Handout - The University of Alabama

Pre-Columbian Links to the Caribbean:
Evidence Connecting Cusabo to Taino
Blair A. Rudes
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
A. Map of Cusaboan-speaking Territory (WaddeD 1980:inset)
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Pre-Columbian Links to the Caribbean
Blair A. Rudes, UNC Charlotte
Page 3
E. Taino.like Grammatical Features of Cusaboan
1. Locative Suffix
Cusaboan -bu (-bo(0), as in Cussah : Cussabo, Sewee : Sewee=boo, Westo : Westoe bou)
Island Carib -bu 'at' (Taylor 1977:58)
2- Pluralizer
Cusaboan
Taino
E. Possible Cognate Lexical Item
Cusabo
Taino
F. Taino-like Words in Catawba
-no (in Ypaguano, Stono)
-no 'pluralizer' (Taylor 1977:19; used in fonning the name Taino [Taylor 1977:20])
Toya 'name of a diety (?)' (Laudonniere 1562:314-315)
tay- 'a high ranking lineage' (the base of the name Tamo, Taylor 1977:20)
Catawba sirf'siri- 'rattle, dance rattle, snake's rattle'
Island Carib s{sira '(shaman's) rattle' (Taylor 1977:40)
Catawba
CAIC
Guajiro
t{riri- 'thunder'
ad6ro- 'thunder' (Taylor 1977:38)
atiri- 'thunder' (Taylor 1977:38)
Catawba i-t- 'blood' U-dna?'myblood', t-t?a'?'ourblood')
Island Carib -ita- 'blood' (h£tao'blood', n£ta'my blood') (Taylor 1977:55)
G. Comparison ofProto.Siouan, Catawba and Central American Island-Carib
Pronominal AtrlXes
Proto-Siouan Catawba CAIC
Is *wq-/*w( a)-/*wi- na-/ni-/n- -nar n- -na
2s *yi- (*yi- ?)/*y( a)- Ya-/yi-/y- -yar b- -ba
3s *w(a)-/*i-/*ko- hi-/h- -war I-/t- -i/-u '" -{l
Ip *?{l- ha- -?a.? uA- -ua
2p Wi- -wa? h- -ho
3p i-/a- -war hA- -u, -iq
-i{l,-nu
H. Cusboan Place Names with Possible Taino Etymologies
LAVIS ill
April 16, 2004
AHOYA.(compare Arawak h6i 'prairie, savane' [Taylor 1977:30]) Sixteenth and early seventeenth village near Port Royal
(modem Charleston). Waddell (1980:215) states that "the more COtrectfonn was probably Hoya (and Hoyabe)
because Rogel (1570) was the best source, and the SpanishJrequently prefixed an 'a' to Indian words 'after the
Arabian manner' (Coxe 1741:22)." Ahoya (Bandera 1990a:290), Hoia (White 1585), Hoya (Laudonniere 1562:314),
Oya (Geiger 1937:175)- (Waddell1980:214-216_)
AHOYABE. (compare Arawak h6i 'prairie, savane' [Taylor 1977:30] plus Island Carib -bu 'at' [Taylor 1977:58]). Sixteenth
century village near Port Royal. Note: Waddell (1980:215) states that, "the more correct fO1mwas probably Hoya (and

Pre-Colnmbian Links to the Caribbean
Blair A. Rndes, UNC Charlotte
Page 4
LAVIS ID
April 16, 2004
Hoyabe) because Rogel (1570) was the best source, and the Spanish frequently prefixed an 'a' to Indian words 'after
the Arabian manner' (Coxe 1741:22)." Ahoyabe (Bandera 1990a:293). (WaddeIl1980:85.)
BOHICKET. (compare Taino {bohique) 'medicino' [Taylor 1977:21],El Bojike 'augurcurandero indo-antillano' [ColI y
Toste 1972:8]). Seventeenth century tribe; seventeenth century through present creek. Bohicutt (Mathews 1685),
Bohekit (Dunlop 1687:128), Bohecutt (Anonymous 1707-1711:78-79), Bohicott (Cooper 1836:300-301). (Waddell
1980:95-98.)
