dispersal of ticks and tick borne diseases by birds - Lista fuglestasjon

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LIST OF PAPERS. I. Røed, K.H., Hasle, G., Midthjell, L., Skretting, G., Leinaas, H.P., 2006. Primer note. Identification and characterization of 17 microsatellite primers for the tick, Ixodes ricinus, using enriched genomic libraries. Molecular Ecology Notes. 6, 1165–1167. II. Hasle, G., Røed, K.H., Leinaas, H.P., 2008. Multiple Paternity in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae), Assessed by Microsatellite Markers. Journal of Parasitology. 94(2), 345–347. III. Hasle, G., Bjune, G.A., Edvardsen, E., Jakobsen, C., Linnehol, B.A., Røer, J.E., Mehl, R.A., Røed, K.H., Pedersen, J.E., Leinaas, H.P., 2009. Transport of ticks by migratory passerine birds to Norway. Journal of Parasitology. 95(6), 1342–1351. IV. Hasle, G., Bjune, G.A., Christensson, D., Røed, K.H., Whist, A.C., Leinaas, H.P., 2010. Detection of Babesia divergens in southern Norway using an immunofluorescence antibody test in cow sera. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 52(55) doi:10.1186/1751-0147- 52-55. V. Hasle, G., Bjune, G.A., Midthjell, L., Røed, K.H., Leinaas, H.P., 2010. Transport of Ixodes ricinus infected with Borrelia species to Norway by northwardmigrating passerine birds. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. Accepted October 22 nd 2010. 8
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS * An asterisk is used as a multiplication sign in this thesis. AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Space-borne sensors on at least two polar-orbiting satellites under the NOAA. BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. An algorithm for comparing biological sequence information, e.g., DNA sequences. A BLAST database is hosted by the NCBI. CCHF Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever: a serious arboviral hemorrhagic fever, transferred by a wide range of tick species, notably, the Hyalomma spp. CI Confidence interval. It is a 95 % probability that the true value will be within a 95 % CI, i.e., the range between a value - 1.96 * standard deviation and the value + 1.96 * standard deviation. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid: The material that makes up genes. ECM Erythema chronicum migrans: the primary rash seen in Lyme borreliosis. GLM Generalized linear model. A linear regression model which is unifying various statistical models, for studying effects and interaction of different variables. GPS Global positioning system. A satellite-based navigation system. IFAT Indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (see Box III). IPTG -D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. A molecular biology reagent that -galactosidase. IgG Immunoglobulin G, one of the five classes of antibodies. LI Louping ill, also called ovine encephalomyelitis: a serious arboviral infection that primarily affects sheep. It may also cause neurological disease in humans. Phylogenetically, the Louping ill virus is closely related to the tick-borne encephalitis virus. LIV Louping ill virus: an arbovirus belonging to the TBEV-complex, transmitted by Ixodid ticks. NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information, a US government-funded institution under the National Institutes of Health. NDHRS Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System. A national database containing individual dairy cow registration on health, diseases, milk quality, meat quality, calving, artificial insemination and culling. Administered by TINE SA (previously TINE BA), which is Norway's largest producer, distributor and exporter of dairy products. 9
Page 1 and 2: From Dept. of Biology, University o
Page 4 and 5: There are three rules for writing t
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents
Page 8 and 9: 6 ABSTRACT Hard ticks (Ixodidae) ar
Page 12 and 13: 10 NDVI Normalised Difference Veget
Page 14 and 15: BACKGROUND Box I Some Ixodid ticks
Page 16 and 17: cattle are in some areas commonly a
Page 18 and 19: fourth feeding experiment, a mean f
Page 20 and 21: seen in I. ricinus that had fed on
Page 22 and 23: explained by a change in the true t
Page 24 and 25: LITERATURE ABOUT TICKS ON MIGRATORY
Page 26 and 27: air is plotted for certain times an
Page 28 and 29: ETHICAL ISSUES This is a descriptiv
Page 30 and 31: were picked off by a blunted clockm
Page 32 and 33: SYNOPSIS Paper I: Primer note. Iden
Page 34 and 35: GENERAL DISCUSSION Hubálek (2004)
Page 36 and 37: (AVHRR) of the National Oceanic and
Page 38 and 39: discovered on the horse four months
Page 40 and 41: migratory birds were examined with
Page 42 and 43: using cow sera, and to see if this
Page 44 and 45: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to my three
Page 46 and 47: Brown, D., 1997. Dynamics and impac
Page 48 and 49: V.A., Gould, E.A., 2003. Characteri
Page 50 and 51: Kurtenbach, K., de Michelis, S., Et
Page 52 and 53: Perret, J.-L., Guigoz, E., Rais, O.
Page 54 and 55: irds. Journal of Infection. 56(2),
Page 56 and 57: Figure 2. Unrooted phylogenetic tre
Page 58 and 59: 56 Figure 5. Example of a wind traj
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58 Figure 7. A female red-backed sh
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Figure 10. Blood sampling from the
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Table 1. Estimated numbers of Norwe
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64 Table 4. Previous studies on tic
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Spørreskjema til kubønder på sø
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INDEX A. phagocytophilum...........
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345 J. Parasitol., 94(2), 2008, pp.
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esist the immune responses of hosts
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TRANSPORT OF TICKS BY MIGRATORY PAS
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1344 THE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY, V
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Hasle et al. Acta Veterinaria Scand
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Transport of Ixodes ricinus infecte
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ird taxa contribute to the spread o
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Results We detected Borrelia in 70
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The number of Borrelia-infected tic
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carrying infected ticks, the travel
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Jenkins, A., Kristiansen, B.E., All
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*Detailed Response to Reviewers Osl
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The interaction between cofeeding a
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Table Table 2. Borrelia-spp. as det
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Table Table 4. Logistic regression
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