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RIB FUSITXIN OF m I A N E ZINC WINES m RIB BEGIomL 5mm.Z
2.1 IAWation The Newfoundland Zinc Mines deposlt near Daniel's Herbur lien stratabound within the upper part of the Lower Ordovician st. George Gmup. These sedimentary carbonates are distributed along the northwest coast of Nevfovr~~land (Fig. 1.1). The St. George Group is part of an autochthonous or parautoohthonous sequence of Wm-Ordovician shallow water platformal sediolents which rest unmnformably on ca. I billion year old Grenvillian basement of high grade granite-gneiss. An allach- thonous ersdlage of niddle Ordovician Taconic thrust slices of coeval deep-water sedhents and ophiolitss locally covers ths autochthon in the vicioitles of the Bay of Islands and Hare Bay (Pigs. 1.1. 1.2). This unrpr Palsomic tectono-stratigraphic terrene is referrsd to as the Hunber Zone (William, 1978). Silum-Devonian Acedian structures deform this trctono-stratigraph- IC sequence. me Long Range Inlier consists of basmnt rocks that were uplifted as a northeart-oriented fault block. Paleozoic nedimnts in surrounding lowlands are gently folded, 1acall.l thmstad and diaoecred by nunternus deep faults. Allochthons occupy structural depressions north and south of this basmnt inlier. Resistart-weathering ophic- lites form spectacular table-top highlands in these terrains. carbon- iferous sediment- unconformably overlie the muer Paleozoic terra"* in the south. They fill pull-apart barins that developed in the vicinity of veer Lake end St. George Bey (Knight, 1983; iiyda et a1, 19881 (Fig. 1.1).
Page 3 and 4: m*m !:6yAy~ru Kiiolheque mciaie du
Page 6 and 7: SUBJECT CATEGORIES REPRINTS Y " W 1
Page 8 and 9: The sphalsrlte deposit at Newfoundl
Page 10 and 11: stages along frastum zones es fract
Page 12 and 13: .ining, drilling programs and a com
Page 14 and 15: VOlAJME I UBSTWLCT ADOsnn~NTS TDBLE
Page 16 and 17: 3.5.2 Depositional Enviromnt 3.6 We
Page 18 and 19: 5.13 Implications of hsoc Elenent G
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 11 PRE-ORE EPIGENETIC DOLOS
Page 22 and 23: mamn 14 SYN~IESIS OF mmsE W~STONEJ
Page 24 and 25: able 3.1 Stretigraph10 Nmenciatvre
Page 26 and 27: Figure 4.7 isopach map of tne middl
Page 28 and 29: Fiwre 12.4 moss-section thmugh the
Page 30 and 31: XX iv Plate 11.2 Spnaierite Ore Hab
Page 32: Pirure 1.1 Location and Geologic Ma
Page 35: Fig;rr 1.2 St~.atig~aphy of the Aut
Page 39 and 40: Nzn is situated in a fault hlmk def
Page 41 and 42: AREA OF NEWFOUNDLAND ZINC MINES MIK
Page 43 and 44: A CROSS-SECTION OF DOLOSTONE BODIES
Page 45 and 46: production is 1975. Wining and expl
Page 47 and 48: aqpects of the largar topic. The in
Page 52 and 53: zinc mncrsl~zation aa sphaleritc is
Page 54 and 55: dol.mltieed, peritidal redinmnta of
Page 56 and 57: !ndllnleyrr, 1911; oallrneyer and H
Page 58 and 59: mineralizd intervals Include: (1) g
Page 60 and 61: IRGE GROUP
Page 62 and 63: with dolmite-chert brecslas (Knight
