selected medicinal plants - World Health Organization

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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Vol. 3. 1. Plants, Medicinal. 2. Angiosperms. 3. Medicine, Traditional. I. WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (3rd: 2001: Ottawa, Ont.) II. World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 154702 4 (NLM classifi cation: QV 766) © World Health Organization 2007 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications — whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution — should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specifi c companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Printed in Spain
Contents Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 General technical notices 5 Monographs (in alphabetical order of plant name) Fructus Ammi Majoris 9 Fructus Ammi Visnagae 23 Fructus Anethi 33 Aetheroleum Anisi 42 Fructus Anisi 53 Semen Armenicae 64 Flos Arnicae 77 Folium Azadirachti 88 Oleum Azadirachti 102 Flos Carthami 114 Stigma Croci 126 Fructus Foeniculi 136 Radix Gentianae Luteae 150 Radix Gentianae Scabrae 160 Gummi Gugguli 169 Radix Harpagophyti 182 Rhizoma Hydrastis 194 Radix Ipecacuanhae 204 Aetheroleum Lavandulae 219 Flos Lavandulae 229 Strobilus Lupuli 236 Gummi Myrrha 247 Herba Passifl orae 257 Testa Plantiginis 268 Radix Rehmanniae 283 iii
Page 1: WHO monographs on selected medicina
Page 6 and 7: Contents Fructus Schisandrae 296 Ra
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Increasing role of the
Page 11: nexes. Annex 2 lists the monographs
Page 14 and 15: General technical notices medicinal
Page 17 and 18: Fructus Ammi Majoris Defi nition Fr
Page 19 and 20: Powdered plant material Yellowish-b
Page 21 and 22: Fructus Ammi Majoris Uses described
Page 23 and 24: Fructus Ammi Majoris itching, redne
Page 25 and 26: Fructus Ammi Majoris Adverse reacti
Page 27 and 28: Fructus Ammi Majoris Other precauti
Page 29 and 30: Fructus Ammi Majoris 29. Lacy C et
Page 31 and 32: Fructus Ammi Visnagae Defi nition F
Page 33 and 34: Foreign organic matter Not more tha
Page 35 and 36: Fructus Ammi Visnagae (20). A 95% e
Page 37 and 38: the activities of liver transaminas
Page 39 and 40: Fructus Ammi Visnagae 10. Quality c
Page 41 and 42: Fructus Anethi Defi nition Fructus
Page 43 and 44: Total ash Not more than 11.0% (1).
Page 45 and 46: mice inhibited ear infl ammation in
Page 47 and 48: Fructus Anethi 3. Issa A. Dictionna
Page 49 and 50: Fructus Anethi 37. GRAS status of f
Page 51 and 52: mouse-shaped cremocarp with a small
Page 53 and 54: Aetheroleum Anisi sporium herbarum,
Page 55 and 56:
Aetheroleum Anisi cantly increased
Page 57 and 58:
however, this effect is not mediate
Page 59 and 60:
Aetheroleum Anisi 24. Elisabetsky E
Page 61 and 62:
Fructus Anisi Defi nition Fructus A
Page 63 and 64:
Powdered plant material Grey, green
Page 65 and 66:
Fructus Anisi induced sleeping time
Page 67 and 68:
drug-metabolizing enzymes were asse
Page 69 and 70:
Fructus Anisi References 1. Egyptia
Page 71 and 72:
Fructus Anisi 36. Rompelberg CJ, Ve
Page 73 and 74:
Plant material of interest: dried r
Page 75 and 76:
Semen Armeniacae Pharmacology Exper
Page 77 and 78:
Clinical pharmacology Semen Armenia
Page 79 and 80:
Semen Armeniacae node metastasis, e
Page 81 and 82:
Paediatric use See Contraindication
Page 83 and 84:
Semen Armeniacae toxicological stud
Page 85 and 86:
Flos Arnicae Defi nition Flos Arnic
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heads; twinned covering trichomes u
Page 89 and 90:
Flos Arnicae haematomas and petechi
Page 91 and 92:
Flos Arnicae Adverse reactions Nume
Page 93 and 94:
Flos Arnicae 4. Hänsel R et al., e
Page 95 and 96:
Flos Arnicae 37. Hausen BM. The sen
Page 97 and 98:
Description A straight-boled decidu
Page 99 and 100:
Folium Azadirachti Other purity tes
Page 101 and 102:
Folium Azadirachti aspartate aminot
Page 103 and 104:
Folium Azadirachti 150 beats per mi
Page 105 and 106:
Warnings No information available.
