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Committee Of Directors Preface Introduction Chapter 1 : Pre‐Islamic Indian Thought Supplement Chapter 2 : Pre‐Islamic Chinese Thought Chapter 3 : Pre‐Islamic Iranian Thought Chapter 4 : Greek Thought Supplement Chapter 5 : Alexandrio Syriac Thought Chapter 6 : Pre Islamic Arabian Thought Chapter 7 : Philosophical Teachings of the Qur’an Supplement Chapter 8 : Ethical Teachings of the Qur’an Supplement A History of Muslim Philosophy Author : M.M. Sharif Chapter 9 : Economic and Political Teachings of the Qur’an Presented by http://www.alhassanain.<strong>com</strong> & http://www.islamicblessings.<strong>com</strong>
Page 4: Chapter 10 : Mu’tazalism Chapter
Page 8: Professor M. Abdul Hye, Vice‐Prin
Page 12: their respective life‐histories.
Page 16: This shows that there is "no univer
Page 20: systems on philosophies and philoso
Page 24: day writers criticism of them is pe
Page 28: civilizations and cultures follow o
Page 32: from within itself an ideal (antith
Page 36: Book Two to philosophical teachings
Page 40: It is greatly regretted that there
Page 44: gods. Again, Indra is described as
Page 48: In addition to these, there is a ho
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within that, in the mystery of the
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The aim is to reach a stage of ecst
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contracted military alliance with g
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"Giving up or carrying on one's wor
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terms of these elements. The self i
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The spirits called jivas are eterna
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in possession of the object of his
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epresenting Buddhism, faithfully be
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e accounted for on no other hypothe
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isolation, the summum bonum of yogi
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ascribes the inequalities of the wo
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same end. Its object is to cleanse
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According to the Nyaya, a notion or
Page 104:
The Influence of Islam on Hinduism
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[11] Ibid., i: 45, 2. [12] Ibid., i
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[50] Zimmer. op. cit., p. 293. [51]
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First, a few words with respect to
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the artificial, and in their primit
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concerned with problems of metaphys
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few will deny. Too great a reliance
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This may be an example of "pure spe
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weight to be given to its philosoph
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Primary Sources Fung Yu‐lan, A Hi
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The almost insoluble problems raise
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Righteousness), Vohu Manah (Good Th
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hymns or legal and canonical texts
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that, in Mazdaic thought, the Absol
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In Mazdaic anthropology, according
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We said that the Gathas do not ment
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Mazdah in His choosing, "acting" as
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4. Time and Cycle With regard to th
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order to avoid a possible destructi
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school seems also to have shown a t
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[7] Bundahishn; I. 32. [8] Cf. Bund
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dell' Iran, Bologna, 1920; C. Barth
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GREEK PHILOSOPHY IN THE MAINLAND AN
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touch the same material substance t
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He is said to have visited Egypt an
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The way of opinion is the way of un
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impossible. Therefore there is no r
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ather a reflection of fire like tha
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The earth is flat and stays suspend
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It is flat but tilted downward towa
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Euripides produced their tragedies,
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From the purely philosophical point
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Opinions greatly differ in moral ma
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particulars. It is a gradual proces
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Creator, obeying the Father's order
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only hymns to the gods and praise o
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included in the community meals of
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The mental representations of the e
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There are things in existence that
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child or slave or poverty‐stricke
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polity in which the citizens are po
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did not like him and even beat him
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Epicurus identified happiness with
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[23] Ibid., VII, 7. [24] Metaphysic
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Rome, carrying their doctrines with
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The metaphysics of the Neo‐Pythag
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distinguished the world‐builder a
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while the former lifts you out of t
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Other schools outside Jewish circle
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sometimes the other and says things
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Plotinus has another way to explain
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intellectual world. Then there is f
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nevertheless exercised a potent inf
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Isagoge, the "Table of Porphyry," A
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and unable to support settled commu
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shippers, the god contenting himsel
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temple is said to have contained as
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and were seeking another more satis
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moral ideas, which may be briefly d
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were extending their sphere of infl
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understand. [15] These attributes a
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It is He who gives life and death a
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possessed of the highest excellence
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intellect is to know truth from err
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God reveals His signs not only in t
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[322] the earth shall be shaken to
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the righteous in the life hereafter
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[32] Ibid., xxiii, 91‐92. [33] Ib
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[72] Ibid., xx, 53. [73] Ibid., xli
Page 380:
[112] Ibid., vi, 59. [113] Ibid., x
Page 384:
[151] Ibid., xxxii, 7. [152] Ibid.,
Page 388:
[191] Ibid., ii, 30. [192] Ibid., x
Page 392:
[230] Ibid., iii, 137‐39. [231] I
Page 396:
[265] Ibid., iii, 35‐37, 42‐51;
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[304] Ibid., iii, 145; xxi, 35 [305
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[343] Ibid., vi, 51. [344] Ibid., x
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As it has been explained in the pre
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[50] cover evil with pardon, [51] a
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Truth or Wisdom ‐ Wisdom as a hum
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elievers that they are compassionat
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Qur'an as unbecoming a true believe
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[274] to be arrogant against God, [
Page 432:
Vice ‐ Against goodness the Qur'a
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[412] which benefits their own soul
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followed them, as they are all with
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[38] Ibid., ii, 143. [39] Ibid., vi
Page 448:
[76] Ibid., xl, 51; x1vii, 7. [77]
Page 452:
[116] Ibid., lviii, 11. [117] Ibid.
