6 slides /page PDF file, 1.71MB

WWW ADDRESS:
ucdnema.ucdavis.edu
CYST NEMATODE ON COLE CROPS
BECKY B. WESTERDAHL
EXTENSION NEMATOLOGIST /
PROFESSOR OF NEMATOLOGY
UC DAVIS
14th ANNUAL
DESERT CROPS
WORKSHOP
DECEMBER 3,
2003
COMPOUND VOLATILITY $/ACRE
HIGH
FUMIGANTS
Methyl Bromide - Tarped 5 1,200
- Nontarped 5 280-400
Chloropicrin 7 1,200
1,3-Dichloropropene(1,3-D.TeloneII) 30 100-500
Methyl isothiocyanate 500 150-400
( Metam Sodium, Vapam, Basamid)
ORGANOPHOSPHATES & CARBAMATES
Ethoprop(Mocap) 100,000
Carbofuran(Furadan) 1,000,000
Aldicarb(Temik) 1,500,000 50-250
Fenamiphos(Nemacur) 10,000,000
Oxamyl(Vydate) 100,000,000
LOW
1991 California growers' economic losses from nematode
damage on the nine crops with greatest historic usage
of 1,3-D = $106.8 million (Landels, 1992)
Millions of Dollars Lost
ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (RKN)
Tomatoes 13.4
Cotton 9.8
Sweet potatoes 7.5
Potatoes 0.4
Carrots 15.1
SUGARBEET CYST & (RKN)
Broccoli 15.7
Cauliflower 7.9
Sugar beets 6.1
Brussel sprouts 0.7
SUGARBEET CYST
NEMATODE
ON SUGARBEET
HEALTHY
METHYL BROMIDE - ALTERNATIVE FUMIGANTS:
1,3 - DICHLOROPROPENE
TELONE II, TELONE C35
INLINE (EMULSIFIABLE)
CHLOROPICRIN (PIC EC)
SODIUM TETRATHIOCARBONATE (ENZONE)
METAM SODIUM
DAZOMET (BASAMID)
OZONE GAS
*METHYL IODIDE (IODOMETHANE)
*PROPARGYL BROMIDE
COMBINATIONS OF
THE ABOVE
*NOT REGISTERED
INFESTED
LIFE CYCLE OF A TYPICAL PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODE:
M = MOLT
SIZE
B. A. JAFFEE
EGG
M
J1 J2
M
J3
TIME
J = JUVENILE OR LARVA
M
J4
B. A. JAFFEE
M
ADULT

MIGRATORY
ENDOPARASITE
ECTOPARASITE
SEDENTARY
ENDOPARASITE
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON NEMATODES:
MINIMUM FOR OPTIMUM
INFEC- REPRO- FOR ACTIVITY
TION DUCTION
ROOT KNOT
MELOIDOGYNE SP.
M. CHITWOODI 45F 45F 68-77F
(COLUMBIA) (6C) (6C) (20-25C)
M. HAPLA 54F 54F 77-86F
(NORTHERN) (12C) (12C) (25-30C)
M. INCOGNITA 65F 50F 76-90F
(SOUTHERN) (18C) (10C) (25-32C)
SUGARBEET CYST
HETERODERA 50F 46F 70-81F
SCHACHTII (10C) (8C) (21-27C)
NEEDLE LONGIDORUS AFRICANUS
DAMAGE TO LETTUCE SEEDLINGS IS MINIMAL AT
SOILTEMPERATURES LESS THAN 22C (72F)
HETERODERA SCHACHTII
(SUGARBEET CYST
NEMATODE)
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CYST
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
CARROT
JUVENILE
HATCHING
FROM EGG
SUGARBEET (abcd)
TOMATO
ADULT FEMALE (CYST)
EGGS
1998 SOUTH COAST FIELD STATION - SUGARBEET CYST
NEMATODE
TWO POINTS WHICH ARE
NOT IDENTIFIED BY THE
SAME LETTER ARE
SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT
FROM EACH OTHER
ACCORDING TO FISHER'S
PROTECTED LSD TEST AT P
= 0.05.
a a a
a
a
a
a a
ab
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
WEEKS AFTER PLANTING
EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION ON POPULATION
DENSITY OF SUGARBEET CYST NEMATODE: BROCCOLI -
SUGARBEET CYST NEMATODE
(HETERODERA SCHACHTII)
B. A. JAFFEE
ab
bc
ab
c
d