HYMAHI. (compareArawakhime'fish', Guaijarohime'fish' [Taylor1977:131,135]).Sixteenthcenturyvillage
somewhere between Santa Elena and Cofitachequi. Aymi (early Spanish explorers, cited in Swanton 1922:37),
Hymahi (RangeI1993:275), Ayamy (Elvas 1993:81), EmaE (Bandera 1990a:259), GuiomaE (Bandera 1990a:259).
KIAWAH.(compare Taino (Cay) 'island' [TLC 1999:C-l] plus (yagua) 'sp. of palm' [Taylor 1977:21]; Taylor 1977:20
gives (caya), (cayo) 'island', but the Taino Dictionary glosses (Cayo) as 'a pass between islands, (cay) island, a pass or
a key' [TLC 1999:C-2];further support for the spelling in the Taino Dictionary comes from the observation that Taino
tends to lose final short vowels as in (giiey) (*[weyD 'sol' [CoIl y Toste 192:22], Karina (True Carib) we.yu 'sun'
[Taylor 1977:143]). Sixteenth and seventeenth century name of Charleston Harbor; sixteenth through eighteenth
century name of a tribe; seventeenth and eighteenth century name of an island, a river and a territory; seventeenth
through nineteenth century name of a creek, eighteenth century name of a plantation. Cayagua (ore 1617-1620:44),
Cayaque (Geiger 1937:109), Cayegua (Ecija 1605), la yagua (Ecija 1605), Keywaha (Sanford 1666:80), Kayawah
(Carteret 1670: 166-168), Keyawah (Mathews 1671:170-171). (Hodge 1910:I.682, WaddeIl1980:221-243.)
ORISTA.(compare Island Carib audo 'town' [Taylor 1977:54] plus *ista, an unidentified partial that also appears in the
name Stono [see below]). Sixteenth through eighteenth century village on the south side of the 'BroadRiver, later
moved to Edisto Island; seventeenth century to present name of an island on Saint Helena Sound; seventeenth century
to present name of a river. Waddell (1980:139) remarks that "[u]nquestionably, Usta, Andusta, and Orista are the
same. 'Usta' is obviously a shortened fonn of 'Audusta' ..." The alternation of the name Usta and Audusta suggests that
the town was called Usta, and Aud- was just the word for town appended before the name. JEdistaw (Woodward
1670:458), Audusta (Laudonniere 1562:310-328), Edistoh (Sanford 1666:62-82), Orista (Bandera 1990a:289), Orixa
(Orix, Ouxa) (early Spanish explorers, cited in Swanton 1922:37), Usta (Rojas 1564:116-123). (Hodge 1910:I.414,
WaddellI980:126-168.)
STONO.(compare the unidentified partial *ista that appears also to be part of the native name for Edisto [see above] and the
Taino plural suffix (-no) [Taylor 1977:19]). Seventeenth through eighteenth century tribe first located on the Stono
_Rivernorth of the Edisto and later on Stono Island, which is now called Seabrook Island. Sixteenth century through
present name of a river. Note that the initial vowel of the name is recorded only in the oldest recording of the name.
Ostano (Ecija 1609), Stonohs (Hilton 1663:20-23), Stono (Mathews 1671:334), Stonoes (Ferguson 1682:13-14),
Stoanoes (Cooper 1836:309). (Hodge 1910:II.643; Wadde111980:302-309.)
TOUPPA.(compare Karina (True Carib) to'pu 'stone', Yao (tapou) 'stone', Wayana tepu 'stone' [Taylor 1977:17]).
Sixteenth century village or tribe on the Broad River near Charleston. Toupa (White 1585), Touppa (Laudonniere
1562:314). (Hodge 1910:II.796, WaddeIl1980:314.)
YPAGUANO. (compare Taino (bagua) 'sea' [Taylor 1977:20] and Taino (-no) "plural suffix" [Taylor 1977:19]). The Etiwan
name for themselves. The initial (Y) may be an unidentified prefix, a separate word fonning a compound, or an
epenthetic element added by the Spanish recorder. Ypaguano (Ecija 1605).
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Pre-Columbian Links to the Caribbean
Blair A. Rudes, UNC Charlotte
Page 5
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April 16, 2004
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