Page 456:
[156] Ibid., ii, 28; iv, 144; v, 60
Page 460:
[195] Ibid., iv, 117. [196] Ibid.,
Page 464:
[235] Ibid., xe, 4. [236] Ibid., lx
Page 468:
[275] Ibid., xliv, 19. [276] Ibid.,
Page 472:
[315] Ibid., ii, 11. [316] Ibid., i
Page 476:
[349] Qur'an, vii, 10; xxxvi, 45‐
Page 480:
[389] Ibid., xi, 90. [390] Ibid., v
Page 484:
[427] Qur'an, v,.96. [428] Ibid., x
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2. On the basis of the aforesaid tr
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It is sometimes tried to conclude f
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(j) "God has permitted trade and fo
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"You will never attain piety until
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[48] Zakat is not only for the good
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17. The Qur'anic rule with regard t
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"They ask you what they should spen
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precedents came into existence. But
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(c) The right to rule belongs to Go
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8. The powers of a true Caliphate d
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(b) The Qur'an does not give us any
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(c) They must give unstinted suppor
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purpose and a mission. It must posi
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[15] Qur'an, ii, 283. [16] Ibid., i
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[39] Ibid., ii, 195. [40] Ibid., v,
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[61] Qur'an, ix, 60. [62] Verses 7
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[93] Ibid., xlii, 38. [94] Ibid., i
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Sunan; ibn Majah, Sunan al‐Mustaf
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Now, from the basic beliefs of unit
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originated work of God and it came
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needless to ask for it, and if the
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SOME LEADING MU'TAZILITES In presen
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actions, the whole edifice of Shari
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Magian, and Allaf. Allaf inquired o
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occurrence of evil or the power to
Page 588:
(4) Latency and Manifestation (Kumu
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essence and the attribute of action
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Why strain thyself by stretching th
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(4) Christians, Jews, and Magians,
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of another obeys him." The Imam ans
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attribute is identical with His ess
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in His doing so; and when it is sai
Page 616:
Encycdopaedia of Islam, prepared un
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surroundings. So, as time went on,
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Some of the pupils of these older A
Page 628:
Ihya [12]as the "Principles of Fait
Page 632:
The Ash'arites, as against the Mu't
Page 636:
action and has complete freedom in
Page 640:
evelation. Revelation, thus, is the
Page 644:
Zahirites (extreme orthodox schools
Page 648:
moon." They further contended that
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the actual action takes place. Man,
Page 656:
have a cause, and as no contingent
Page 660:
along certain lines. Each monad has
Page 664:
subjective illusions. In reply to t
Page 668:
[6] Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al‐A'y
Page 672:
[46] Ibid., p. 128. [47] Al‐Maqam
Page 676:
His original contribution to Hadith
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As regards the relation between fai
Page 684:
As regards intercession, Imam abu H
Page 688:
the interpretation of the ambiguous
Page 692:
It was Jahm who, in order to oppose
Page 696:
time he asserted that qadar does no
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theology and law and his system exe
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[12] Al‐Wasiyyah, p. 2; Sharh al
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[47] Al‐Nawawi, op. cit., Vol. II
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Chapter 13 : Maturidism Maturidism
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In recognition of his scholarship a
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Mu'tazilites of Basrah. But it appe
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and criterion of truth. He also doe
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therefore, should be interpreted in
Page 732:
God wills and creates human actions
Page 736:
As regards the relation between div
Page 740:
the existence of God. As God is kno
Page 744:
[4] Al‐Sam'ani, op. cit., fol. 49
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[35] Ibid., pp. 117 et sqq. [36] Ib
Page 752:
Since the second/eighth century, an
Page 756:
Perhaps it is not very strange that
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wage for craftsmanship. Furthermore
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his death it died away. In reality,
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(c) Proof (burhan), which goes back
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In his theory of knowledge, ibn Haz
Page 776:
we may ascribe to Him one hand, two
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man to introduce ibn Hazm's works i
Page 784:
[24] Muslims perform five prayers p
Page 788:
[59] Asin, p. 299; cf. pp. 297‐30
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efuge from the struggle that was ra
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only dramatic because it helped the
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added to knowledge of the essence o
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subsequent number. [38] This dexter
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heavenly bodies are made up of a fi
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around him but were unworthy of thi
Page 816:
never that of exhaustiveness and sy
Page 820:
having independent centres. Aristot
Page 824:
Furthermore, when those four elemen
Page 828:
6. Politics (1) The Ikhwan al‐Saf
Page 832:
Anything which should be done, if d
Page 836:
The idea of Platonic love contamina
Page 840:
[6] Jami’ah, i, pp. 169f.; ii, pp
Page 844:
[45] Rasa’il, i, p. 331; ii, pp.
Page 848:
[79] Rasa’il, ii, p.24. [80] Ibid
Page 852:
[119] Rasa’il, i, pp, 229‐38, 2
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