FAO SPECIES CATALOGUE - si-pddr

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- 58 - when 2 861 264 metric tons were reported to FAO. While in 1980 it still amounted to over 2 million metric tons a low of 1 765 024 metric tons was registered in 1981 (FAO, 1983). Among the countries sharing this catch, the USSR ranked second behind Japan; Chile and Peru occupied the third and fourth places respectively. At present the principal method of fishing chub mackerel is purse-seining, even though other types of gear are still being used, for example, lampara nets, set nets, trap nets, gillnets, large lift nets, spoon nets, trolling gear, balance nets, stake lines, longlines, and even trawls. Such gear is mostly used in small-scale fisheries. Between 1971 and 1974 more chub mackerel were taken in the sports fishery than in commercial operations off California (Schaefer, 1980). Some countries have management schemes and local regulations to protect the stocks. Local Names : ARGENTINA: Caballa; AUSTRALIA: Common mackerel; BRAZIL: Cavalinha; CHILE: Caballa; COLOMBIA: Caballeta, Salmonete; CUBA: Caballa; ECUADOR: Caballa, Macarela; EGYPT: Scomber; FRANCE: Maquereau espagnol; GERMAN DM RP: Japanische Makrele; GREECE: Koliós; GUATEMALA: Caballa; ISRAEL: Kolias; ITALY: Lanzardo, Scombro macchiato, Sgombro cavallo; JAPAN: Hirasaba, Masaba; MALTA: Kavall; MEXICO: Cachorreta, Macarela de1 Pacífico; MONACO: Cugüu; MOROCCO: Kabaila; PACIFIC ISLANDS TRUST TERRITORIES: Smaach; PERU: Caballa, Verle; PHILIPPINES: Alumahan, Lumahan (Tagalog), Japan mackerel; POLAND: Makrela kolias; PORTUGAL: Cavalinha; ROMANIA: Colios; SOUTH AFRICA: Mackerel, Makriel; SPAIN: Estornino; SWEDEN: Spank makrill; TUNISIA: Sqoumri; TURKEY: Kolyoz; UK: Chub mackerel; URUGUAY: Caballa; USA: Chub mackerel; California: Pacific mackerel; Hawaii: Opelu palahu, Saba; USSR: Afrikanskaya skumbriya, Atlanticheskaya skumbriya, Kalifornijskaya skumbriya, Vostochnaya skumbriya, Yuzhnaya skumbriya; VENEZUELA: Cachorreta, Macarela; VIET NAM: Cá thu Nhât-bán; YUGOSLAVIA: Bilica, Juja, Lancarda, Plavica. Literature : Kramer (1969); Fischer, ed. (1973, Species Identification Sheets, Mediterranean and Black Sea); Sidwell et al. (1974, information on composition of edible portion); Schaefer (1980, species synopsis); Collette (1978, Species Identification Sheets, Western Central Atlantic; 1981, Species Identification Sheets, Eastern Central Atlantic). Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae, ed. x:297 (Atlantic Ocean). Synonymy : Scomber scomber - Brünnich, 1768; Scomber vernalis Mitchill, 1815; Scomber vulgaris S.D.W., 1849; Scomber scriptus Couch, 1867. FAO Names: En - Atlantic mackerel; Fr - Maquereau commun; Sp - Caballa del Atlantico. SCOMBR Scom 1 Diagnostic Features : Palatine wide, teeth in two widely spaced rows. Space between first dorsal fin groove and second dorsal fin clearly greater (approximately 1.5 times) than length of groove; anal fin origin opposite that of second dorsal fin or nearly so; anal fin spine conspicuous, joined to the fin by a membrane but clearly independent of it. Swimbladder absent. Vertebrae 13 precaudal plus 18 caudal; first haemal spine anterior to first interneural process; 21 to 28 interneural bones under first dorsal fin. Colour: markings on back oblique to near vertical, with relatively little undulating; belly unmarked. click for next page