DITERA100
DITERA75
DITERA50
OZONE50+CO2
OZONE50
OZONE250
DiTERA
VALENT (ABBOTT LABORATORIES)
KILLED MICROBIAL
TOXIN PRODUCED BY A FUNGUS
VERY WATER SOLUBLE
CA REGISTRATION ON SEVERAL CROPS
VAPAM
TELONE II
UNTREATED
SUGARBEETS
1998 SCFS - SUGARBEETS - EGGS / CYST
0.05
0.05
ERROR BARS
INDICATE 1
STANDARD ERROR
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
NUMBER OF EGGS / CYST
TELONE II 18GPA
TELONE II 9 GPA
NEMACUR
TECHPOWDER
RENGINEERED
10XA+10XB
ES+10XA+10XB
ES+10XB
ES+10XA
DITERAES
UNTREATED
DITERA100
DITERA75
DITERA50
OZONE50+CO2
OZONE50
OZONE250
VAPAM
TELONE II
UNTREATED
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1999 SCFS - BROCCOLI - COMMERCIAL CROWNS
0.05
ERROR BARS
INDICATE 1
STANDARD
ERROR
0.10
0.05
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
NUMBER OF CROWNS / 3 METERS OF ROW
1998 SCFS - SUGARBEETS - YIELD - CYST NEMATODE
0.10
ERROR BARS
INDICATE 1
STANDARD ERROR
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
TONS / ACRE
MUSTARD AND RADISH COVER CROPS

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BIOFUMIGATION (CASWELL-CHEN, WESTERDAHL):
EVALUATION OF BROCCOLI RESIDUE FOR
SUGARBEET CYST NEMATODE CONTROL
BRASSICACEAE PRODUCE GLUCOSINOLATES
BROCCOLI DEGRADATION RELEASES
ISOTHIOCYANATES
METAM SODIUM IS A SYNTHETIC ISOTHIOCYANATE
NEMATODE / HOST ASSOCIATION DATABASES
H. FERRIS, E. CASWELL-CHEN, B. WESTERDAHL
FROM URL: http://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/
SELECT: VIEW DATABASES
NEMABASE Nematode-Host Association Database
(can also be obtained from ucipm website)
Nematode Common-Scientific Name Database
Plant Common-Scientific Name Database
Lownsbery Nematode-Host Association
Database
Radewald California Ornamental
Nematode-Host Association Database
Nematode Primer Database
Knowledge Planning Database
UC SOUTH COAST RESEARCH
AND EXTENSION CENTER
SUGARBEET CYST NEMATODE
(HETERODERA SCHACHTII)
RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK
3-4 REPLICATES PER TREATMENT
1XTELONE2X
1XTELONE
1XTARP
1X
2X
NONE
2000 SCFS BROCCOLI BIOFUMIGATION TRIAL
0.05
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
NUMBER OF MARKETABLE CROWNS
0.05
0.05
0.05
ERROR BARS
INDICATE 1
STANDARD ERROR

1XTELONE2X
1XTELONE
1XTARP
1X
2X
NONE
2000 SCFS BROCCOLI BIOFUMIGATION TRIAL
0.10
ERROR BARS
INDICATE 1
STANDARD ERROR
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
EGG HATCH PF/PI
2xbroccolitarp
1xbroccolitarp
NoBroccoliTarp
2002 SCFS BROCCOLI BIOFUMIGATION TRIAL - COMMERCIAL CROWNS
Telone
2xbroccoli
1xbroccoli
NoBroccoli
ERROR BARS
INDICATE 1
STANDARD ERROR
0 5 10 15 20 25
CROWNS / 3 METERS OF ROW
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.05