Online Instrumentation - WTW.com

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28 Online Conductivity Measurement Measuring · Monitoring · Controlling Conductivity is a well recognized, and sometimes indispensable, parameter of state-of-the-art water, wastewater and industrial process analysis. Con tinuous measuring systems are em ployed to monitor the salt load at the influent of wastewater treatment plants, to control quality of drinking water and ultra-pure water or to determine non-specific contaminants in industrial processes. On-line Conductivity Measurements • Municipal and Industrial Wastewater • Water Treatment • Surface Waters • Sea Water, Brackish Water, Fishfarming • Boiler Feed Water • Demineralization • Industrial Process Media For more than 60 years, WTW has been one of the leading manufactu rers of precision conductivity mea sure ment systems, setting new stan dards with innovative sensor technology and fully evolved designs tailored to practical applications. WTW pro ducts meet the most stringent require ments set by industry for continuous on-line analysis instruments. A special measuring transducer as well as sensors and accessories are available for use in explosion-proof areas (see brochure “Product Details”). For information visit www.WTW.com for a customer care center near you
Conductivity Conductivity Ranges of Aqueous Solutions µS/cm mS/cm 0.1 1 10 100 1 10 100 1000 High-pressure Boiler Feed Water Surface Waters Demineralization lon Exchanger Brackish Water, Sea Water Simple Desalination Industrial Process Water Drinking Water Wastewater Concentrated Acids and Alkalis Temperature Compensation The conductivity of a solution is critically dependent on temperature. Therefore, the conductivity readings must be referred to a common reference temperature (77 °F/25°C) for comparability. The term “temperature compensation” is used in the sense of a mathematical conversion; i.e. a measured conductivity (ϑ) at any given temperature to the corresponding conductivity value that would be taken at the reference temperature (77 °F/25 °C). The conductivity of most aqueous solutions varies more or less linearly with temperature ϑ. In these cases, a linear correction function to compensate for the influence of temperature can be used. For example, the correction co efficient for sewage is approx. 2%/K. For information visit www.WTW.com for a customer care center near you Conductivity Measurement Conductivity as a summation parameter is a measure of the level of ion concentration of a solution. The more salts, acids or bases are dissociated, the greater the conductivity of the solution. In water or wastewater it is mainly a matter of the ions of dissolved salts, and consequently the conductivity is an index of the salt load in wastewater or, respectively, the purity of potable water. The measure ment of conductivity is also widely used in industrial production, such as process control in food and pharma ceutical industries. The measurement of conductivity is generally expressed in S/cm (or mS/ cm) which is the product of the conductance of the test solution and the geometric factor of the measuring cell. The scale for aqueous solutions starts at a conductivity of 0.05 µS/cm (at 77 °F/25 °C) for ultrapure water. The conductivity of natural waters, such as drinking water or surface water is typically in range of 100 - 1000 µS/cm. The upper End of the scale is reached by some acids and alkalis. 800 µS/cm 700 WTW monitors automatically calculate the corrected conductivity values based on the selected temperature coefficient. For the compensation of natural water a non-linear function (nLF) (i.e., built-in table for natural water properties) is available. 600 500 400 Conductivity vs. Temperature Function Tap Water 300 0 10 20 30 40 Temperature °C Parameter section Conductivity pH/ORP Dissolved Oxygen Nitrogen Turbidity/ Suspended Solids Sludge level Phosphate Carbon: COD/TOC/ DOC/BOD/SAC 29
Page 1 and 2: Online Instrumentation D.O. · pH
Page 3 and 4: Parameter see catalog page 9 8 20 3
Page 5 and 6: Publisher Wissenschaftlich-Technisc
Page 7 and 8: NEW New Instruments is growing …
Page 9 and 10: NEW MIQ/MC2 The new controller fami
Page 11 and 12: D.O. Monitoring and Control In the
Page 13 and 14: The electrochemical sensors of the
Page 15 and 16: 4 2 3 2 For information visit www.W
Page 17 and 18: Self-diagnosis system All parts bei
Page 19 and 20: Technical Data digital D.O. Sensors
Page 21 and 22: Technical Data analog D.O. Sensors
Page 23 and 24: For information visit www.WTW.com f
Page 25 and 26: SensoLyt ® Combination Electrodes
Page 27 and 28: Technical Data SensoLyt ® digital
Page 29 and 30: CHEMtrac Valve Assemblies For infor
Page 31: Configuration Guide digital pH/ORP
Page 35 and 36: TetraCon ® 4-electrode Design The
Page 37 and 38: Configuration Guide digital conduct
Page 39 and 40: Optical unit with ultrasonic cleani
Page 41 and 42: VisoTurb ® and ViSolid ® - new se
Page 43 and 44: Suspended Solids Sensor ViSolid ®
Page 45 and 46: Wastewater: nitrogen sources Norgan
Page 47 and 48: WTW Measuring Systems for Nitrogen
Page 49 and 50: NEW WTW Spectral sensors • In-sit
Page 51 and 52: IQ-LabLink With the initial install
Page 53 and 54: IQ-LabLink With the initial install
Page 55 and 56: NitraLyt ® Plus • In-situ nitrat
Page 57 and 58: NEW Optical in-situ measurement of
Page 59 and 60: Technical Data ON 210/OS 210 Measur
Page 61 and 62: Carbon Carbon The main task of a wa
Page 63 and 64: Applications The most important mea
Page 65 and 66: Technical Data CarboVis ® /NiCaVis
Page 67 and 68: Measuring Methods and Digestion The
Page 69 and 70: The benefits at a glance: • On-si
Page 71 and 72: Filtration P 700 IQ • Compact des
Page 73 and 74: Online P Total measurement • Moni
Page 75 and 76: NEW Efficient sludge control and mo
Page 77 and 78: Accessories Special equipment for s
Page 79 and 80: I Q S e n S o r n e t System Philos
Page 81 and 82: Features and functions of the I Q S
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I Q S e n S o r n e t system techno
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IQ Sensors One connection for all I
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control Schaltwarte room System arc
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Terminal / Controller MIQ/TC 2020 X
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Electronic-Key function For informa
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Housings of the new MIQ/MC2 family
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System components and functions Ter
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Configuration and Performance Data
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Configuration Options for System 18
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For information visit www.WTW.com f
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Configuration Guide TriOxmatic ® 6
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Technical Data EcoLine Oxi 170 / Qu
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Technical Data EcoLine LF 170 / Qua
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For this reason analyzers are so fa
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1 System Controller Module Equipped
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TC/PU 1 Two-Channel Permeate Switch
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The Instruments include: • big gr
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Biological Treatment PurCon ® •
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Secondary Sedimentation Stage / Fin
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WTW has added two new units for pre
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Sampling Mobile Operation Applicati
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PB 150-SE • Vacuum technology for
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PB 25 S / PB 25 S/24 • Compact
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Junction Boxes Analog KI/S Order No
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Mounting Stands and Fixtures Detail
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Fixtures Sun Shields BE/R 170 Order
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Flow-thru Adapters SW Flow-thru Ves
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Retractable Armatures • For press
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Cleaning Air Box • Oilfree comp
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Instruments for measuring turbidity
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Typical Applications * North Americ
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For the measuring and control of wa
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Index A Page Accessories 124 ADA-DF
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WTW Online Instrumentation at the W
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Online Instrumentation - WTW.com

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