click for previous page - 59 - Geographical Distribution : North Atlantic Ocean, including the Baltic Sea; eastern Atlantic including the Mediterranean and the Black seas; and western Atlantic from Labrador to Cape Lookout. Habitat and Biology : An epipelagic and mesodemersal species, most abundant in cold and temperate shelf areas. Atlantic mackerel school by size. They overwinter in deeper waters but move closer to shore in spring when water temperatures range between 11° and 14°C. Two separate populations with little or no interchange seem to exist in the northwestern and northeastern Atlantic (including the Mediterranean). In the western population spawning takes place from Cheasapeake Bay to Newfoundland, initiating in the south in spring and progressively extending northward during the summer. Most of the spawning takes place within 10 to 30 miles from shore, but never in low-salinity estuaries. Large fish are the first to arrive at the spawning sites. The eastern population spawns from March to April in the Mediterranean, from May to June off southern England, northern France and in the North Sea, and from June to July in the Kattegat and Skagerrak. Fecundity, in a medium-sized female, fluctuates between 200 000 and 450 000 eggs per season and increases with size; spawning occurs in batches. Maturity is attained at an age of 2 or 3 years. Juvenile Atlantic mackerel feed on zooplankton (fish larvae, small crustaceans, pteropods). As they grow, they are in turn preyed upon by tunas, sharks and dolphins. Size : Maximum fork length is 50 cm, common to 30 cm. In the population off the US coast, length at first maturity is approximately 34 cm in females and 32 cm in males; in the eastern part of the geographical distribution, maturity may be attained at approximately 30 cm. Females grow bigger than males. Interest to Fisheries : There are important fisheries for S. scombrus in Fishing Areas 21 (Northwest Atlantic), 27 (Northeast Atlantic), and 37 (Mediterranean and Black Sea). The world catch declined from about 1.1 million metric tons in 1975 to about 610 000 metric tons in 1981 (FAO, 1983). Atlantic mackerel is mainly caught with purse seines, sometimes together with sardines. Surface catches are best when the summer thermocline is not deeper than 15 to 20 meters so as to prevent the mackerel from escaping into deeper water. Other types of gear in use include trolling lines, gillnets, traps, beach seines, and midwater trawls. This species is traded fresh, frozen, smoked and canned. Local Names : CANADA: Mackerel, Maquereau; DENMARK: Almindelige, Makrel; EGYPT: Scomber; FINLAND: Makrilli; FRANCE: Maquereau commun; GERMAN DM RP: Makrele, Gemeine Makrele; GERMANY FR: Makrele, Gemeine Makrele; GREECE: Scoubri; ICELAND: Makríll; ITALY: Lacerto, Macarello, Sgombro; MALTA: Pizzintun; MONACO: Cugüu; MOROCCO: Kabaila; NETHERLANDS: Gewone makreel, Makreel; NORWAY: Makrell; POLAND: Makrela; PORTUGAL: Cavalla; ROMANIA: Macrou; SPAIN: Caballa; SWEDEN: Makril; TUNISIA: Sqoumri; TURKEY: Uskumru; UK: Atlantic mackerel; USA: Atlantic mackerel; USSR: Atlanticheskaya skumbriya, Skumbriya; YUGOSLAVIA: Skusa. Literature : Sette (1943, 1950); Fischer, ed. (1973, Species Identification Sheets, Mediterranean and Black Sea); Collette (1981, Species Identification Sheets, Eastern Central Atlantic). Scomberomorus Lacepède, 1801 Diagnostic Features : Body elongate, strongly compressed. Snout much shorter than rest of head; posterior part of maxilla exposed, reaching to a vertical from hind margin of eye; 5 to 38 sharp, compressed, triangular teeth in upper and lower jaws; patches of fine teeth on palatines and vomer; no teeth on tongue; gillrakers on first arch 1 to 27, 0 to 8 on upper limb, 1 to 21 on lower limb. Two scarcely separated dorsal fins, the first with 12 to 22 spines; the second with 15 to 25 rays followed by 6 to 11 finlets; anal fin with 15 to 28 rays followed by 5 to 12 finlets; interpelvic process small and bifid. Lateral line single, gradually curving down toward caudal peduncle or abruptly maxilla exposed SCOMBR Scombm Genus with reference : Scomberomorus Lacepède, 1801:292. Type-species: Scomberomorus plumieri Lacepède, 1801 (= Scomber regalis Bloch, 1793), by monotypy.
