JAR 23

(3) The wing flaps in the landing position; and
(4) A climb speed equal to VREF, as defined in JAR 23.73 (b).
(c) For each commuter category aeroplane, the steady gradient of climb must not be less than 3·2% with -
(1) Not more than the power that is available 8 seconds after initiation of movement of the power
controls from the minimum flight idle position;
(2) Landing gear extended;
(3) Wing flaps in the landing position; and
(4) A climb speed equal to VREF, as defined in JAR 23.73 (c).
JAR 23.141 General
Flight Characteristics
The aeroplane must meet the requirements of JAR 23.143 to 23.253 at all practical loading conditions and all
operating altitudes, not exceeding the maximum operating altitude established under JAR 23.1527, for which
certification has been requested, without requiring exceptional piloting skill, alertness or strength.
JAR 23.143 General
Controllability and Manoeuvrability
(a) The aeroplane must be safely controllable and manoeuvrable during all flight phases including -
(1) Take-off;
(2) Climb;
(3) Level flight;