflection and Roller Stiffness<br />
To ensure that web wrinkling and web troughing is kept to a<br />
minimum, each <strong>Addax</strong> Roller is selected specifically to an exacting roller<br />
deflection requirement dictated by the application. Web Wrap, Web<br />
Tension and Web Direction, or Nip Pressure and Nip Direction apply a<br />
force or load to the roller. This load directly affects the amount a given<br />
roller will flex or bend. Excessive bending or flexing by a roller is<br />
a direct cause of web wrinkles or gaps between nipped <strong>rollers</strong>. As a<br />
standard minimum requirement, <strong>Addax</strong> has adopted a Class B<br />
roller/web deflection classification as discussed by Dr. David Roisum<br />
in his book The Mechanics of Rollers, published and copyrighted by<br />
Tappi Press, 1996.<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Tube Options<br />
<strong>Addax</strong>’s standard roller product line is available in outside roller<br />
diameters of: 3.00", 4.00", 4.50", 5.00", 5.50", 6.00", 8.00" and<br />
10.00". Depending upon the amount of applied load and the deflection<br />
requirements of the application, each roller diameter is available in a<br />
choice of three unique <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Tube options;<br />
1 x Standard Modulus — Light Load Applications<br />
1 x Ultra High Modulus — Medium Load Applications<br />
2 x Ultra High Modulus — Heavy Load Applications<br />
Furthermore, each carbon <strong>fiber</strong> tube is available with a Standard<br />
Operating Temperature Rating of 180° F (220° intermittent) or in an<br />
Optional Operating Temperature Rating of 300° F (350° intermittent).<br />
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE)<br />
of <strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers remain dimensionally stable over a wide<br />
range of temperatures. As an example, the use of <strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber<br />
Rollers will reduce axial bearing loads in applications with fluctuating<br />
operating temperatures.<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> Roller Coatings and Coverings<br />
Unless otherwise specified by application requirements, customers<br />
may choose between three types of Abrasion-Resistant Coatings.<br />
Essentially, carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>com</strong>posite material is a plastic material,<br />
therefore each <strong>Addax</strong> roller will be provided with a coating or covering<br />
to increase the abrasion resistance of the roller surface and to protect<br />
the integrity of the carbon <strong>fiber</strong> structure. Furthermore, coating or<br />
covering the surface offers an additional benefit by way of sealing the<br />
roller surface to encapsulate any minute carbon <strong>fiber</strong>s. In effect, this<br />
encapsulation ensures that no small <strong>fiber</strong>s are offset to the web or to<br />
other <strong>com</strong>ponents within the machine.<br />
Class B: (<strong>Addax</strong> Standard)<br />
< 0.0015" web deflection for<br />
each inch of web width<br />
• Most idler/guide <strong>rollers</strong>, <strong>com</strong>monly<br />
used in the converting industry<br />
For those applications that require<br />
more stringent web deflection requirements,<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> suggests that our customers follow<br />
Dr. Roisum’s Class A deflection;<br />
Class A:<br />
< 0.00008" web deflection for<br />
each inch of web width<br />
• Precision applications,<strong>com</strong>monly<br />
used in printing applications<br />
Standard Modulus <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Roller<br />
• Longitudinal Direction:<br />
2.1 x 10 -7 in/in/deg.F<br />
• Diametrical Direction:<br />
3.7 x 10 -6 in/in/deg.F<br />
Ultra High Modulus <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Roller<br />
• Longitudinal Direction:<br />
- 4.5 x 10 -7 in/in/deg.F<br />
• Diametrical Direction:<br />
3.8 x 10 -6 in/in/deg.F<br />
www.<strong>Addax</strong>.<strong>com</strong> 5
The <strong>Addax</strong> Advantage SM :<br />
Standard <strong>Addax</strong> HAR (High<br />
Abrasion Resistant) Coatings<br />
• Smooth HAR:<br />
