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indicators measuring whether the voices of female farmers
are heard in farmer forums.
Given the increasingly pluralistic character of exten -
sion systems, many innovations—technological as well as
institutional—will develop. The system needs a mechanism
for monitoring and learning from new, often very local,
practices and experiences, which is a major new task for
extension management. Management will have to be open
to experiences from the private as well as the public sector,
involving all key innovation system stakeholders. Local
good practices can be identified, documented, and then
considered for use on a wider scale through a specific strategy
for scaling up.
The process of scaling up agricultural practices is complex
and influenced by many factors. Scaling up can largely
concern the more quantitative aspects of increasing the
number of farmers adopting or adapting technology to their
own situations, but it can also concern the policy, institutional,
and organizational aspects of implementing a practice
on a wider scale. Based on innovation system concepts,
the factors potentially influencing success in scaling up good
practices need to be analyzed ex ante. 4
MODULE 3: OVERVIEW 193