Page 64 and 65: The entire formation is dolmitized
Page 66: ~lgure 2.2 liostratigraphy of the S
Page 69 and 70: atfizns the late Canadian age of th
Page 71 and 72: mudstones, peloidel pramstones, sma
Page 73: alrle Point mrmation belong to the
Page 76 and 77: The follnvlng discussion describes
Page 79 and 80: 3.2 suatigcaphic mntml and nevi- of
Page 82 and 83: ST. GEORGE GROUP TABLE 33 STRATIGRA
Page 84: plate 3.2 Middle Catashe Formation
Page 87 and 88: diverse associated banthnnic fauna
Page 89 and 90: 3.6.1 Litholwies Peloidal grains fo
Page 92 and 93: - ~hr collective presenss of peloid
Page 94 and 95: (I) Chsrts - t%w tmes of chert occu
Page 96 and 97: I% OWED WACKESTONE T" I PELOIDAL GR
Page 98 and 99: (2) As sea level ria* drowned the s
Page 100 and 101:
many beds call be correlated beyond
Page 102 and 103:
____Y.,l. ..G
Page 105:
~ia'e 4.1 %r,athune Porntion - hini
Page 108 and 109:
dololminltes, exeept for gruptolite
Page 110 and 111:
(5) Cherts - chert iv comnly bssoci
Page 113 and 114:
paztially cemnteil by chalcedony. M
Page 115 and 116:
Yig~lrr 4.3 H~rltigeneiatlonal brec
Page 117 and 118:
~;lssls; (4) up to 30% late silica
Page 119:
Figure 1.4 vertical Distribution of
Page 122 and 123:
urrwed bed. The mar Wgiiiite morkcr
Page 124 and 125:
TABLE POINT MINE NW GRAVELS IDDH 96
Page 126 and 127:
also precipitated f m the brines; p
Page 128 and 129:
Internretation s~btidniblntertidal
Page 130 and 131:
100 subtidal/ intertidal units burr
Page 132 and 133:
follow~d by accretion of laminitas.
Page 134 and 135:
&er. Plirck brm-wttied feci-3 in th
Page 136 and 137:
a ag- 3 ;- % g- a II Hi- ; !- z w o
Page 139 and 140:
srghlricant emsional relief of up t
Page 141 and 142:
(1) Massive, finely crvstal1ir.e do
Page 143:
plate 4.3 chert Pebble Beds above t
Page 146 and 147:
lnneine sheet flmds over the hard c
Page 149 and 150:
1.6.5 Depeitional Inyimmsnt " The S
Page 151 and 152:
Fo!.matiun). The sc3inmts were depo
Page 153:
the platform into a foredeep (Stenz
Page 156 and 157:
This chapter describes the dtrogrsp
Page 158:
dolomite powders were determined re
Page 162 and 163:
~ m p l e with ~ varying Nacl r 11,
Page 165 and 166:
*. purple tm crystals of blcmite 1
Page 168:
Plate 5.3 Dolomites I and I1 a. Dvl
Page 171:
llgvre 5.7. Isotr,pe and Fluid Incl
Page 174 and 175:
' (PI. 5.3a,
Page 176 and 177:
and Iimencslone diegenesis. Calcite
Page 178:
a. C-site "Cm' crystals with cloudy
Page 181 and 182:
he rtoisnimerric (51 wle % CeCO.1 d
Page 183 and 184:
Fe AND Mn IN ZONED DOLOMITE Ill
Page 185 and 186:
alonr faults in lower parts of the
Page 188 and 189:
E. Xenotopic, replacement saddle da
Page 190 and 191:
FLUID INCLUSION TEMPERATURES SADDLE
Page 192 and 193:
Petroqraphx and Distribution - Iwrt
Page 194:
a. "late 5.6 Fluid Inclusions in Sa
Page 198 and 199:
la) White, tlensiucant void-filling
Page 200 and 201:
-- Fluid Inclusions - Typical, low
Page 202 and 203:
Cathodolminessence - Oolmita VI is
Page 204 and 205:
enriched in 6'"O and depleted in 6'
Page 206:
Figure 5.5 Isotopic Ueta for Late P
Page 209:
Piguce 5.6 Paragenetic Sequence Cha
Page 212 and 213:
li17 diagenetic stages and other ev
Page 214 and 215:
Figure 5.1 Pluid Inclusion Saliniti
Page 216 and 217:
186 two or mre separate fluids as s
Page 218 and 219:
A. EARLY DOLOMITES 6. EPlGENETlC DO
Page 220 and 221:
equation: WjR = log. (6,.~,,., + a
Page 222 and 223:
WATERIROCK RATIO CURVES FOR VARIABL
Page 224 and 225:
saline pore fluids at 10'C end init
Page 226 and 227:
Port-tectonic fault-mlat.4 dolcrait
Page 228 and 229:
hwrver, crystellired at depth long
Page 230 and 231:
,.. 7,> rnv l~\eJilrn ~~em~orpl~ls
Page 232 and 233:
quigranuiar crystals, which replace
Page 234 and 235:
?O.I ~olc~~nila IV - upper catmhe c
Page 236 and 237:
increased fluid-mck IRKLiM, cooling
Page 238:
Plate 6.1 Colaur Phases of Sphaleri
Page 242:
ig~~n 6.1 paregenesis of Pigenetic
Page 245:
a. riare 6.2 Early Pyrite, Rerl and
Page 248 and 249:
6.1 ~a.1~ Red sphlerite Petrwraph~
Page 250 and 251:
Crystal rosettes, 5 fo 20 m in diam
Page 252:
Pisure 5.1 Fluid Inclueion Dab from
Page 255:
a. Gmth layers of prismatic crystal
Page 258:
Figure 6.3 Distribution of Fluid In
Page 261 and 262:
SPAR BRECCIA 1:iD"E:ED51'A%n YELLOW
Page 263:
a. Plale 6.4 bate Sphalerites Mediu
Page 266 and 267:
~.lgure 6.5 variation of Late Sphel
Page 268 and 269:
-- Evidence of - Yellow-brawn sphal
Page 270 and 271:
-- Fluid Inclusions - One to Lventy
Page 272 and 273:
lrlate b.5 Mtt-Ore Sulphates, Sulph
Page 274 and 275:
lnlficant trace olmnt abundance=. 6
Page 276 and 277:
40.0 n * 39.0 P m N 88.0 TABLE HEAD
Page 278 and 279:
GALENA WlTH EARLY RED SPHALERITE GA
Page 280 and 281:
&ring oxidation ot formational flui
Page 282 and 283:
Petrwra~h,hp and Distribution - Euh
Page 284 and 285:
mmpling across tho nine urea is nee
Page 286 and 287:
Ute red sphelerite is "aiatively de
Page 288 and 289:
crystallization of sulphides sulphu
Page 290 and 291:
thtough the sedimentary pile (~uind
Page 292:
cd 0: mineralization in both early
Page 296 and 297:
A ~1088-~.~0ti0n aembs the L Zone o
Page 298 and 299:
COMPARISON OF DOLOMrrE AND DOLOSTON
Page 300 and 301:
170 above the St. George Uncontomit
Page 302:
Qiqura 7.2 Dlatribution of the five
Page 305:
Figure 7.3 A pmEile of flne rock-mt
Page 309 and 310:
fault zones (Figs. 4.6, 6.7, 1.3).
Page 312 and 313:
e. Oligwict breccia. Catoshe Fomtio
Page 314 and 315:
stylolites separate fragments and p
Page 317 and 318:
TABLE 7.2 BRECCIA TYPES VARIETY OF
Page 319 and 320:
TABLE 7.3 BODY TYPES OF ROCK-MATRIX
Page 321 and 322:
Tile lower nrelabsr of the Armathun
Page 323 and 324:
ceussd subsidence of the lower mbsr
Page 325 and 326:
4) Chinw B-c& - Chimney-shaped brec
Page 327 and 328:
247 Fracturing and ~ubsvrface karat
Page 329 and 330:
EVOLUTION OF KARST BRECCIAS
Page 331 and 332:
8.1 Intmhlction me formatinn of ear
Page 334 and 335:
secondary pores in these dolastones
Page 336 and 337:
P~(JUIE 8.2 Dlbtribation of Deep Di
Page 338 and 339:
llared on detailed petrographic rel
Page 341 and 342:
Strnta'nd complexes of epigenetlc,
Page 343 and 344:
Figtllo 9.1 llpp:~ Catoshs Doloston
Page 345:
'lrure 9.2 Rciatiollahip between Sp
Page 349:
~iqure 9.4 ~istribution or bate Fau
Page 352 and 353:
10.1 Relative We Rslatiships ot Str
Page 354 and 355:
trending reverse and thrust faults
Page 357:
Piaura 10.2 structure of ths East L
Page 361:
~igur~: 10.4 ~istribution of ~yper
Page 365 and 366:
'omation. Mineralized velns ore rel
Page 368:
;I. Piate lo. I Veins and Vein-Brrs
Page 372 and 373:
Thlee gemrations of structures, whi
Page 374:
~igure 10.8 orientation of Veins in
Page 377 and 378:
~~gure 10.8 r.mss-ncction of a vein
Page 379 and 380:
fractures and hrecdos. Both Saddle
Page 381 and 382:
tant but subordinate roles. Dolosto
Page 383 and 384:
~lo~tone beds at "30" end "66". 357
Page 385:
Ylgure 11.1 Evolution of Cwrsc Matr
Page 388 and 389:
12.2 Sphalsrite Boaiea: meir Intern
Page 391 and 392:
Flgvre 12.2 Mngitudinsl Profile of
Page 393:
~bfe 12.1 DisLribution of Sphheieri
Page 396:
~iyure 12.3 Detailed Zinc Grade Dis
Page 399:
a. Platr 12.2 Sphalerite Ore Habits
Page 402 and 403:
covity-base precipitates ere also t
Page 404 and 405:
1741 pervaled unironly pr011s dolos
Page 407 and 408:
13.2~. he footwall and, In places,
Page 409 and 410:
,, ,D,ISTMUTION OF EARLY AND LATE S
Page 411 and 412:
WLPHlDE ZCNAilON, LONG HDLE SIOPE.
Page 413 and 414:
Steqe 2, Red Wmlerita - early red s
Page 415 and 416:
12.4, 12.6). A two stage dcveiopmen
Page 417 and 418:
the area. The diseontinurms nature
Page 419 and 420:
(Iv) attd sphalerite overprint styl
Page 421 and 422:
ulphide precipitation sa regionally
Page 423 and 424:
pul.oua dolostanes along multiple t
Page 425 and 426:
DEFORMATION MODEL FOR GROUND PREPAR
Page 427 and 428:
Thus, Wann to hot ore fluids poaaib
Page 429 and 430:
CCR 10 -40 - 50 TRANSPORT ' pH META
Page 431 and 432:
DTEomtional events cnated fracture
Page 433 and 434:
solution oE carbonates; (3) apparsn
Page 435 and 436:
~igurc 13.1 Regional Distribution o
Page 437 and 438:
contrast to the local occurrenca of
Page 439 and 440:
13.3.1 Definition TI!= mck nmd pseu
Page 442 and 443:
e. Cumd planar hndrries (arrou) mnt
Page 445 and 446:
,?. 1xmal ic!bra fabrics nsmc1iAr.d
Page 448 and 449:
. coarse spnrry dolostone matrix (g
Page 451 and 452:
13.3.2 cqetal T-s of PeeudDbncda .1
Page 453 and 454:
P~a~dobm~~lil Is widespread in the
Page 455 and 456:
madium Erystalline gray &lortonc. T
Page 457 and 458:
I FABRIC ELEMENTS OF PSEUDOBRECCIA
Page 459 and 460:
429 fluids, are reduced in pisc fmn
Page 461 and 462:
431 by saddle dolaoite. l'hs.grsy d
Page 463 and 464:
igurc 13.1 Evolution of Pseudobrecc
Page 465 and 466:
435 nf tletrea thmugh adarae gray d
Page 467 and 468:
woluding pore-centre cements. nn (6
Page 469 and 470:
open dur~ng the four'stage precipit
Page 471 and 472:
1.11 paeudobrec~ia beds, Which also
Page 474 and 475:
lw metres in diarnetm by M to 50 m
Page 476 and 477:
19191. Flllld pmasure could have bu
Page 478 and 479:
1.10 betwoen pseudobreccia and lime