Surface Finish of 64 to 90 µin Ra<br />
• Fine Grit HAR:<br />
Surface Finish equal to 100 grit<br />
sandpaper, 50% open space<br />
between particles<br />
• Coarse Grit HAR:<br />
Surface Finish equal to 60 grit<br />
sandpaper, 50% open space<br />
between particles<br />
• Abrasion Resistance:<br />
16.1mg average loss, Taber<br />
abrasion test CS-17 wheel,<br />
1,000g weight, 1,000 cycles<br />
Optional Coatings and Coverings<br />
(including but not limited to)<br />
• Plasma /Thermal Sprayed<br />
Coatings<br />
• Aluminum oxide<br />
• Chrome oxide<br />
• Tungsten Carbide<br />
• Ceramics<br />
• Elastomer Coverings<br />
• EPDM<br />
• Hypalon<br />
• Neoprene<br />
• Polyurethane<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> Roller<br />
Standard Packaging<br />
• Wood crating provided as standard<br />
for all <strong>Addax</strong> Rollers in quantities<br />
of six or more and over 4.00"<br />
in diameter<br />
• Wood crating provided as standard<br />
for all <strong>Addax</strong> Rollers with<br />
elastomeric coverings.<br />
• Reinforced plastic tubing provided<br />
for all other shipments<br />
6 800.827.9228<br />
With this in mind, <strong>Addax</strong> developed a specialized High Abrasion<br />
Resistant (HAR) coating system that is provided as a standard on each of<br />
our <strong>rollers</strong>. Customers may choose between three types of surface finish<br />
depending upon the application. Optional coatings and coverings are<br />
available as an option if specific properties are required for the application.<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> Roller Conductivity<br />
Unless otherwise specified by the application, every <strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong><br />
Fiber Roller is electrically conductive as defined by the Electronics Industry<br />
Association. This ensures safe operation in cases where static dissipation<br />
is paramount.<br />
• <strong>Addax</strong> Roller Surface Resistivity < 25,000 ohm/square<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> Roller Assembly Tolerances<br />
• Roller Body Machine Tolerances<br />
■ Surface Profile: 0.002" — defined per ASME Y14.5M-1994<br />
■ Circular Runout (bearing seat to roller OD):<br />
0.005" — defined per ASME Y14.5M-1994<br />
• Bearing Fit Tolerances:<br />
■ Bearing Housing Bore Tolerance: M7 — ANSI standard for fits<br />
re<strong>com</strong>mended by Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Assoc,<br />
(AFBMA)<br />
■ Journal/Bearing Seat Tolerance:<br />
• Ø 0.500" to Ø 1.9375": + 0.0000/- 0.0005"<br />
• Ø 2.000" to Ø 3.500": + 0.0000/- 0.0010"<br />
• Bearing Surface Finish: 63 µin Ra—Per Roller Bearing Institute<br />
Re<strong>com</strong>mendation<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> Roller Machine Options<br />
• Crowned Rollers (negative and positive crowns)<br />
• Grooved Rollers (adds 0.070" to nominal diameter of roller)<br />
■ Spiral Air Release Groove<br />
• Standard <strong>Addax</strong> Groove Profile Dimensions:<br />
1/16" wide x 1/32" deep<br />
■ Chevron Groove<br />
• Standard <strong>Addax</strong> Grove Profile Dimensions:<br />
3/8" wide x 1/32" deep<br />
• Perforated<br />
<strong>Addax</strong> Balance Specification<br />
• <strong>Addax</strong> Standard Balance Specification<br />
■ Two plane (dynamic) balance in accordance with ISO 1940 G6.3<br />
• Optional Balancing<br />
■ ISO 1940 G2.5<br />
■ ISO 1940 G1.0
fundamentals of filament winding<br />
The Process<br />
High-speed precise positioning of continuous<br />
reinforcement <strong>fiber</strong> in pre-determined patterns is the basis<br />
of the filament winding method for manufacturing <strong>Addax</strong><br />
carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>rollers</strong>. It is a process in which continuous<br />
resin-impregnated rovings or tows (gathered strands of<br />
carbon <strong>fiber</strong>) are wound over a rotating cylindrical mandrel.<br />
The reinforcement <strong>fiber</strong> may be wrapped either in adjacent<br />
bands or in repeating bands that eventually cover the entire<br />
mandrel surface. This technique has the ability to vary the<br />
winding tension, wind angle, or resin content in each layer<br />