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FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol
Page 3 and 4:
The designations employed and the p
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- v - FOREWORD This publication is
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click for previous page - 1 - 1. IN
Page 9 and 10:
1.2 General Remarks on Scombrids -
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Systematic Category Scomber Rastrel
Page 13 and 14: Caudal keel - All members of the Sc
Page 15 and 16: Interpelvic process - A fleshy proc
Page 17 and 18: 3 b. 5 a. Body depth at posterior m
Page 19 and 20: 8 b. One lateral line; interpelvic
Page 21 and 22: - 15 - 18 a. First dorsal fin black
Page 23 and 24: 26 a. First dorsal fin spines 13 to
Page 25 and 26: 34 b. Total gillrakers on first arc
Page 27 and 28: 40 b. 41 a. Vomerine teeth absent;
Page 29 and 30: - 23 - 48 a. Lower sides of body wi
Page 31 and 32: click for previous page 2.2 Informa
Page 33 and 34: Geographical Distribution : Circumg
Page 35 and 36: - 29 - Literature : Wade (1949); Fi
Page 37 and 38: - 31 - Interest to Fisheries : Catc
Page 39 and 40: - 33 - Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1
Page 41 and 42: - 35 - Geographical Distribution :
Page 43 and 44: - 37 - Interest to Fisheries : Ther
Page 45 and 46: - 39 - FAO Names :En - Shark macker
Page 47 and 48: - 41 - Diagnostic Features : Body e
Page 49 and 50: Geographical Distribution : Cosmopo
Page 51 and 52: - 45 - Diagnostic Features : Body r
Page 55 and 56: click for previous page - 49 - Geog
Page 57 and 58: Literature : Collette - 51 - Remark
Page 59 and 60: - 53 - Habitat and Biology : An epi
Page 61 and 62: ~ Scomber Linnaeus, 1758 Diagnostic
Page 63: - 57 - FAO Names: En - Chub mackere
Page 67 and 68: - 61 - As in other species in the g
Page 69 and 70: - 63 - Scomberomorus commerson (Lac
Page 73 and 74: - 67 - FAO Names : En - Korean seer
Page 75 and 76: click for previous page Scomberomor
Page 79 and 80: - 73 - Literature : Kishinouye (192
Page 81 and 82: - 75 - Local Names : AUSTRALIA: Blo
Page 83 and 84: - 77 - Local Names: AUSTRALIA: Broa
Page 85 and 86: - 79 - Scomberomorus tritor (Cuvier
Page 87 and 88: - 81 - Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre
Page 89 and 90: - 83 - In the Atlantic, there are a
Page 91 and 92: - 85 - Off the Philippines and Cent
Page 93 and 94: Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872)
Page 95 and 96: - 89 - Diagnostic Features : A larg
Page 97 and 98: - 91 - FAO Names : En - Northern bl
Page 99 and 100: - 93 - FAO Names : En - Longtail tu
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Page 103 and 104: - 98 -
Page 105 and 106: click for previous page 4. BIBLIOGR
Page 107 and 108: Chabanaud, P. & T. Monod, Les poiss
Page 109 and 110: Döderlein, P., 1871 Durand, J., 19
Page 111 and 112: - 107 - Godsil, H.C., A descriptive
Page 113 and 114: ------------ 1920 , - 109 - Kim, Wa
Page 115 and 116:
- 111 - Manacop, P.R., A preliminar
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- 113 - NMFS, Southwest Fisheries C
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- 115 - Sánchez, T.J. & R. Lam C.,
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- 117 - Trent, L. & E.A. Anthony, C
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click for previous page - 119 - 5.
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C Caballa de la India Caballa del A
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*leachianus, Thynnus Leaping bonito
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*Sarda chilensis *Sarda chilensis a
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U *undulatus, Scomber *unicolor, Gy
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Bizet Black skipjack Blackf in tuna
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Hosan Hosokatsuo Howalla I Ikanayer
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N Naha Nal-gae-da-raeng-i Narrowbar
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Spank makrill Spikkel-katonkel Spot
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FAO SPECIES CATALOGUE - si-pddr

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