Page 107 and 108:
Folium Azadirachti terpenoids and t
Page 109 and 110:
Folium Azadirachti 46. Koley KM, La
Page 111 and 112:
nately arranged, pinnately compound
Page 113 and 114:
Oleum Azadirachti and number of emb
Page 115 and 116:
Oleum Azadirachti Estrogenic activi
Page 117 and 118:
However, correlation of the adverse
Page 119 and 120:
Oleum Azadirachti 13. Ali MH et al.
Page 121 and 122:
Oleum Azadirachti 46. Chinnasamy N
Page 123 and 124:
hermaphrodite, usually orange-yello
Page 125 and 126:
carthamin HO Glc HO HO * O Glc HO O
Page 127 and 128:
Flos Carthami Cardiovascular effect
Page 129 and 130:
Contraindications Owing to its trad
Page 131 and 132:
Flos Carthami 6. Farnsworth NR, Bun
Page 133 and 134:
Flos Carthami 39. Shin KH, Woo WS.
Page 135 and 136:
Plant material of interest: dried s
Page 137 and 138:
R2O H 3 C O CH 3 O OR2 CH 3 CH 3 H
Page 139 and 140:
Stigma Croci tated the recovery of
Page 141 and 142:
Paediatric use See Contraindication
Page 143 and 144:
Stigma Croci 28. Tarantilis PA et a
Page 145 and 146:
Geographical distribution Indigenou
Page 147 and 148:
Pesticide residues The recommended
Page 149 and 150:
Fructus Foeniculi Antispasmodic act
Page 151 and 152:
Sedative effects Intragastric admin
Page 153 and 154:
Fructus Foeniculi Paediatric use No
Page 155 and 156:
Fructus Foeniculi 31. Sharma SK, Si
Page 157 and 158:
Fructus Foeniculi 64. Howes AJ, Cha
Page 159 and 160:
Radix Gentianae Luteae kled, and mo
Page 161 and 162:
Radix Gentianae Luteae erial. Other
Page 163 and 164:
stimulated the secretion of gastric
Page 165 and 166:
Radix Gentianae Luteae References 1
Page 167 and 168:
Radix Gentianae Luteae 33. Kazakov
Page 169 and 170:
Organoleptic properties Odour: char
Page 171 and 172:
Medicinal uses Uses supported by cl
Page 173 and 174:
Toxicology The oral median lethal d
Page 175 and 176:
Radix Gentianae Scabrae 10. Ohwi, J
Page 177 and 178:
Gummi Gugguli Defi nition Gummi Gug
Page 179 and 180:
Moisture Not more than 14% (18). Gu
Page 181 and 182:
Gummi Gugguli diet, intragastric ad
Page 183 and 184:
Gummi Gugguli gulsterones per 100.0
Page 185 and 186:
phototoxic (1). However, applicatio
Page 187 and 188:
Gummi Gugguli 15. Bruneton J. Pharm
Page 189 and 190:
Gummi Gugguli 46. Panda S, Kar A. G
Page 191 and 192:
greyish-brown to dark brown. Darker
Page 193 and 194:
H HO HO OH CH3 H O harpagide H O Gl
Page 195 and 196:
Radix Harpagophyti cardiac arrhythm
Page 197 and 198:
Arhus low back pain index was obser
Page 199 and 200:
Radix Harpagophyti directly through
Page 201 and 202:
Radix Harpagophyti 36. Recio M et a
Page 203 and 204:
and lateral surfaces, arise many lo
Page 205 and 206:
Chemical assays Contains not less t
Page 207 and 208:
tion of 10.0 mg/kg body weight (bw)
Page 209 and 210:
Rhizoma Hydrastis Posology (Unless
Page 211 and 212:
Rhizoma Hydrastis 30. Marinova EK e
Page 213 and 214:
axils; corolla infundibuliform. Fru
Page 215 and 216:
Radix Ipecacuanhae Pesticide residu
Page 217 and 218:
Radix Ipecacuanhae barium sulfate (
Page 219 and 220:
Radix Ipecacuanhae ceived activated
Page 221 and 222:
Radix Ipecacuanhae (20). Mucosal er
Page 223 and 224:
Radix Ipecacuanhae Other precaution
Page 225 and 226:
Radix Ipecacuanhae 28. Curtis RA, B
Page 227 and 228:
Aetheroleum Lavandulae Defi nition
Page 229 and 230:
Pesticide residues The recommended
Page 231 and 232:
Aetheroleum Lavandulae thromboxane
Page 233 and 234:
Contraindications Aetheroleum Lavan
Page 235 and 236:
Aetheroleum Lavandulae 19. Dunn C,
Page 237 and 238:
Flos Lavandulae Defi nition Flos La
Page 239 and 240:
adiating from the poles. Leaf fragm
Page 241 and 242:
(17). A methanol extract of the fl
Page 243 and 244:
Flos Lavandulae directly through th
Page 245 and 246:
Strobilus Lupuli yellowish-green to
Page 247 and 248:
Other purity tests Chemical and sul
Page 249 and 250:
Strobilus Lupuli Antioxidant activi
Page 251 and 252:
Contraindications Strobilus Lupuli
Page 253 and 254:
Strobilus Lupuli 19. Langezaal CR,
Page 255 and 256:
Gummi Myrrha Defi nition Gummi Myrr
Page 257 and 258:
Moisture Not more than 15.0% (4). P
Page 259 and 260:
Gummi Myrrha Antihyperglycaemic act
Page 261 and 262:
the ability of the resin to reduce
Page 263 and 264:
Gummi Myrrha 14. Quality control me
Page 265 and 266:
Herba Passifl orae Defi nition Herb
Page 267 and 268:
Powdered plant material Light green
Page 269 and 270:
O R 6 R 8 OH Uses described in phar
Page 271 and 272:
Herba Passifl orae to increase acti
Page 273 and 274:
Herba Passifl orae No information a
Page 275 and 276:
Herba Passifl orae 27. Medina JH et
Page 277 and 278:
Plant material of interest: dried s
Page 279 and 280:
Testa Plantaginis Medicinal uses Us
Page 281 and 282:
Testa Plantaginis a 70% methanol ex
Page 283 and 284:
Testa Plantaginis A randomized cont
Page 285 and 286:
Testa Plantaginis Contraindications
Page 287 and 288:
Testa Plantaginis 4. Issa A. Dictio
Page 289 and 290:
Testa Plantaginis 38. Vergara-Jimen
Page 291 and 292:
Radix Rehmanniae Defi nition Radix
Page 293 and 294:
Total ash Not more than 6% (1, 2, 4
Page 295 and 296:
Radix Rehmanniae Pharmacology Exper
Page 297 and 298:
Radix Rehmanniae and late-different
Page 299 and 300:
Precautions Carcinogenesis, mutagen
Page 301 and 302:
Radix Rehmanniae 16. Chen LZ et al.
Page 303 and 304:
Radix Rehmanniae 47. Matsuda H et a
Page 305 and 306:
Fructus Schisandrae sexual, dioecio
Page 307 and 308:
Chemical assays Contains not less t
Page 309 and 310:
Fructus Schisandrae sition induced
Page 311 and 312:
Fructus Schisandrae Antitumour acti
Page 313 and 314:
Fructus Schisandrae Toxicology Intr
Page 315 and 316:
disease were reported in only 9 of
Page 317 and 318:
Nursing mothers Owing to a lack of
Page 319 and 320:
Fructus Schisandrae 26. Yamada S, M
Page 321 and 322:
Fructus Schisandrae 56. Ko KM et al
Page 323 and 324:
and with scattered scars of lateral
Page 325 and 326:
Radix Scutellariae Medicinal uses U
Page 327 and 328:
Radix Scutellariae defi ciency viru
Page 329 and 330:
Radix Scutellariae inhibited produc
Page 331 and 332:
kg bw of the aqueous extract to mic
Page 333 and 334:
Radix Scutellariae extract on the i
Page 335 and 336:
Radix Scutellariae 51. Son KH et al
Page 337 and 338:
Description A perennial herb consis
Page 339 and 340:
Major chemical constituents The cha
Page 341 and 342:
Radix cum Herba Taraxaci administra
Page 343 and 344:
Radix cum Herba Taraxaci Other prec
Page 345 and 346:
Radix cum Herba Taraxaci 28. Akhtar
Page 347 and 348:
Semen Trigonellae Foenugraeci Descr
Page 349 and 350:
(15) and the WHO guidelines on qual
Page 351 and 352:
Semen Trigonellae Foenugraeci Antio
Page 353 and 354:
Adverse reactions Allergic reaction
Page 355 and 356:
Semen Trigonellae Foenugraeci 14. Q
Page 357 and 358:
Cortex Uncariae Defi nition Cortex
Page 359 and 360:
Cortex Uncariae Purity tests Microb
Page 361 and 362:
Cortex Uncariae dase activity, morp
Page 363 and 364:
Intraperitoneal administration of 1
Page 365 and 366:
Cortex Uncariae Posology (Unless ot
Page 367 and 368:
Fructus Zizyphi Defi nition Fructus
Page 369 and 370:
Alcohol-insoluble extractive Not le
Page 371 and 372:
Fructus Zizyphi Pharmacology Experi
Page 373 and 374:
Platelet aggregation inhibition A h
Page 375 and 376:
Fructus Zizyphi directly through th
Page 377 and 378:
Fructus Zizyphi 43. Yun-Choi HS. [S
Page 379 and 380:
Annex 1 Professor Hassan Farsam, De
Page 381 and 382:
Annex 2 Cumulative index (in alphab
Page 383 and 384:
Annex 3 Cumulative index (in alphab
Page 389 and 390:
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