of reinforcement until the desired thickness and resin<br />
content of the <strong>com</strong>posite are obtained with the required<br />
direction and strength.<br />
The filament winding process enables the designer<br />
to custom engineer <strong>com</strong>ponents by placing the exact<br />
mechanical characteristics where needed which allows<br />
the roller design to be optimized for weight, stress concentrations<br />
and fatigue. Torsional stiffness, axial stiffness,<br />
Young’s modulus, tensile strength, proportional elastic limit,<br />
hardness, abrasion and wear resistance, bearing stress<br />
and other properties which may be customized by filament<br />
winding the <strong>fiber</strong>/resin matrix.<br />
Thermoset resins are used as the binders for the<br />
reinforcements and are applied to the dry roving at the time<br />
of winding. This process is referred to as “wet winding.”<br />
The filament wound carbon <strong>fiber</strong> is then cured at elevated<br />
temperatures, without any additional step for <strong>com</strong>paction.<br />
Mandrel removal, cut-to-length, and other finishing<br />
operations <strong>com</strong>plete the roller assembly process.<br />
<strong>Addax</strong>’s largest CNC (Computer Numerically Controlled)<br />
multi-axis winding machine will produce parts 60 inches in<br />
diameter and 46 feet in length. Our CNC filament winding<br />
machines are extremely versatile and accurate. They are<br />
supported by both wind control and pattern generation<br />
software so that any pattern may be programmed,<br />
optimized and set up in the winder in a matter of minutes.<br />
Advantages of Filament Winding<br />
• Accurate repeatability of placement from layer to<br />
layer and from part to part<br />
• Capacity to use continuous <strong>fiber</strong>s over a<br />
whole <strong>com</strong>ponent area (no joints or<br />
splices) and to orient <strong>fiber</strong>s easily<br />
in the load direction<br />
• Large structures can be produced<br />
• High <strong>fiber</strong> volume in finished parts<br />
is obtainable<br />
• Lowest manufacturing costs for<br />
large quantities<br />
• Low material costs because the <strong>fiber</strong>s and resins can<br />
be used in their lowest cost form<br />
The limitations of filament winding have been over<strong>com</strong>e<br />
by continued advancements in <strong>com</strong>puter-controlled winders,<br />
wind software and manufacturing techniques. Overall,<br />
filament winding is the best manufacturing method for<br />
producing high-strength, fatigue-resistant, high-performance<br />
carbon <strong>fiber</strong> <strong>rollers</strong> at affordable prices.<br />
www.<strong>Addax</strong>.<strong>com</strong> 7
<strong>Addax</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fiber Rollers<br />
Features & Benefits<br />
• Low Weight<br />
■ Reduce Bearing Loads<br />
■ Less Vibration<br />
■ Ease of Handling<br />
■ Reduced Bearing Size/Cost<br />
• Corrosion Resistant<br />
■ Suitable for Harsh Environments<br />
■ No Rust Build-Up<br />
• Better Covering/Coating Adhesion<br />
• Low Rotational Inertia<br />
■ Allows for Lower Web Wrap Angles<br />
■ Faster Speed Changes<br />
• Less Web Damage<br />
• Eliminate/Reduce Web Wrap-ups<br />
• Safer and Faster E-Stops<br />
■ Reduce/Eliminate Drive Mechanism<br />
■ Reduce/Eliminate Web<br />
Stretching/Scratching<br />
• Idler Rollers Spin at or Closer to<br />
Web Speed ‚ No “Stalled” Rollers<br />
<strong>Addax</strong><br />
6040 Fletcher Ave.<br />
Lincoln, NE 68507<br />
Phone: 402.325.6000 Toll Free: 800.827.9228<br />
Fax: 402.325.6406<br />
Visit us on-line at www.<strong>Addax</strong>.<strong>com</strong><br />
Bulletin No. 4608<br />
• High Specific Stiffness<br />
■ Longer Roller Length<br />
• Wider Web Widths<br />
■ Less Roller Deflection<br />
• Less Web Deformation<br />
■ Reduced Whip Run Out<br />
• Reduces Web Flutter<br />
■ Decreased Roller Diameter<br />
• Reduces Rotational Inertia<br />
• Higher Critical Speed<br />
■ Faster Line Speeds<br />
• More Production<br />
• Thermal Stability<br />
■ Dimensional Stability over a Wide Range<br />
of Temperatures<br />
©2003 <strong>Addax</strong>, Inc. 4/01 Printed in USA