Beginning Microsoft SQL Server 2008 ... - S3 Tech Training

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11 Writing Scripts and Batches Whether you’ve realized it or not, you’ve already been writing SQL scripts. Every CREATE statement that you write, every ALTER, every SELECT is all (if you’re running a single statement) or part (multiple statements) of a script. It’s hard to get excited, however, over a script with one line in it — could you imagine Hamlet’s “To be, or not to be …” if it had never had the lines that follow — you wouldn’t have any context for what he was talking about. SQL scripts are much the same way. Things get quite a bit more interesting when you string several commands together into a longer script — a full play or at least an act to finish our Shakespeare analogy. Now imagine that we add a richer set of language elements from .NET to the equation — now we’re ready to write an epic! Scripts generally have a unified goal. That is, all the commands that are in a script are usually building up to one overall purpose. Examples include scripts to build a database (these might be used for a system installation), scripts for system maintenance (backups, Database Consistency Checker utilities (DBCCs), index defragmentation, and more) — scripts for anything where several commands are usually run together. We will be looking into scripts during this chapter and adding in the notion of batches — which control how SQL Server groups your commands together. In addition, we will take a look at sqlcmd — the command-line utility, and how it relates to scripts. sqlcmd was first added in SQL Server 2005. For backward compatibility only, SQL Server continues to support osql.exe (the previous tool that did command line work). You may also see references to isql.exe (do not confuse this with isqlw.exe), which served this same function in earlier releases. isql.exe is no longer supported. Script Basics A script technically isn’t a script until you store it in a file where it can be pulled up and reused. SQL scripts are stored as text files. The SQL Server Management Studio provides many tools to help you with your script writing. The basic query window is color coded to help you not only
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Programmer to Programmer Get more
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Beginning Microsoft SQL Ser ver® 2
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Beginning Microsoft SQL Ser ver® 2
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About the Author Experiencing his f
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Acknowledgments Over the years, the
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Contents Chapter 2:T ools of the T
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Contents xviii The CREATE Statement
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Contents xx Correlated Subqueries 1
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Contents xxii SORT_IN_TEMPDB 280 ON
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Contents xxiv Control-of-Flow State
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Contents xxvi How the SQL Ser ver L
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Contents Chapter 16: A Brief XML Pr
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Contents Chapter 19: Pla ying Admin
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Introduction The beginning user wil
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Introduction ❏ We show file names
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Introduction xxxvi ❏ Understand t
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 22 My
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade ❑ S
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 26 Ke
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 28 Th
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 30 lo
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 32 3.
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 34 Fi
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade Figur
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade Note
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade bcp i
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3 The Foundation Statements of T-SQ
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asic SELECT statement. Fire up the
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Now let’s try taking a little bit
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very few of your tables will have s
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Operator Example Usage Effect ALL,
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Chapter 3: The Foundation Statement
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WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43660, 43670
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AVG This one is for computing avera
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efore, but remove the two AS keywor
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You’ll get a result that is a bit
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What if we want to place conditions
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Let’s say, for example, that we w
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City varchar(20) NOT NULL, State ch
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for it in the INSERT statement. For
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And sure enough, we get back the on
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Chapter 4: JOINs 82 returned is in
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Chapter 4: JOINs 84 Using an INNER
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Chapter 4: JOINs 86 Uh, oh — this
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Chapter 4: JOINs How It Works Unlik
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Chapter 4: JOINs If we were to look
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Chapter 4: JOINs 92 What I’m tryi
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Chapter 4: JOINs 16 Mountain-500 Si
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Chapter 4: JOINs 96 Let’s use thi
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Chapter 4: JOINs 98 vendor. We’re
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Chapter 4: JOINs 100 Somehow, we lo
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Chapter 4: JOINs Try It Out FULL JO
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Chapter 4: JOINs Every time I teach
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Chapter 4: JOINs JOIN Sales.Special
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Chapter 4: JOINs Figure 4-1 As alwa
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Chapter 4: JOINs 110 CREATE TABLE U
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Chapter 4: JOINs There are two diff
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 6: Constraints At a more sp
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Chapter 6: Constraints We can then
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Chapter 6: Constraints A table can
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Chapter 6: Constraints FOREIGN KEY
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Chapter 6: Constraints How It Works
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Chapter 6: Constraints Cascading Ac
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Chapter 6: Constraints 166 This is
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Chapter 6: Constraints 168 FROM Ord
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Chapter 6: Constraints 170 Let’s
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Chapter 6: Constraints CHECK Constr
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Chapter 6: Constraints Defining a D
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Chapter 6: Constraints Ignoring Bad
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Chapter 6: Constraints Try running
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Chapter 6: Constraints Rules and De
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Chapter 6: Constraints Dropping Rul
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Chapter 6: Constraints 184 Restrict
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7 Adding More to Our Queries When I
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Building a Nested Subquery A nested
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While this works just fine, queries
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We’ll go back to the AdventureWor
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❑ Aliases are used in both querie
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Now let’s see this at work in our
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So let’s take this now and apply
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This join-based syntax, for example
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IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT ‘True’ FR
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The conversions can actually get a
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there are no other roll up records
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GROUP BY soh.OrderDate, sod.Product
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OUTPUT $action, inserted.Year, inse
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The long-standing, traditional view
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8 Being Normal: Normalization and O
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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9 SQL Ser ver Storage and Index Str
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Page Splits When a page becomes ful
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The point here is that what happens
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Page Splits — A First Look All of
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You may hear lots of bad things abo
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Navigating the Tree Figure 9-4 As I
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ELSE -- hmm, we don’t recognize i
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CREATE PROC spTestReturns AS DECLAR
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Now, here things get a bit sticky a
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SELECT @Error = @@ERROR; -- Print o
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Our insert happens correctly, so no
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HireDate = @HireDate, CurrentFlag =
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Note the removal of the HireDate co
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Go ahead and run this once: DECLARE
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catastrophic (20-25). If you raise
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Let’s use this in a simple exampl
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As an example, let’s assume that
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Figure 12-1 Time of Creation At Exe
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If we create our sproc with this op
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You can test the arithmetic overflo
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❑ There are icons at the top (see
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The Call Stack Window The Call Stac
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line is different. This new green a
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Summary Wow! That’s a lot to have
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Chapter 13: User-Defined Functions
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Chapter 14: Transactions and Locks
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15 Triggers Ah, triggers. Triggers
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ON While triggers take no parameter
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Statement issued: “INSERT INTO...
