West African Brachyuran Crabs - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

case of these four species, direct comparison of
material from northern and southern areas has
demonstrated that the southern forms are distinct;
southern counterparts of three of these are
described as new, and a name is resurrected from
synonymy for the fourth species.
Similarly, direct comparison of material from
both sides of the Atlantic yielded surprising results.
In one case, that of one species of Ranilia,
such a comparison showed that populations on
each side of the Atlantic were conspecific whereas
they had previously been considered to be distinct.
Other comparisons, based on species in
Eurypanopeus, Goniopsis, Callinectes, and Bathynectes,
resulted in our recognition of distinct species on
each side of the Atlantic.
Two family-group taxa, the family Hexapodidae
and the subfamily Camptandriinae of the
family Ocypodidae, had to be surveyed at the
generic level in order to determine the status of
the West African species. These revisions are incorporated
herein. In addition, a key to the
subfamilies and genera of family Dorippidae is
presented.
We also encountered unanticipated problems
in various aspects of nomenclature: Citations of
brachyuran family and subfamily names vary
widely in the existing literature and often are
incorrect; information on type-species and original
citations of genera is widely scattered and has
never been compiled for the Eastern Atlantic
species; and numerous older names in the literature
have never been properly identified.
Finally, there is no single reference work containing
at least a list of all of the Eastern Atlantic
Brachyura. The Scandinavian species have been
dealt with by M. Christiansen (1969) in a wellprepared
handbook; the British species have been
studied by R. W. Ingle (1980) of the British
Museum (Natural History); the Spanish and Portuguese
species were the subject of the most upto-date
review of European-Mediterranean crabs
by the late R. Zariquiey Alvarez (1968); the Black
Sea species were studied by Bacescu (1967); the
French species were studied by Bouvier (1940) in
a work in which the nomenclature is now com-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
pletely out of date; the Adriatic species were
reported by O. Pesta in 1918, but, again, all the
names are not current; and the eastern Mediterranean
species were listed by L. B. Holthuis and
E. Gottlieb in 1958. The latter fauna contains
several species that have entered and colonized
the region from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal.
About 300 species of Brachyura are known from
the Eastern Atlantic in literature that is widely
scattered.
Thus our simple list of species taken off West
Africa by the Pillsbury changed into a guide to the
Eastern Atlantic crab fauna, with major emphasis
on that of tropical West Africa. We have listed
all Eastern Atlantic species of Brachyura known
to us, and we have included all references to West
African crabs published since 1956 that have
come to our attention. This work, then, is basically
an update of Monod's monumental work,
based primarily on the collections made by the
Pillsbury.
In our accounts, the term "West African" or
"tropical" is used to indicate tropical West Africa:
the Cape Verde Islands and the African mainland
from Mauritania southward to Angola, including
the offshore islands of the Gulf of Guinea.
"Extralimital" is generally used to describe more
northern forms, including those that live in the
Mediterranean. We have not attempted to deal
with the poorly known fauna of South-West
Africa.
In the systematic account herein, we include
original citations for all 36 families of marine
Brachyura, as well as references to synonyms at
the family-group level. Twenty-nine families are
represented in the Eastern Atlantic fauna and 26
of these have representatives in the tropical fauna.
The seven families of crabs not occurring in the
Eastern Atlantic are the Belliidae, the Bythograeidae,
the Mimilambridae, the Cyclodorippidae,
the Mictyridae, the Platyranthidae, and the
Retroplumidae. The three families of crabs occurring
in the Eastern Atlantic but not represented
in the tropical fauna are the Cancridae,
the Cymonomidae, and the Homolodromiidae.
Original citations are provided for all 146 genera