All-India rural credit survey: District monograph, Osmanabad

CREDIT NEEDS OF AGRICULTURE 35
Nevertheless, the smaller cultivators resort to borrowing for meeting the current
farm expenditure to a much greater extent than do the bigger cultivators; 21· 7
per cent of the current farm expenditure by the smaller cultivators was met by
borrowing while only 9·6 per cent of the similar expenditure by the bigger cultivators
was met by borrowing. The smaller cultivators also show a peculiar feature;
the extent to which they borrow is actually much larger in the first period than in
the second period. Among the different items of expenditure, the smaller cultivators
need credit most for the purchase of manure, purchase of seed and purchase of
fodder in that order. Most of the purchases of seed and fodder occur only during
the first period and hence the smaller cultivators are seen to borrow to a greater
extent during this period. As for the bigger cultivators, they are seen to borrow
to a greater extent for purchase of seed and also for the payment of cash wages.
In fact, in the second period, most of their borrowing was for payment of cash wages.
A large amount of expenditure has been shown unclassified under' other cash expenditure'.
It is Rs 389·5 for the bigger cultivators and Rs 82·4 for the smaller cultivators.
Two major items included in this are salaries of annual farm servants and
cash rents paid to landlords. In the case of the bigger cultivators, they amount
to Rs 142·3 and Rs 153·4, respectively. In the case of the smaller cultivators they
amount to Rs 23·9 and Rs 16·1, respectively. Presumably, both these items of
expenditure are incurred when the cash position is comparatively easy and hence
they do not cause borrowing to any great extent. Considering the entire item of
'other cash expenditure' only about 4 per cent of it was financed by borrowing by
both the bigger and smaller cultivators.
TABLE 4.'-DISTRIBUTION OF AMOUNT BORROWED AND FULLY REPAID
DURING THE YEAR ACCORDING TO THE MONTH OF BORROWING
AND REPAYMENT
[Intensive enquiry data.. Amount in rupees per family]
UPPER STRATA LOWER STRATA ALL CULTIVATORS
Month Borrow· Repay. Borrow· Repay- Borrow- Repay.
ingB menta ings menta ings mente
1 2 3 4 5 6
April, 1951 ................. 20·6 11·7 16·2
May ..•.................... 6·3 3·2
June .......................
July .......................
August ..................... 16·1
.-
6·9 11·5
September .•................ 1·4 0·7
October .•.................. 18·2 0·9 10·1 14·1 0·'
November ..................
December .................. 1·4 0·7
_.
January, 1952 .............. 15·1 13·3 7·6 6·7
February ................... 24·1 0·9 21·8 0·4 23·0
March ...•................. 33·1 15·5 24·3
Not specified .•.••...........
Total ..•.•............ 71·4 71·4 37·3 37·3 54·4 54·4.