attitudes of parents towards their mentally retarded children: a rural ...

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I1PACT OF SOCIALlENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON A MENTALLY ETARDED CHILD uralenvironDlent ealth sel"Vlces such as occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech therapy and psychological services are generally limited or not available in rura1 areas. Also transport to such services is a limitation. Without these services it becomes almost impossible to assess and treat individuals with disabilities. As a result these individuals may lose out on provisions made by the state to assist them such as the single care grant. Socio-economic factors A family's socio-economic status plays a major role in the well being ofa mentally retarded child. The family income will determine factors such as the type ofhousing, eating habits, child rearing practises and the type ofmedical treatment that can be afforded. Thus a low socio-economic status will impact negatively on the type and quality ofcare a mentally retarded child receives. Islam, Durkin and Zaman (1993) found in their study ofthe socio-economic status and prevalence of mental retardation in Bangladesh that the prevalence of mild mental retardation was strongly and significantly associated with low socio-economic status (8E8), while the association for severe mental retardation was weak and not significant. The sample included in this study was 2 to 9 year old children from the five regions of Bangladesh. A two-phase study design was followed in each 25
community. In the first phase, a house to house survey was conducted, and all 2 to 9 year old children j were screened for disability. Information on a variety of indicators of (SES) such as parental education and occupation, land ownership, household possessions and housing conditions was ,collected. The second phase included the referral ofall children with positive screening results and a I Irandom sample of 8% of those who screened negative for professional evaluation of mental I 'retardation. Some ofthe factors that were found to have high factor loading on a single factor and to be internally consistent, with an alpha coefficient of .79 were: mother's education; father's education; main occupation ofhead ofhousehold and ownership number ofhousehold possessions (such as radio, television, bicycle, motor cycle, boat, cow and others) and housing conditions (number of rooms, individuals per room, floor material, source of drinking water and electricity). The authors of the above-mentioned study state that their findings is consistent with that of observations in developed countries ofa strong association between the prevalence ofmild mental retardation and low (SES) and a weaker or possibly no association between the prevalence of severe mental retardation and low (SES). Cultural factors An individuals cultural and religious belief will impact significantly on their attitudes towards people with mental retardation. According to Sibaya (1993) the Black man's way of life was pervaded with strict attachment to prescriptions and his outstanding characteristic was order. Any deviation from the established norms and rules was subject to correction, discipline and extinction. Thus implicit in this desire for order and coherence was the fear and intolerance for the odd and unusual. Hence the birth of ins was an unusual occurrence; sickly, malformed children (e.g. severely mentally retarded) and a 26
Page 1 and 2: ATTITUDES OF PARENTS TOWARDS THEIR
Page 3 and 4: iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES CHAPTER
Page 5 and 6: v DECLARATION I hereby declare that
Page 7 and 8: vii Mrs P.J. Stead, Principal of Th
Page 9 and 10: ix ABSTRACT This study examined att
Page 12 and 13: Emotionally, the greatest risk to w
Page 15 and 16: • • a person who has adopted a
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE R
Page 20 and 21: authorities built, refurbished ad a
Page 22 and 23: 901 in England there had been a cha
Page 24: iminality, the 'poor white' and oth
Page 28 and 29: .1ost individuals with profound men
Page 31 and 32: non-scholars who were optimistic ab
Page 33: isagreed that work should be a nonn
Page 37 and 38: In traditional Zulu culture, accord
Page 39 and 40: heir "significant others" do not ev
Page 41 and 42: According to Grebler (1952) it is a
Page 43 and 44: urden on the family, etc.. However,
Page 45: According to Weinger (1999) sibling
Page 48 and 49: eceptive to their employability. Ho
Page 50 and 51: THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION, SOCIAL AND
Page 52 and 53: implementers to construct strategie
Page 54 and 55: mentally retarded children whose pa
Page 56 and 57: Education and Culture, one would as
Page 58 and 59: CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Maku
Page 60 and 61: TABLE 2 - Distribution ofsubjects f
Page 62 and 63: Procedure Research questions were d
Page 64: CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Page 67: 90 80 70 60 III Gl Cl 50 l'll ..C G
Page 71: Disappointment Figure 6 shows that
Page 76 and 77: RECOMMENDATION An attempt should be
Page 78 and 79: Brown, L. (Ed) (1993). The new shor
Page 81 and 82: Islam, S.; Durkin, M.S. & Zaman, S.
Page 83 and 84: McKeith, R. (1973). The feelings an
Page 85 and 86:
Seyfarth, l.; Hill, l.W.; Orelove,
Page 87:
Weinger, S. (1999). Views ofthe chi
Page 91:
APPENDIX A 37.1 think that in the f
Page 99 and 100:
7) One ofthe bad things about raisi
Page 101:
34) When others are around my menta
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