American Jewish Archives Journal, Volume 64, Numbers 1 & 2

57 Quoted in Jacob Rader Marcus, Memoirs of American Jews, 1775–1865, vol. 3 (Philadelphia:
Jewish Publication Society, 1956), 234.
58 Ibid., 152.
59 Rosen, The Jewish Confederates, 211.
60 Ibid., 225.
61 Jewish Messenger, 11 January 1861.
62 Aamodt, Righteous Armies, 178.
63 Rosen, The Jewish Confederates, 33.
64 Rable, God’s Almost Chosen Peoples, 16.
65 Ibid., 47.
66 Ibid., 384.
67 Ibid., 375, 386.
68 Aamodt, Righteous Armies, 178.
69 Rable, God’s Almost Chosen Peoples, 39, 47.
70 “Resolution of Savannah Jews,” clipping in M.J. Solomon’s Scrapbook, 1861–1863, 406,
David M. Rubinstein, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Perkins Library, Duke University,
Durham, NC; Stephen V. Ash, “Civil War Exodus; The Jews and Grant’s General Order No.
11,” in Jews and the Civil War, 374; quoted in Barbara Straus Reed, “Jewish Press Coverage of an
Anti-Semitic Act: Grant’s Order No. 11,” in The Civil War and the Press, ed. David Sachsman,
S. Kittrell Rushing, Debra van Tuyll (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press, 2000), 336.
71Michelbacher, “A Sermon Delivered on the Day of Prayer.”
72Samuel Yates Levy, “A Prayer for Peace,” typescript, American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
73Rosen, The Jewish Confederates, 199.
74James Moorhead, “The American Israel,” 150–151. Postmillennialists, more prevalent in the
antebellum years, anticipated a thousand-year reign of peace as a prelude to Christ’s return.
Premillennialists who held dispensationalist views still believed in the fulfillment of Israelite
prophecies as a prelude to Christ’s coming, which would be followed by the thousand years of
peace and justice. See Fredrickson, “The Coming of the Lord,” 115.
75Ibid., 392.
76See Eugene Genovese, A Consuming Fire: The Fall of the Confederacy in the Mind of the White
Christian South (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1998).
77Ibid., 36.
78Faust, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism, 28.
79Gary Phillip Zola, “The Ascendancy of Reform Judaism in the American South During the
Nineteenth Century,” in Jewish Roots in Southern Soil: A New History, ed. Marcie Cohen Ferris
and Mark Greenberg (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2006), 179.
80Jonathan Sarna, American Judaism: A History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004),
104, 110–111.
81Diane Ashton, “Shifting Veils: Religion, Politics, and Womanhood in the Civil War Writings
of American Jewish Women,” in Jews and the Civil War, 297.
82Rable, God’s Almost Chosen Peoples, 154; Michael Walzer, Exodus and Revolution (New York:
Basic Books, 1985), 7.
83Rable, God’s Almost Chosen Peoples, 357.
84George Fredrickson, “The Coming of the Lord: The Northern Protestant Clergy and the Civil
War Crisis,” in Religion and the American Civil War, 123.
Who is Israel? Yankees, Confederates, African Americans, and Jews • 49