Page 480 and 481:
trosture conduits adjacent to react
Page 482:
8~guro 13.5 Lalc Galmitization (YII
Page 485 and 486:
13.8.2 Intqzetstim Ssddle doldter i
Page 487 and 488:
saddle dolomite. Discoldant gray do
Page 489 and 490:
,159 fracturing during fluid migrat
Page 491 and 492:
ing coarse crystalline sphalerite a
Page 493 and 494:
Fracturing as the sudden decrease i
Page 495 and 496:
igration and mture of the fluids ha
Page 497 and 498:
free of H,S and precipitate sulphid
Page 499 and 500:
igure 14.1 schematic rross-section
Page 501 and 502:
Figure 11.2 Fault dnd Stratigraphic
Page 503 and 504:
the basin during R them1 peak. ~nit
Page 505 and 506:
mring the deposition of the upper S
Page 507 and 508:
a. MIDDLE ClTOCWl FORYATloH b. UPPE
Page 509 and 510:
,119 extensive rtratabovnd dissolut
Page 512 and 513:
and fracture systems fomd as anothe
Page 514 and 515:
PTimry lithology and fracture linea
Page 516 and 517:
Host dolostone beds in the mine ace
Page 518 and 519:
tines and lneteorio vaterr that mig
Page 520 and 521:
deformtion generated regionel metam
Page 522 and 523:
hydrothermal fluids into the upper
Page 524 and 525:
sphalerite canplexcs. These "open w
Page 526 and 527:
v. 50, p. 371-394. AILSTEM, K.L. an
Page 528 and 529:
Carbonate ressrvoirs as Illustrated
Page 530 and 531:
H~mn and Energy, Repor6 86-1, p. lb
Page 532 and 533:
nmpuFTm, P.W., 1971, Late ?err-n do
Page 534 and 535:
Daniel's Ilarboar. western Newfound
Page 536 and 537:
drp*ition.,?uert. Jwr. cwi. w iety,
Page 538 and 539:
New 'fork, b33p. POLBY, N.K., SINWI
Page 540 and 541:
CaINES, A.M., 1980, Dalmitieation K
Page 542 and 543:
GRBNIER, R. and C A W , P.. 1988, V
Page 544 and 545:
Scl~uol of Mines Quarterly. v. 82,
Page 546 and 547:
HITCHON. 8.. 1969, Fluid flow in we
Page 548 and 549:
fra~tion&l'eryatallisatlon, adcwlur
Page 550 and 551:
Geol. bsac. of Canada. Geosclence C
Page 552 and 553:
KNIGHT, I., lPBbb, Geology of the P
Page 554 and 555:
WWD, L.S., 1987, Basinal doldtirati
Page 556 and 557:
14. P. l87;196. UIVERINO, P.S., 196
Page 558 and 559:
Spec. ~ubl: 36, p. 223-210. WORE, G
Page 560 and 561:
5.80 tion, hotspbt tracks end miner
Page 562 and 563:
PRUTT, B.R., 1982,. Limestone respo
Page 564 and 565:
I A ~ smaiun, O 9- Bird. utah, p. 4
Page 566 and 567:
Misniaaippi Islley-type zinc-lead d
Page 568 and 569:
?:I11 SIBmY, D.P., 19S9, mlanite st
Page 570 and 571:
'140 SlOUGP, S.S., 1982,'Praliminar
Page 572 and 573:
yold exploration in Newloundland. I
Page 574 and 575:
WATSON, I.M., 190, mniel's nerbour,
Page 576 and 577:
views - dlsc~ssion. Jmr. of Sed. Pc
Page 582 and 583:
APPENDIX C X-RAY DIFFRACTION DATA F
Page 585 and 586:
EWlY Red 61-63.3 37 0.02 1.9-7.0 0.
Page 587 and 588:
Early Yellow ZnS 8-1 0.5 0.1 1.0 fl
Page 589 and 590:
Cw~tal m e Early UI1site mlmite III
Page 591 and 592:
CNSW Twe g0nrnh Ro. % V O ~ ~ B lad
Page 593 and 594:
mt.1 m e '--h 'Pn Ih Late calcite K
Page 595:
;'RILL HOLE 482, SOUTH OF THE L ZON
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