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SQL Server 6.5 and prior did not al
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Let’s go ahead and test out our h
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I just picked out “Adjustable Rac
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happen the second time around. Recu
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The syntax of sp_settriggerorder lo
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Another upshot of this part-of-the-
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5, and 7, then you need to add the
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that exercises the trigger we most
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16 A Brief XML Primer So, here we a
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So, this might have you asking the
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The declaration is made with a spec
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the scope of any particular XML doc
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As a side note, you can perform a r
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If we have more than one customer,
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The sql data type
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XML functionality was a relatively
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This is just a little confusing, so
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer
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The result is rather verbose, so I
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If, for example, we wanted to incre
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7 30 1.00 7 45 0.50 7 50 3.00 7 60
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FOR XML provides three different in
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Easy, right? Well, now the boss com
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The downside to using AUTO is that
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While EXPLICIT has not been depreca
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Notice that our order count remaine
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FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader Orders
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Next up are the mapping flags. Thes
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Imagine that you are merging with a
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What we have here is something XML
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17 Reporting for Duty , Sir! A Look
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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How It Works Chapter 17: Reporting
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18 Getting Integrated with Integrat
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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Examining Package Basics Fully exam
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Figure 18-12 Chapter 18: Getting In
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This brings up the OLE DB Source Ed
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Figure 18-17 Package Explorer This
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General Figure 18-19 Many fields on
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Executing the Package If you simply
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator a
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator Y
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator 5
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator A
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator S
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator R
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator i
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator P
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A System Functions SQL Server inclu
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@@IDLE Returns the time in millisec
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❑ CHECKSUM_AGG ❑ COUNT ❑ COUN
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GROUPING is only used in the SELECT
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❑ 4 — Thursday ❑ 5 — Friday
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If this evaluates to True, then you
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@@VERSION Returns the current versi
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DecryptByKey Like its asymmetric an
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SignByCert Returns a varbinary(8000
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If you are using the cursor variabl
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DAY The DAY function returns an int
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Yields: YEAR SELECT TODATETIMEOFFSE
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ABS ❑ LOG10 ❑ PI ❑ POWER ❑
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The expression must be of the float
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The expression must be of the float
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The id parameter specifies the ID o
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❑ ComparisonStyle — Indicates t
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❑ IsLogFile — The file is a log
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The return value from this function
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The return value from this function
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SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY SQL_VARIANT_PR
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FREETEXTTABLE The FREETEXTTABLE fun
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IS_MEMBER The IS_MEMBER function re
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The user parameter is the username
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LEN The LEN function returns the nu
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SOUNDEX The SOUNDEX function return
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❑ NEWID ❑ NULLIF ❑ PARSENAME
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DATALENGTH The DATALENGTH function
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If you’re using identity columns
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SCOPE_IDENTITY The SCOPE_IDENTITY f
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The SERVERPROPERTY function is very
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B Very Simple Connectivity Examples
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Connecting in C# C# is a fairly cle
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} } Console.ReadLine(); // Change t
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Dim strCommand2 As String = “DROP
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SYMBOLS - (minus sign) for placehol
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B backup (databases) Back Up Databa
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constraints, 154-186 CHECK constrai
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database administration and mainten
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E editing properties and objects, 2
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fragmenting of indexes, 580 FREETEX
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ISDATE function, 607 IsDescendantOf
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NONCLUSTERED k eyword, 285 non-dete
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parentheses ( ) subqueries and, 188
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eport models, building. See report
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sp_help command, 131 sp_helpdb util
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adding foreign keys to, 162 adding
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U UDFs. See user-defined functions
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