Perceived Self-Efficacy in Health Behaviour Change The Construct of

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Spivak, Kwon & Schwarzer, 2007; Scholz et al., 2005; Schwarzer, Luszczynska, Ziegelmann, Scholz, & Lippke, 2008). Self-Efficacy in Dietary Behaviour Change: Two Studies Perceived self-efficacy is supposed to act as a mediator or as a moderator between intentions and behaviours. Studies are needed to examine the mechanisms that might play a role in different contexts for different samples and different health behaviours. Study I aims at improving dietary self-efficacy and at comparing such self-efficacy interventions with a planning intervention. Our general assumption is that people need a minimum level of perceived self-efficacy for most processes of health behaviour change. Thus, self-efficacy may serve as a moderator of various mediating processes. Study II analyzes whether coping planning (mediator variable) mediates the effect of intentions (independent variable) on dietary behaviour (dependent variable) as a function of self-efficacy levels (moderator). Study I: Improving Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Self-Efficacy Intervention Compared to a Combined Self-Efficacy and Planning Intervention Effects of interventions targeting self-efficacy alone or combined with action plans were examined in the context of fruit and vegetable consumption (Luszczynska, Tryburcy, & Schwarzer, 2007). E-mail messages were sent to a self-efficacy group, a combined selfefficacy and action planning group, and a control group. At a 6-month follow-up, 200 adults reported their fruit and vegetable consumption, along with current levels of self-efficacy and planning. The two experimental groups gained equally from the interventions, as documented by changes in behaviour (see Figure 1). In both intervention groups, change in respective cognitions predicted change in fruit and vegetable consumption. Figure 1. Changes in fruit and vegetable consumption in two intervention groups and the control group
The results also shed light on the working mechanism of these interventions: self-efficacy change mediated the effects of the self-efficacy intervention on change in fruit and vegetable consumption, whereas changes in both self-efficacy and planning mediated the effects of the combined intervention (addressing self-efficacy and planning). The results support Bandura’s (1997) suggestions, showing that an enhancement of self-efficacy by means of verbal persuasion and positive emotion may result in behaviour change. The results are also in line with studies showing that planning interventions may work because they encourage a person to engage in more frequent use of strategy planning. Study II: Moderated Mediation of Dietary Behaviour Change in South Korean Women Previous analyses (Lippke et al., in press) have confirmed the partial mediation of the intention-behaviour relationship by planning, and identified levels of perceived self-efficacy as moderators of this mediation. As this study predicted dietary behaviours, and not behavioural change, the analyses needed to be replicated. This was done in a longitudinal sample of 358 women that responded to two questionnaires six months apart in a study in South Korea (Gutierrez et al., 2009; Renner et al., 2008). Moderated mediation analyses indicated a moderation effect (see Figure 2). The path diagram consists of a mediator model (to explain planning) and a dependent variable model (to explain behaviour). First, intentions emerged as the best predictor of coping planning, followed by the interaction between intentions and self-efficacy, whereas the main effect of self-efficacy was rather negligible, overall accounting for 18% of the planning variance. Second, baseline behaviour was the best predictor of Time 2 low-fat diet, followed by planning, whereas intentions did not make a contribution, overall accounting for 51% of the behaviour variance. Thus, there is a full mediation of the intention-behaviour relation via planning, moderated by self-efficacy. Figure 2. Moderated mediation model for South Korean women This analysis corroborated the hypothesized mediation effect, conditional upon the value of self-efficacy, underscoring the finding that planning translated intentions into behaviour, but not within the subgroup of individuals who had very low levels of self-efficacy.
Page 1 and 2: Perceived Self-Efficacy in Health B
Page 3 and 4: to be the only significant direct p
Page 5: of self-efficacy is expected (see H
Page 9 and 10: Baranowski, T., Baranowski, J., Cul
Page 11 and 12: Renner, B., Spivak, Y., Kwon, S., &

Perceived Self-Efficacy in Health Behaviour Change The Construct of

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?